Conciliterga

Reconstruction of Kuamaia lata, from Hou and Bergström (1997).

Belongs within: Trilobitomorpha.

The Conciliterga are a group of soft-bodied arthropods related to trilobites known from the Lower and Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Chengjiang faunas.

Synapomorphies (from Cotton & Braddy 2004, not including Australimicola): Dorsal bulge present in exoskeleton accomodating drop-shaped ventral eyes; anteromedian margin of cephalon notched, accomodating strongly sclerotised plate; distal lobe of exopod large, teardrop-shaped, with long attachment to proximal lobe; joints between posterior tergites functional, anterior ones variably fused. (Running data matrix from Legg et al. (2013) through TNT identifies only one synapomorphy for Conciliterga including Australimicola: mediolateral spines present.)

Conciliterga [Helmetiida]
    |--Australimicola LSE13
    `--+--+--Skioldia LSE13
       |  `--+--Saperion glumaceum Hou et al. 1991 LSE13, CB04
       |     `--Tegopelte Simonetta & Delle Cave 1975 LSE13, CB04
       |          `--T. gigas Simonetta & Delle Cave 1975 CB04
       `--+--Nathorstia Walcott 1912 B95
          `--Helmetiidae CB04
               |--Helmetia Walcott 1918 CB04
               |    `--H. expansa Walcott 1918 CB04
               |--Rhombicalvaria Hou 1987 CB04, B95
               |    `--R. acantha Hou 1987 CB04
               `--Kuamaia Hou 1987 CB04, B95
                    |--K. lata Hou 1987 CB04
                    `--K. muricata Hou & Bergström 1997 CB04

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B95] Bousfield, E. L. 1995. A contribution to the natural classification of Lower and Middle Cambrian arthropods: Food-gathering and feeding mechanisms. Amphipacifica 2: 3–34.

[CB04] Cotton, T. J., & S. J. Braddy. 2004. The phylogeny of arachnomorph arthropods and the origin of the Chelicerata. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 169–193.

[LSE13] Legg, D. A., M. D. Sutton & G. D. Edgecombe. 2013. Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies. Nature Communications 4 (2485): 1–7.

Lejopyge

Lejopyge laevigata, from Angelin (1851–1878).

Belongs within: Agnostida.

Lejopyge is a genus of agnostidans known from the Middle and Upper Cambrian of Eurasia (Harrington et al. 1959).

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Axial furrows of both shields obsolete except near base of glabella and at upper end of pygidial axis; genae smooth or rugose; surface of pygidium smooth.

<==Lejopyge Hawle & Corda 1847 HLC03
    |--*L. laevigata (Dalman 1828) [=Battus laevigatus] HLC03
    |--L. acantha Robison 1984 HLC03
    |--L. armata (Linnarsson 1869) (see below for synonymy) HLC03
    |--L. barrandei (Hicks 1872) HLC03
    |--L. calva Robison 1964 HLC03
    |--L. elegans (Tullberg 1880) HLC03
    |--L. hybridus (Brøgger 1878) HLC03
    |--L. multifora Öpik 1979 HLC03
    |--L. seminula (Whitehouse 1939) HLC03
    `--L. sinensis Lu & Lin in Peng 1987 HLC03

Lejopyge armata (Linnarsson 1869) [=Agnostus laevigatus var. armatus, L. laevigata armata, L. laevigatus armatus (l. c.); incl. L. laevigata perrugata Westergård 1946, L. armata trigonospinosa Yang 1982, L. zhejiangensis Qiu in Qiu, Lu et al. 1983] HLC03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170–O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[HLC03] Hong, P. S., J. G. Lee & D. K. Choi. 2003. Trilobites from the Lejopyge armata zone (upper Middle Cambrian) of the Machari Formation, Yongwol Group, Korea. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 895–907.

Lisaniidae

Cranidium of Eoshengia, from here.

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Lisaniidae are a group of small trilobites known from the upper Middle Cambrian of Eurasia (Hong et al. 2003).

Characters (from Hong et al. 2003): Small, convex; glabella large, subquadrate; frontal area short, flat to convex.

<==Lisaniidae
    |--Lisania Walcott 1911 [incl. Aojia Kobayashi 1935] HLC03
    |--Redlichaspis Kobayashi 1935 [=Lisaniella Chang 1963] HLC03
    |--Shengia Xiang in Egorova et al. 1963 HLC03
    |--Platylisania Zhang & Jell 1987 HLC03
    `--Eoshengia Yang 1978 HLC03
         |--*E. subquadrata Yang 1978 HLC03
         |--E. constricta Zhang 1981 HLC03
         |--E. dongqinlingia Yan in Yang et al. 1991 HLC03
         |--E. gaoqiaogouensis Yang & Liu in Yang et al. 1991 HLC03
         |--E. jiudiantangensis Yang 1978 HLC03
         |--E. paragenalata Yang 1978 HLC03
         |--E. paratenuis Yang in Yang et al. 1991 HLC03
         |--E. parva Yang in Yang et al. 1991 HLC03
         |--E. quadrata Yang 1978 HLC03
         |--E. rigida Yan in Yang et al. 1991 HLC03
         |--E. shorteglabella Yang & Liu in Yang et al. 1991 HLC03
         |--E. spinosa Yang 1978 HLC03
         |--E. sudani Jell & Hughes 1997 HLC03
         |--E. tenuis Zhang 1981 HLC03
         |--E. xinjiangensis Zhang 1981 HLC03
         `--E. youshuiensis (Yang 1978) HLC03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[HLC03] Hong, P. S., J. G. Lee & D. K. Choi. 2003. Trilobites from the Lejopyge armata zone (upper Middle Cambrian) of the Machari Formation, Yongwol Group, Korea. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 895–907.

