Showing posts with label code. Show all posts
Showing posts with label code. Show all posts

July 7 - Olivier Levasseur Tosses the World a Challenge...a Puzzle...a Code...a Hoax?

Posted on July 7, 2018

He was a quick-witted, action-oriented man...

But he was also a ruthless man who looted and stole almost his whole life.

Olivier Levasseur lived during the very late 1600s and the early 1700s. He was born into a wealthy French family, and for a while he did his stealing in a "legal" way - he was a "privateer" for the French king.

That means he was a pirate - but he didn't steal for himself, for a while there; instead, he stole from ships that were not French, for the benefit of the French crown.

Later he got sick of that, and he became a full-on pirate. He did all his looting and stealing and marooning and killing for personal profit. He earned some pirate names such as La Buse, "The Buzzard."

Levasseur is one of the pirates who started the whole eye-patch thing. Of course, it wasn't a fashion choice; he had been injured across his eye, and the scarring had limited his eyesight. Eventually he became completely blind in one eye and took to wearing the patch.

I mentioned that La Buse was in it for personal profit - and, oh, man! What a lot of profit! His biggest take (and one of the biggest piracy exploits, ever) was capturing the Portuguese galleon Virgem do Cabo and grabbing bars of gold and silver, boxes full of golden Guineas, diamonds and pearls, silks and artworks, and even religious objects like a cross made of gold, inlaid with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, which was so heavy that three men had to carry it onto Levasseur's ship!



That treasure was so big, Levasseur settled down in hiding in the Seychelles. But eventually the pirate was captured (in Madagascar) and taken to Réunion. There, on this date in 1730, he was hung.

All of the islands I mentioned are found in the Indian Ocean,
near the coast of Africa.


But, wait! What about the challenge, puzzle, code, or hoax?

While standing on the scaffold, just before he was killed, Levasseur is supposed to have pulled a necklace off his neck and shouted to the crowd, "Find my treasure, the one who may understand it!" - as he flung the necklace into the crowd!

Whoever grabbed the necklace, whatever fighting may have broken out over the necklace, whatever became of the necklace - all of that seems to be unknown, but what everyone seems to agree on is that the necklace contained a 17-line cryptogram:



This typical code is apparently the
one that La Buse used for his message.

I gather that, once it's decoded, the
message is a bunch of riddles and hints
based on Greek mythology.

As you can imagine, there have been a LOT of treasure seekers who have looked for La Buse's hidden cache. People have dug in the Seychelles, Madagascar, Sainte-Marie Rodrigues, Réunion - but nobody has found it. One rich man dug a giant trench 45 meters wide and 15 meters deep. Another spent thousands of pounds digging for a treasure h never found. Apparently the entire beach of Bel Ombre, on one of the Seychelles' main islands, is pitted with trenches and tunnels and even concrete walls and water pumps to keep sea water out of the excavations!

Many people think that Levasseur may have been hoaxing the crowd with his cryptogram and his challenge - but some people still hold out hope that the treasure still lies buried somewhere.  



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May 24 – Morse Code Day

Posted on May 24, 2016

When we want to honor an inventor like Samuel Morse, or his or her invention, do we honor his birthday? The anniversary of his death? The anniversary of an “ah-ha!” moment, or of the first successful demonstration of the invention, or of the patent?

The truth is, of course, that it depends on the inventor and the invention. In some cases we have little information about exactly when an inventor thought up an idea or tested a new gadget – but we can clearly see the date of the patent. In some cases a group of people invented a device, rather than one person with a definite birthdate, and in other cases multiple people separately invented the same thing.

So when I discovered that there are two different days called “Morse Code Day” – and that neither is the anniversary of the first public demonstration of the telegraph – I got to wondering, “Why that date?” 

One of the two Morse Code Days is April 27, which is the birthday of telegraph inventor Samuel Morse.

The other is today, May 24, which is the anniversary of the first official telegram.

Samuel Morse and his partners, Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail, worked on the prototype telegraph that was demonstrated in 1938. They also had to develop a code that could be used to transmit letters and numbers. Morse studied the use of semaphore flags and optical codes – which assigned 3- or 4-digit numbers to various words – but Vail knew that such a system would be limited in what could be expressed and would be fairly difficult to translate from code to message. It was Vail who put in the effort to study the frequency of use of the 26 letters in the English language. He assigned the shortest dot-dash codes for the letters used most often, and longer codes for the infrequently-used letters.

It was perhaps even harder to convince Congress to fund the construction of the first telegraph line than it was to invent the device and the code! Finally, in 1843, Morse convinced them, thanks to the lobbying of his former classmate and supporter Henry Ellsworth, and a telegraph line was built linking Washington, D.C., to Baltimore, Maryland, a distance of about 40 miles.

In order to reward Ellsworth for his help with the skeptical Congress, Morse decided to allow Ellsworth's daughter to choose what the first official telegram would say. That's how 17-year-old Annie Ellsworth entered the story. She chose a short line from the Bible: “What hath God wrought?”


And it was on this date in 1844 that Morse, seated in the U.S. Capitol, tapped out Annie's message. Vail, sitting in a Baltimore railroad depot, received the message just seconds later. By 1800s standards, that was INSTANT communication!

The telegraph was a success almost instantly, as well. Over the next few years, private companies set up telegraph lines, and within a decade more than 20 thousand miles of telegraph wire had been strung in the U.S. alone. And although Morse had to spend years in court fighting for recognition for his work and royalties for his inventions, he died at age 80 a rich and famous man.

Of course, almost instant coded communication via wire was eventually replaced by non-coded vocal communication via wire (the telephone), and then wireless communication (cell phones). Not to mention faxes and email and text messaging and social media!

Western Union, one of the first and biggest telegraph companies, delivered its last telegram in January of 2006.



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January 11 – Learn Your Name in Morse Code Day

Posted on January 11, 2015

Back in the day, before there was the internet, before there was the telephone even, there was the telegraph. People were able to communicate over long distances, quickly, using electrical signals. But that meant that every number and letter had to be encoded as long-and-short electrical signals. The code developed by Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail is now called the Morse Code:

The Morse Code Alphabet
A  .-
B  -...
C  -.-.
D  -..
E  .
F  ..-.
G  --.
H  ....
I  ..
J  .---
K  -.-
L  .-..
M  --
N  -.
O  ---
P  .--.
Q  --.-
R  .-.
S  ...
T  -
U  ..-
V  ...-
W  .--
X  -..-
Y  -.--
Z  --..
0  -----
1  .----
2  ..---
3  ...--
4  ....-
5  .....
6  -....
7  --...
8  ---..
9  ----.
Fullstop  .-.-.-
Comma  --..--
Query  ..--..


We commonly call the long-and-short signals “dashes” and “dots” or “dahs” and “dits.”

The electrical telegraph signals were carried from place to place along a wire, and some people became professionals skilled at sending and interpreting telegraph signals.

These days, Morse Code is used mostly by amateur radio operators, but pilots and air traffic controllers often learn it as well.

Today has been set aside to encourage people to learn their name (at least) in Morse Code. If you want to hear what your name sounds like in dits and dahs, check out his translator.


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