Cyclolorenzella

Holaspid cranidia of Cyclolorenzella sp., from Hong et al. (2003).

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

Cyclolorenzella is a genus of trilobites known from the upper Middle Cambrian of Asia. Members of this genus have a convex preglabellar boss and small palpebral lobes at glabellar mid-length (Hong et al. 2003).

<==Cyclolorenzella Kobayashi 1960 [Diceratocephalidae] HLC03
    |--*C. quadrata (Kobayashi 1935) [=Lorenzella quadrata] HLC03
    |--C. acalle (Walcott 1905) HLC03
    |--C. caijiapingensis Yang 1978 HLC03
    |--C. convexa (Resser & Endo 1937) HLC03
    |--C. hebeiensis Wittke & Zhu in Zhu & Wittke 1989 HLC03
    |    |--C. h. hebeiensis HLC03
    |    `--C. h. tangshanensis Wittke & Zhu in Zhu & Wittke 1989 HLC03
    |--C. humilis Zhang in Qiu et al. 1983 HLC03
    |--C. kushanensis (Chu 1959) HLC03
    |--C. latisulcata Zhang in Qiu et al. 1983 HLC03
    |--C. longispinosa Wittke & Zhu in Zhu & Wittke 1989 HLC03
    |--C. parabola (Lu 1957) HLC03
    |--C. paraconvexa Yang 1978 HLC03
    |--C. pustulosa (Chu 1959) HLC03
    |--C. regularis (Walcott 1906) HLC03
    |--C. subcylindrica (Chu 1959) HLC03
    |--C. tonkinenensis (Mansuy 1916) HLC03
    |--C. tuma Yang 1978 HLC03
    |--C. uniforma Wittke & Zhu in Zhu & Wittke 1989 HLC03
    `--C. yentaiensis (Chu 1959) HLC03

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[HLC03] Hong, P. S., J. G. Lee & D. K. Choi. 2003. Trilobites from the Lejopyge armata zone (upper Middle Cambrian) of the Machari Formation, Yongwol Group, Korea. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 895–907.

Phacopida

Eccoptochile mariana, from the American Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.
Contains: Sphaerexochinae, Pilekiinae, Cheirurinae.

The Phacopida are a group of trilobites known from the Ordovician to the Devonian. Most members of this group are distinguished by the possession of proparian facial sutures, with the suture emerging in front of the genal angle. They are divided between the Phacopina, with a broadly anteriorly expanded glabella and schizochroal eyes, and the Cheirurina, with four pairs of glabellar furrows, small holochroal eyes and a spiny pygidium (Prothero 1998).

<==Phacopida
    |--Phacopina P98
    |    |--Greenops P98
    |    `--Phacops P98
    |         |--P. crosslei Etheridge & Mitchell 1895 F71
    |         |--P. latifrons H04
    |         |--P. latigenalis Etheridge & Mitchell 1895 F71
    |         |--P. longicaudatus M87
    |         |--P. macdonaldi Fletcher 1950 F71
    |         |--P. rana P98
    |         `--P. serratus F71
    `--Cheiruroidea [Cheirurina] P98
         |--Pliomeridae PVP85
         |    |  i. s.: Emsurella Rosova 1960 PVP85
         |    |           `--E. humilla Rosova 1960 PVP85
         |    |         Pseudocybele nasuta FO99, J79
         |    |         Pliomerellus Chugaeva 1973 PVP85
         |    `--Protopliomeropinae PVP85
         |         |--Protopliomerops Kobayashi 1934 PVP85
         |         `--Rossaspis Harrington 1957 PVP85
         |              `--R. superciliosa J79
         `--Cheiruridae PVP85
              |  i. s.: Krattaspis Öpik 1937 PVP85
              |--Sphaerexochinae PVP85
              |--+--Pilekiinae PVP85
              |  `--Cheirurinae PVP85
              `--Eccoptochilinae PVP85
                   |--Foulonia Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
                   |    `--*F. peregrina (Dean 1966) [=Ceraurinella peregrinus] PVP85
                   |--Eccoptochiloides Prantl & Přibyl 1947 PVP85
                   |    |--E. scuticauda (Barrande 1846) [incl. *E. tumescens (Barrande 1852)] PVP85
                   |    |--E. henryi Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
                   |    `--E. octacantha (Angelin 1854) PVP85
                   |--Placoparina Whittard 1940 PVP85
                   |    `--*P. sedgwickii (McCoy 1849) PVP85
                   |         |--P. s. sedgwickii PVP85
                   |         `--P. s. shelvensis Hughes 1969 PVP85
                   `--Eccoptochile Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
                        |--*E. clavigera (Beyrich 1845) PVP85
                        |--E. almadenensis Romano 1980 PVP85
                        |--E. impedita Hammann 1972 PVP85
                        |--E. mariana (Verneuil & Barrande 1855) PVP85
                        |--E. perlata Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
                        |--E. quillieri (Tromelin in Guillier 1873) PVP85
                        `--E. scrobiculata (Angelin 1854) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[FO99] Fortey, R. A. & R. M. Owens. 1999. Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42 (3): 429–465.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[J79] Jaanusson, V. 1979. Ordovician. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A136–A166. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[M87] Mitchell, J. 1887. Notes on the geology of Bowning, N.S.W. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (4): 1193–1204.

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

Olenacea

Olenus gibbosus, from here.

Belongs within: Ptychopariida.

The Olenacea are a group of trilobites known from the Middle Cambrian to the Upper Ordovician (Harrington et al. 1959).

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Exoskeleton subovate to elongate, opisthoparian (exceptionally proparian), micropygous to (rarely)subisopygous, with rounded or spinose genal angles. Cephalon with narrow border, small to medium-sized eyes and in most forms distinct eye ridges; glabella tapering forward, with simple, sigmoidal, or bifurcate lateral furrows (if present); preglabellar field present or absent; librigenae separated by median suture or fused together. Hypostoma probably free. Thorax with 9 to 24 segments. Pygidium with or without marginal spines.

<==Olenacea
    |--Elviniinae [Elviniidae] S80
    |    |--Wentsuia Sun 1935 S80
    |    |    |--*W. granulosa Sun 1935 S80
    |    |    |--W. iota Shergold 1980 S80
    |    |    `--‘Elrathia’ munda Resser & Endo in Endo & Resser 1937 S80
    |    `--Dunderbergia S80
    |         |--*D. nitida (Hall & Whitfield 1877) S80
    |         |--D. bigranulosa Palmer 1960 S80
    |         |--D. brevispina Palmer 1965 S80
    |         `--D. simplex Rasetti 1961 S80
    |--Pterocephaliidae S80
    |    |--Pterocephaliinae S80
    |    |    |--Sigmocheilus S80
    |    |    `--Pterocephalia S80
    |    |--Changshaniinae S80
    |    |    |--Changshania conica S80
    |    |    `--Parachangshania Chien 1958 S80
    |    |         `--‘Maladioidella’ elongata Endo 1944 S80
    |    `--Eugonocare Whitehouse 1939 [Aphelaspidinae] S80
    |         |--*E. tessellatum Whitehouse 1939 S80
    |         |--E. quadratum Henderson 1976 S80
    |         `--E. whitehousei Henderson 1976 S80
    `--Olenidae S80
         |  i. s.: Hedinia regalis Troedsson 1937 S80
         |         Porterfieldia punctata FO99
         |         Peltura scarabaeoides FO99
         |--Leptoplastus Angelin 1854 [Leptoplastinae] S80
         |    |--*L. stenotus Angelin 1854 S80
         |    `--L. rhaphidophorus Angelin 1854 S80
         `--Oleninae S80
              |--Plicatolina Shaw 1951 S80
              |    |--*P. kindlei Shaw 1951 S80
              |    |--P. lucida Lazarenko 1966 S80
              |    |--P. perlata lazarenko 1966 S80
              |    |--P. quadrata Pokrovskaya 1966 S80
              |    |--P. scalpta Harrington & Leanza 1957 S80
              |    `--P. yakutica Pokrovskaya 1966 S80
              `--Olenus LN05
                   |--O. attenuatus (Boeck 1838) LN05
                   |--O. dentatus (Westergård 1922) LN05
                   |--O. gibbosus (Wahlenberg 1821) LN05
                   `--+--O. transversus LN05
                      `--+--O. truncatus (Brünnich 1781) LN05
                         `--O. wahlenbergi (Wahlenberg 1821) LN05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[FO99] Fortey, R. A. & R. M. Owens. 1999. Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42 (3): 429–465.

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen et al. 1959. Systematic descriptions. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O170–O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[LN05] Lauridsen, B. W., & A. T. Nielsen. 2005. The Upper Cambrian trilobite Olenus at Andrarum, Sweden: a case of iterative evolution? Palaeontology 48 (5): 1041–1056.

[S80] Shergold, J. H. 1980. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Chatsworth Limestone, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics—Bulletin 186: 1–111.

Pilletopeltis

Pilletopeltis sternbergi, from J. Barrande.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Pilletopeltis is a cosmopolitan genus of trilobites known from the Middle Silurian (Wenlock) to the Middle Devonian (Givetian) (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Transglabellar furrows 3S and 2S present; median furrows on hypostome relatively shallow; pygidium with long anterior pleural spines and reduced second and third pairs; unpaired medial spine fused with terminal piece and shifted near to anterior margin of pygidium, occasionally only a sligh mucronation discernible in sagittal axis.

<==Pilletopeltis Přibyl in Pillet 1972 [incl. Geracephalina Kobayashi & Hamada 1977] PVP85
    |--*P. sternbergi (Boeck 1827) PVP85
    |    |--P. s. sternbergi PVP85
    |    `--P. s. couffoni Pillet 1972 PVP85
    |--P. affinis (Hawle & Corda 1847) PVP85
    |    |--P. a. affinis PVP85
    |    `--P. a. meridiana (Alberti 1969) PVP85
    |--P. africana (Alberti 1967) PVP85
    |--P. albertii Přibyl & Vaněk 1984 PVP85
    |--P. bitumulata (Weber 1951) PVP85
    |--P. chlupaci (Přibyl & Vaněk 1962) PVP85
    |--P. convexa (Kobayashi & Hamada 1977) PVP85
    |--P. copiosa (Haas 1968) PVP85
    |--P. cordai (Barrande 1846) PVP85
    |--P. euryrachis (Kobayashi & Hamada 1977) PVP85
    |--P. gammata (Weber 1951) PVP85
    |--P. hamlagdadica (Alberti 1983) PVP85
    |--P. insulsa (Lütke 1961) PVP85
    |--P. japonica (Kobayashi & Igo 1956) PVP85
    |    |--P. j. japonica PVP85
    |    `--P. j. granulata (Kobayashi & Hamada 1977) PVP85
    |--P. kameii (Kobayashi & Hamada 1977) PVP85
    |--P. malandriosa (Ancygin 1977) PVP85
    |--P. neomyops (Lütke 1965) PVP85
    |--P. orientalis (Maksimova 1960) PVP85
    |--P. oxina (Holloway & Neil 1982) PVP85
    |--P. parva (Tschernyscheva 1951) PVP85
    |--P. regia (Foldvary 1970) PVP85
    |--P. saharensis (Alberti 1983) PVP85
    |--P. sardiniensis (Alberti 1983) PVP85
    |--P. sculpta (Etheridge & Mitchell 1917) PVP85
    |--P. secta (Kobayashi & Hamada 1977) PVP85
    |    |--P. s. secta PVP85
    |    `--P. s. projecta (Kobayashi & Hamada 1977) PVP85
    |--P. silverdalensis (Etheridge & Mitchell 1917) PVP85
    |--P. sochanensis (Maksimova 1977) PVP85
    |--P. tarda (Maksimova 1955) PVP85
    |--P. transiens (Bouček 1935) PVP85
    |--P. trigonalis (Pillet 1972) PVP85
    `--P. welleri (Raymond 1916) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Cheirurus

Cheirurus insignis, copyright Trilospain.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Cheirurus is a cosmopolitan genus of trilobites known from the upper Llandovery to Ludlow epochs of the Silurian. Members of this genus have three pairs of pygidial spines and an unpaired medial spine, with the outer pair of spines long and the two inner pairs reduced (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Cheirurus Beyrich 1845 PVP85
    |--*C. insignis Beyrich 1845 PVP85
    |--C. centralis Salter 1853 PVP85
    |--C. dilatatus Raymond 1916 PVP85
    |--C. gotlandicus Lindström 1885 PVP85
    |--C. infensus Campbell 1967 PVP85
    |--C. niagarensis (Hall 1868) PVP85
    |--C. obtusatus Hawle & Corda 1847 PVP85
    |--C. patens Raymond 1916 PVP85
    |--C. pauper Barrande 1852 [=Crotalocephalus pauper] PVP85
    |--C. phollikodes Holloway 1980 PVP85
    |--C. prolixus Holloway 1980 PVP85
    |--C. strabo Weber 1932 PVP85
    `--C. tarquinius Billings 1863 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Sphaerexochinae

Pygidia of Cydonocephalus cf. torulus, from Tremblay & Westrop (1991).

Belongs within: Phacopida.
Contains: Acanthoparyphinae, Heliomera, Sphaerexochus.

The Sphaerexochinae are a group of trilobites known from the Upper Cambrian to the Upper Silurian. Mature sphaerexochines may have spent much of their time buried in the substrate with the head at the surface (Přibyl et al. 1985) and were possibly ambush predators.

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Exoskeleton compact, arched, mostly thick-walled; glabella large and spherically inflated; genae without marked scrobiculation; genal spines present in juveniles but absent at maturity; pygidium with leaf-like or lobate pleural spines and rounded pleural margins.

<==Sphaerexochinae [Heliomerinae]
    |  i. s.: Pompeckia Warburg 1925 PVP85
    |           |--*P. wegelini (Angelin 1854) PVP85
    |           |--P. minor Warburg 1925 PVP85
    |           `--P. repentina Petrunina 1975 PVP85
    |--+--Acanthoparyphinae PVP85
    |  |--Parasphaerexochus Chugaeva 1973 PVP85
    |  |    |--*P. galeatus Chugaeva 1973 PVP85
    |  |    `--P. confragosus Chugaeva 1973 PVP85
    |  `--Xystocrania Whittington 1965 [incl. Xialiangshania Chen 1975] PVP85
    |       |--*X. perforata (Billings 1865) PVP85
    |       |--X. glauca (Billings 1865) PVP85
    |       |--X. rara (Chien 1975) [=*Xialiangshania rara] PVP85
    |       `--X. unicornica (Hintze 1953) PVP85
    `--+--Emsurina Sivov 1955 PVP85
       |    |--*E. sibirica Sivov 1955 PVP85
       |    |--E. fulita Rosova 1960 PVP85
       |    `--E. minuta Rosova 1960 PVP85
       |--+--Heliomera PVP85
       |  `--Kolymella Chugaeva 1973 PVP85
       |       `--*K. plana (Chugaeva 1964) PVP85
       `--+--Forteyops Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
          |    |--*F. sexapugius (Ross 1951) [=Kawina sexapugia] PVP85
          |    |--F. approximus (Raymond 1905) PVP85
          |    |--F. divergens (Reed 1945) PVP85
          |    `--F. spinigenus (Ancygin 1977) PVP85
          |--Kawina Barton 1916 PVP85
          |    |--*K. vulcanus (Billings 1865) PVP85
          |    |--K. arnoldi Whittington 1963 PVP85
          |    |--K. billingsi (Raymond 1905) PVP85
          |    |--K. chazyensis (Raymond 1905) PVP85
          |    |--K. limbata Whittington 1963 PVP85
          |    |--K. raripustulata (Weber 1948) PVP85
          |    `--K. webbi Hintze 1953 PVP85
          `--+--Sphaerexochus PVP85
             `--Cydonocephalus Whittington 1963 PVP85
                  |--*C. griphus Whittington 1963 PVP85
                  |--C. mercurius (Billings 1865) PVP85
                  |--C. prolificus (Billings 1865) PVP85
                  |--C. prominulus Whittington 1963 PVP85
                  |--C. scrobiculatus Whittington 1963 PVP85
                  |--C. torulus Whittington 1963 PVP85
                  |--C. trisulcatus (Chugaeva 1973) PVP85
                  `--C. wilsoni (Ross 1972) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Ceraurinella

Ceraurinella scofieldi, copyright Caleb.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Ceraurinella is a genus of trilobites known from warm waters of the Middle (Llanvirn) to Late (Ashgill) Ordovician. Members of this genus have the ancestral unpaired medial spine of the pygidium fused with the terminal piece of the pygidial and displaced towards the anterior margin of the pygidium. The pygidium bears three pairs of spines, or two pairs with the median pair fused into a new unpaired terminal spine (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Ceraurinella Cooper 1953 PVP85
    |--C. (Ceraurinella) PVP85
    |    |--*C. (C.) typa Cooper 1953 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) angusta (Raymond 1925) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) buttsi Cooper 1953 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) chondra Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) dispersa (Tripp 1962) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) exornata (Lisogor 1965) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) kingstoni Chatterton & Ludvigsen 1976 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) latipyga Shaw 1968 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) longifrons (Troedsson 1929) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) magnilobata Tripp 1967 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) nahanniensis Chatterton & Ludvigsen 1976 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) ornata (Dalman 1828) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) pompilius (Billings 1865) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) seriata Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) tenuisculpta (Bradley 1930) PVP85
    |    `--C. (C.) trentonensis (Barton 1913) PVP85
    `--C. (Arcticeraurinella Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985) PVP85
         |--C. (*A.) arctica Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
         |--C. (A.) brevispina Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
         |--C. (A.) longispina Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
         |--C. (A.) media Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
         |--C. (A.) necra Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
         `--C. (A.) scofieldi (Clarke 1897) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Crotalocephalina

Crotalocephalina gibba, from here.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Crotalocephalina is a cosmopolitan genus of trilobites known from the Wenlock (Middle Silurian) to the Eifelian (Middle Devonian). Members of this genus possess lateral glabellar furrows 2S and 3S running across the sagittal line of the whole glabella (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Crotalocephalina Přibyl & Vaněk 1964 PVP85
    |--C. (Crotalocephalina) PVP85
    |    |--*C. (C.) gibba (Beyrich 1845) PVP85
    |    |    |--C. g. gibba PVP85
    |    |    |--C. g. auster Alberti 1970 PVP85
    |    |    |--C. g. benziregensis (Alberti 1983) PVP85
    |    |    `--C. g. tifletensis Alberti 1981 PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) boreas (Maksimova 1977) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) brevispinosa (Erben 1952) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) cruciata (Hawle & Corda 1847) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) gerassimovi (Janischevskij 1918) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) globifrons (Hawle & Corda 1847) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) intermedia (Pillet 1965) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) lenoiri (Bergeron 1887) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) packhami (Strusz 1964) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) pauper (Barrande 1852) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) pengellyi (Salter 1864) PVP85
    |    |--C. (C.) yavorskyi (Tschernyscheva 1951) PVP85
    |    `--C. (C.) zagorai (Alberti 1967) PVP85
    `--C. (Barrandeopeltis Přibyl & Vaněk 1984) PVP85
         |--C. (*B.) interrupta (Barrande 1852) PVP85
         |--C. (B.) expansa (Balashova 1968) PVP85
         |--C. (B.) hexaspina (Maksimova 1960) PVP85
         |--C. (B.) maura (Alberti 1966) PVP85
         |--C. (B.) pseudoexpansa (Maksimova 1978) PVP85
         `--C. (B.) uratubensis (Weber 1932) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Heliomera

Glabella and fragment of frontal margin of Heliomera sol, from Raymond (1910).

Belongs within: Sphaerexochinae.

Heliomera is a genus of trilobites known from warm-water palaeozooprovinces of the Ordovician of Eurasia and North America (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Genae reduced in size; eyes shifted towards external borders of cephalon; genal spines present; pygidium with two axial rings and two pairs of pleurae.

<==Heliomera Raymond 1905 PVP85
    |--H. (Heliomera) PVP85
    |    |--*H. (H.) sol (Billings 1865) PVP85
    |    `--H. (H.) albata Whittington 1963 PVP85
    `--H. (Heliomeroides Evitt 1951) PVP85
         |--H. (*H.) teres Evitt 1951 PVP85
         |--H. (H.) akocephala (Shaw 1968) PVP85
         |--H. (H.) alacer (Whittington 1963) PVP85
         |--H. (H.) chipperfieldi (Tripp 1967) PVP85
         |--H. (H.) freschaufae (Chatterton 1980) PVP85
         |--H. (H.) novissima Dean 1971 PVP85
         |--H. (H.) raymondi Bradley 1930 PVP85
         `--H. (H.) treta (Evitt 1951) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Raymond, P. E. 1910. Notes on Ordovician trilobites, IV. New and old species from the Chazy. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 7: 60–80.

Sphaerocoryphe

Sphaerocoryphe cranium, copyright St Petersburg Paleontological Laboratory.

Belongs within: Deiphoninae.

Sphaerocoryphe is a genus of trilobites known from warm waters of the Middle and Late Ordovician of Eurasia, North American and Australia (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Glabella spherical, bearing a pair of glabellar lobes 1L; thoracic segments with pleural furrows shallow, running longitudinally; pygidium with one or three pairs of spines.

<==Sphaerocoryphe Angelin 1854 PVP85
    |--S. (Sphaerocoryphe) PVP85
    |    |--*S. (S.) dentata Angelin 1854 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) akimbo Tripp 1967 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) arachniformis Bradley 1930 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) atlantiades Öpik 1937 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) carinae Lindström 1953 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) cranium (Kutorga 1854) PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) erratica Männil 1958 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) globiceps (Portlock 1843) PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) godnovi Raymond 1905 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) hastata Begg 1940 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) huebneri (Schmidt 1881) PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) kingi Ingham 1974 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) ludvigseni Chatterton 1980 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) major Ruedemann 1901 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) maquoketensis Slocom 1913 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) pemphis Lane 1971 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) psiles Tripp 1954 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) punctata Angelin 1854 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) robusta Walcott 1875 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) saba Tripp 1962 PVP85
    |    |--S. (S.) salteri Billings 1866 PVP85
    |    `--S. (S.) thomsoni (Reed 1906) PVP85
    `--S. (Hemisphaerocoryphe Reed 1896) [incl. Ellipsocoryphe Lu 1975] PVP85
         |--S. (*H.) pseudocranium (Nieszkowski 1859) PVP85
         |--S. (H.) dolichocephala (Schmidt 1881) PVP85
         |--S. (H.) elliptica (Lu 1975) [=*Ellipsocoryphe elliptica] PVP85
         |--S. (H.) exserta Webby 1974 PVP85
         |--S. (H.) granulata Angelin 1854 PVP85
         |--S. (H.) inflata (Nikolaisen 1961) PVP85
         |--S. (H.) schmidti Männil 1958 PVP85
         `--S. (H.) sphaerica (Esmark 1837) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Deiphoninae

Deiphon forbesi, from here.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.
Contains: Sphaerocoryphe.

The Deiphoninae are a group of trilobites known from the Upper Lower Ordovician to the Upper Silurian. They were commonly paedomorphic relative to related taxa, and may have been part of the vagrant benthos or nektobenthos (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Glabella swollen; genae and thorax reduced; tenth thoracic segment often not separating from pygidium during ontogeny.

<==Deiphoninae
    |--Ovalocephalus Koroleva 1959 PVP85
    |    |--*O. kelleri Koroleva 1959 PVP85
    |    `--O. globosus Abdullaev 1972 PVP85
    `--+--Sphaerocoryphe PVP85
       |--Onycopyge Woodward 1880 PVP85
       |    |--*O. liversidgei Woodward 1880 PVP85
       |    `--O. clarkei (Koninck 1877) PVP85
       `--Deiphon Barrande 1850 PVP85
            |--*D. forbesi Barrande 1850 PVP85
            |--D. americanum Weller 1907 PVP85
            |--D. angelini Warburg 1925 PVP85
            |--D. barrandei Whittard 1934 PVP85
            |--D. braybrooki Perry & Chatterton 1979 PVP85
            |    |--D. b. braybrooki PVP85
            |    `--D. b. bainsi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
            |--D. brevispina Ramsköld 1983 PVP85
            |--D. dikellum Whittard 1934 PVP85
            |--D. ellipticum Ramsköld 1983 PVP85
            |--D. fleur Šnajdr 1980 PVP85
            |--D. globifrons Angelin 1854 PVP85
            |--D. grovesi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
            |--D. longifrons Whittard 1934 PVP85
            |--D. pisum Foerste 1894 PVP85
            |--D. pospisili Přibyl & Vaněk 1984 PVP85
            |--D. salmoni Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
            |--D. snodensis Ramsköld 1983 PVP85
            `--D. sphaericum Ramsköld 1983 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Xylabion

Xylabion sp., from the American Museum of Natural History.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Xylabion is an Ordovician genus of trilobites bearing three pairs of spines on the pygidium, with the outer pair curved backwards.

Characters (from Ludvigsen 1977): Glabella quadrate, anterolateral corners rounded; glabellar furrows long (exsag.), nearly transverse; cephalic borders flat. Pygidium with three pairs of spines, graduated in length; anterior pair longest, curving outwards and backwards.

<==Xylabion Lane 1971 PVP85
    |--*X. gelasinosum (Portlock 1843) PVP85
    |--X. biformis (Maksimova 1955) PVP85
    |--X. craigense (Tripp 1954) PVP85
    |--X. elongatum (Cooper 1930) PVP85
    |--X. frequens (Chugaeva 1968) PVP85
    |--X. gilvum (Koroleva 1959) PVP85
    |--X. helgoeyense (Nikolaisen 1961) PVP85
    |--X. jakovlevi (Chugaeva 1958) PVP85
    |--X. kasachstanicum (Chugaeva 1958) PVP85
    |--X. kassini (Chugaeva 1958) PVP85
    |--X. kluevkaensis (Balashova 1959) PVP85
    |--X. longisulcatum (Chugaeva 1975) PVP85
    |--X. meekanum (Miller 1889) PVP85
    |--X. nordicum (Balashova 1959) PVP85
    |--X. sexermis (Öpik 1937) PVP85
    |--X. susceptum (Reed 1931) PVP85
    `--X. taimyricum (Balashova 1959) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Ludvigsen, R. 1977. The Ordovician trilobite Ceraurinus Barton in North America. Journal of Paleontology 51 (5): 959-972.

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Ceraurus

Ceraurus pleurexanthemus, from here.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Ceraurus is a genus of trilobites known from warm waters of the Middle Ordovician of North America (Přibyl et al. 1985).

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Eyes shifted anteriorly; glabella with exsagitally running pair of furrows considerably deepened, so that at axial margins it virtually pinches the lateral glabellar lobes; pygidium with three pairs of pygidial spines and odd medial spine, or with two pairs of pygidial spines and convexly bent posterior margin.

<==Ceraurus Green 1832 PVP85
    |--*C. pleurexanthemus Green 1832 PVP85
    |--C. cetus Dean 1979 PVP85
    |--C. convexus Cooper 1953 PVP85
    |--C. elginensis Slocom 1913 PVP85
    |--C. globulobatus Bradley 1930 PVP85
    |--C. hermanni Walters 1924 PVP85
    |--C. horridus Troedsson 1929 PVP85
    |--C. infrequens Phleger 1933 PVP85
    |--C. insignis Hall 1852 PVP85
    |--C. mackenziensis Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
    |--C. mantranseris Sinclair 1947 PVP85
    |--C. milleranus Miller & Gurley 1894 PVP85
    |--C. miseneri Foerste 1909 PVP85
    |--C. montyensis Evitt 1953 PVP85
    |--C. parvilobatus Troedsson 1929 PVP85
    |--C. plattinensis Foerste 1921 PVP85
    |--C. pustulosus (Hall 1847) PVP85
    |--C. ruidus Cooper 1953 PVP85
    |--C. savagei Walters 1924 PVP85
    |--C. tenuicornis Raymond 1925 PVP85
    |--C. trapezoidalis Esker 1964 PVP85
    |--C. tuberosus Troedsson 1929 PVP85
    |--C. vigilans Hall 1847 PVP85
    `--C. whittingtoni Evitt 1953 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Hadromeros

Hadromeros keisleyensis, copyright The Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery.

Belongs within: Cheirurinae.

Hadromeros is a genus of trilobites known from warm waters of the Middle Ordovician to Early Silurian. Members of this genus have three pairs of well-defined pygidial spines, sometimes also with an unpaired medial spine (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Hadromeros Lane 1971 PVP85
    |--*H. keisleyensis (Reed 1896) PVP85
    |--H. certus (Poulsen 1934) PVP85
    |--H. clasoni (Törnquist 1905) PVP85
    |--H. elongatus (Reed 1931) PVP85
    |--H. fortis (Barrande 1872) PVP85
    |--H. kirkdandiensis (Tripp 1979) PVP85
    |--H. nuperus (Billings 1866) PVP85
    |--H. perceensis (Cooper & Kindle 1936) PVP85
    |--H. punctatus (Angelin 1854) PVP85
    |--H. scotti Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. sinicus (Lu 1964) PVP85
    |--H. subulatus (Linnarsson 1869) PVP85
    |--H. toernquisti (Warburg 1925) PVP85
    |--H. williamsi (McCoy 1849) PVP85
    `--H. xiushanensis (Sheng 1964) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Sphaerexochus

Figure of Sphaerexochus mirus from Congreve & Lieberman (2011): 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, pygidium; 4, hypostome.

Belongs within: Sphaerexochinae.

Sphaerexochus is a cosmopolitan genus of trilobites known from the Middle Ordovician to the Late Silurian (Přibyl et al. 1985).

See also: Sphaerexochus: a possibly predatory trilobite.

Characters (from Přibyl et al. 1985): Glabella arched into a spherical shape, lateral glabellar furrows 3S and 2S shortened; lobe 1L limited to terminal margins of glabella. Hypostome with deep notch at posterior border. Pygidium with 3(+1) axial rings and three pairs of pleurae; pleurae narrow, lathy.

<==Sphaerexochus Beyrich 1945 PVP85
    |--+--S. (Sphaerexochus) PVP85
    |  |    |--*S. (S.) mirus Beyrich 1845 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) bohemicus Barrande 1872 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) bradleyi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) bridgei Cooper & Kindle 1936 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) calvus McCoy 1846 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) centeo Lane & Owens 1982 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) costabilis Dean 1971 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) dimorphus Perry & Chatterton 1977 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) discrepans Raymond 1925 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) eurys Tripp 1962 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) glaber Holloway 1980 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) guizhouensis Wu 1977 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) hiratai Kobayashi & Hamada 1974 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) johnstoni Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) laciniatus Lindström 1885 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) latens Barrande 1872 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) latifrons Angelin 1854 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) lorum Chatterton & Campbell 1980 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) molongloensis Chatterton & Campbell 1980 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) orientalis Kobayashi & Hamada 1970 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) paramirus Šnajdr 1980 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) planirachis Kobayashi & Hamada 1974 PVP85
    |  |    |--S. (S.) romingeri Hall 1868 PVP85
    |  |    `--S. (S.) scabridus Angelin 1854 PVP85
    |  `--S. (Onukia Kobayashi & Hamada 1976) PVP85
    |       `--S. (*O.) sugyiamai Kobayashi & Hamada 1976 PVP85
    |--S. (Korolevium Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985) PVP85
    |    |--S. (*K.) arenosus Chatterton & Ludvigsen 1976 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) arcuatus Tripp 1976 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) atacius Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) balclatchiensis Reed 1924 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) bilobatus Whittard 1958 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) conusoides Koroleva 1959 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) filius Tripp 1967 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) hapsidotus Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) hisingeri Warburg 1925 PVP85
    |    |--S. (K.) pulcher Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
    |    `--S. (K.) tuberculatus Warburg 1925 PVP85
    `--S. (Parvixochus Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985) PVP85
         `--S. (*P.) parvus Billings 1863 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Acanthoparyphinae

Pandaspinapyga tumida, from here.

Belongs within: Sphaerexochinae.
Contains: Nieszkowskia, Hyrokybe.

The Acanthoparyphinae is a lineage of epifaunal benthic trilobites known from warm-water palaeozooprovinces of Eurasia and North America in the Lower Ordovician to Upper Silurian. Members of the Acanthoparyphinae are characterised by a mature pygidium bearing two pairs of pleural spines, produced via the ontogenetic fusion of the ancestral four pairs (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Acanthoparyphinae
    |--+--Nieszkowskia PVP85
    |  |--Hammannopyge Přibyl & Vaněk in Přibyl, Vaněk & Pek 1985 PVP85
    |  |    `--*H. unica (Thomson 1857) [=Acidaspis unica] PVP85
    |  `--Holia Bradley 1930 PVP85
    |       |  i. s.: H. cimelia Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
    |       |         H. sarykolica (Lisogor 1965) PVP85
    |       |         H. yakowlevi (Weber 1948) PVP85
    |       |--*H. magnospinosa Bradley 1930 PVP85
    |       `--+--H. anacantha Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
    |          `--H. secristi Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
    `--+--Pandaspinapyga Esker & Levin 1964 PVP85
       |    |--*P. projecta (Esker 1961) PVP85
       |    |--P. dactyla Chatterton & Ludvigsen 1976 PVP85
       |    |--P. furcillata (Ancygin 1973) PVP85
       |    |--P. gibba (Angelin 1854) PVP85
       |    |--P. mutica (Schmidt 1881) PVP85
       |    |--P. salsa Esker 1964 PVP85
       |    |--P. stubblefieldi (Bancroft 1949) PVP85
       |    |--P. tuberculata (Warburg 1925) PVP85
       |    `--P. tumida (Angelin 1854) PVP85
       `--+--Acanthoparypha Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
          |    |--*A. perforata Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
          |    |--A. chiropyga Whittington & Evitt 1954 PVP85
          |    |--A. echinoderma Chatterton & Ludvigsen 1976 PVP85
          |    |--A. evitti Chatterton & Ludvigsen 1976 PVP85
          |    |--A. goniopyga Ludvigsen 1979 PVP85
          |    |--A. subcircularis (Bradley 1930) PVP85
          |    `--A. trentonensis (Clarke 1897) PVP85
          `--+--Hyrokybe PVP85
             |--Shiqiania Chang 1974 PVP85
             |    |--*S. gaotanensis Chang 1974 PVP85
             |    `--S. punctata Chang 1974 PVP85
             `--Youngia Lindström 1885 PVP85
                  |--*Y. trispinosa (Young 1868) PVP85
                  |--Y. boucoti Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
                  |--Y. brennardi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
                  |--Y. clintoni (Foerste 1894) PVP85
                  |--Y. folinsbesi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
                  |--Y. johnsoni Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
                  |--Y. kathyae Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
                  |--Y. luorepingensis (Wu 1977) PVP85
                  |--Y. moroides (Marret Nicholson 1888) PVP85
                  |--Y. steineri Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
                  |--Y. tuberculata Dean 1971 PVP85
                  `--Y. walli Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Hyrokybe

Partial cephalon of Hyrokybe globiceps, from Ramsköld (1983).

Belongs within: Acanthoparyphinae.

Hyrokybe is a genus of trilobites known from Eurasia and North America during the Llandovery and Wenlock epochs of the Silurian. Members of this genus have the rostrum fused with the hypostome (Přibyl et al. 1985).

<==Hyrokybe Lane 1972 PVP85
    |--*H. pharanx Lane 1972 PVP85
    |--H. alaica (Weber 1932) PVP85
    |--H. canadensis (Billings 1860) PVP85
    |--H. copelandi (Perry & Chatterton 1977) [=Youngia copelandi] PVP85
    |--H. douglasi (Lamont 1978) PVP85
    |--H. globiceps (Lindström 1885) PVP85
    |--H. hadnagyi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. inermis (Lindström 1885) PVP85
    |--H. julli Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. lenzi Chatterton & Perry 1984 PVP85
    |--H. meliceris Lane & Owens 1982 PVP85
    `--H. uralica (Tschernyschew 1893) PVP85

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[PVP85] Přibyl, A., J. Vaněk & I. Pek. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Rerum Naturalium Geographica-Geologica XXIV 83: 107–193.

Ramsköld, L. 1983. Silurian cheirurid trilobites from Gotland. Palaeontology 26 (1): 175–210.