Campodeoidea

Campodea staphylinus, copyright Michel Vuijlsteke.

Belongs within: Diplura.

The Campodeoidea are a group of diplurans with filiform cerci and lacking abdominal spiracles (Ferguson 1990).

Characters (from Ferguson 1990): Trichobothria present, beginning on antennal segment 3; mandible with lacinia mobilis (prostheca); maxilla without palpus, lacinia without pectens; urosternite 1 without styli, with one pair of subcoxal appendages; styli present on urosternites 2–7, with several distinctly developed setae; abdominal spiracles absent; cerci multisegmented, filiform, long or short, without inner canal, closed at apex; anal valvules well developed.

<==Campodeoidea [Campodeida, Campodeomorpha] F90
    |--Procampodea [Procampodeidae] F90
    |    `--P. macswaini Condé & Pagés 1956 F90
    `--Campodeidae F05
         |  i. s.: Plusiocampa F05
         |           |--P. baetica Sendra 2004 F05
         |           `--P. bonneti F05
         |                |--P. b. bonneti F05
         |                `--P. b. condei Sendra & Escolà 2004 F05
         |--Lepidocampinae F90
         |    |--Syncampa Silvestri 1931 F90
         |    `--Lepidocampa Oudemans 1890 F90
         |         `--L. weberi Oudemans 1890 F90
         |--Hemicampinae F90
         |    |--Tritocampa Silvestri 1933 F90
         |    `--Hemicampa Silvestri 1912 F90
         |         `--H. boudreauxi Condé & Geeraert 1962 F90
         `--Campodeinae CP91
              |--Eutrichocampa hispanica Silvestri 1932 F90
              |--Haplocampa Silvestri 1912 F90
              |--Podocampa Silvestri 1932 [incl. Parallocampa Silvestri 1933] F90
              |--Meiocampa Silvestri 1933 F90
              |--Eumesocampa Silvestri 1933 F90
              |    |--E. danielsi Silvestri 1933 F90
              |    |--E. frigillis (Hilton 1936) F90
              |    `--E. lutzi Silvestri 1933 F90
              |--Campodella Silvestri 1913 CP91, W39
              |    |--*C. clavigera CP91
              |    |--C. milloti CP91
              |    `--C. tiegsi Womersley 1939 W39
              |--Notocampa Silvestri 1930 CP91, W39
              |    |--*N. leae (Silvestri 1931) [=Metriocampa (*Notocampa) leae] W39
              |    |--N. philpotti (Tillyard 1924) [=Campodea philpotti, Metriocampa (Notocampa) philpotti] W39
              |    `--N. westraliense (Wom. 1937) [=Metriocampa (Notocampa) westraliense] W39
              |--Litocampa Silvestri 1933 F90
              |    |  i. s.: L. cookei F90
              |    `--L. (Cocytocampa Paclt 1957) F90
              |         |--L. (C.) perkinsi (Silvestri 1934) F90
              |         `--L. (C.) solomonis Bareth & Condé 1972 F90
              |--Metriocampa Silvestri 1911 F90
              |    |--M. (Austrocampa Wom. 1937) W39
              |    |    `--M. (A.) spinigera Wom. 1937 W39
              |    |         |--M. s. spinigera CP91
              |    |         `--M. s. victoriense Wom. 1937 CP91, W39
              |    `--M. (Tricampa Silvestri 1933) F90
              |         `--M. (T.) paradoxa CP91
              `--Campodea Westwood 1842 F90
                   |  i. s.: C. darwinii RJ93
                   |         C. lubbocki WS10
                   |         C. remyi F90
                   |         C. staphylinus P92
                   |         C. waterhousei Wom. 1937 W39
                   |--C. (Campodea) F05
                   |    |--C. (C.) cossetana Sendra & Escolà 2004 F05
                   |    |--C. (C.) fragilis Meinert 1865 CP91, W39
                   |    |--C. (C.) maestrazgoensis Sendra & Escolà 2004 F05
                   |    |--C. (C.) majorica F05
                   |    |    |--C. m. majorica F05
                   |    |    `--C. m. valentina Sendra & Moreno 2004 F05
                   |    `--C. (C.) navasi Sendra & Moreno 2004 F05
                   |--C. (Dicampa Silvestri 1932) F90
                   |    `--C. (D.) escalerai Silvestri 1932 F90
                   |--C. (Hypercampa Silvestri 1933) F90
                   |    `--C. (H.) essigi Silvestri 1933 F90
                   |--C. (Indocampa) CP91
                   |    |--C. (I.) froggattii Silvestri 1921 CP91, W39
                   |    |--C. (I.) novaecaledoniae CP91
                   |    `--C. (I.) tillyardii Silvestri 1931 CP91, W39
                   `--C. (Monocampa Silvestri 1932) F90
                        |--C. (M.) morgani Silvestri 1911 F90
                        `--C. (M.) tonnoiri Wom. 1937 CP91, W39

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP91] Condé, B., & J. Pagés. 1991. Diplura. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 269–271. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[F90] Ferguson, L. M. 1990. Insecta: Diplura. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 951–963. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[F05] Fernández, J. 2005. Noticia de nuevos táxones para la ciencia en el ámbito Íbero-Balear y Macaronésico. Nuevos táxones animales descritos en la península Ibérica y Macaronesia desde 1994 (IX). Graellsia 61 (2): 261–282.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[WS10] Wang, M., S. Sun, C. Li & X. Shen. 2010. Distinctive mitochondrial genome of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus, a useful molecular marker for phylogenetic and population studies. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 187–192. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Diplura

Heterojapyx novaezelandae, copyright Bugman-NZ.

Belongs within: Panhexapoda.
Contains: Campodeoidea, Japygidae.

The Diplura are a cosmopolitan group of slender-bodied, wingless, blind hexapods that are mostly found in damp soil under logs and stones (Condé & Pagés 1991).

Characters (from Condé & Pagés 1991): Small to large, narrow-bodied hexapods, mostly unpigmented; eyes absent; antennae moniliform, with intrinsic muscles in the flagellar segments; thorax usually weakly developed; legs 5-segmented; abdomen 10-segmented, with styles and exsertile vesicles on at least some of the segments, gonopore between 8 and 9; cerci variously developed. Larval development epimorphic.

<==Diplura
    |  i. s.: Onychojapyx schmidti Pierce 1950 K-P87
    |         Testajapyx Kukalová-Peck 1987 [Testajapygidae] K-P87
    |           `--*T. thomasi Kukalová-Peck 1987 K-P87
    |         Ocellia [Ocelliidae] RJ93
    |           `--O. articulicornis RJ93
    |--Rhabdura F90
    |    |--Campodeoidea F90
    |    `--Projapygoidea F90
    |         |--Anajapyx Silvestri 1903 [Anajapygidae] F90
    |         |    |--*A. vesiculosus W39
    |         |    |--A. hermosus Smith 1960 F90
    |         |    `--A. menkei F90
    |         |--Projapygidae CP91
    |         |    |--Projapyx Cook 1899 F90
    |         |    |    `--*P. stylifer W39
    |         |    `--Symphylurinus Silvestri 1909 F90
    |         |         |--*S. grassi W39
    |         |         `--S. swani CP91
    |         `--Octostigma [Octostigmatidae] P01
    |              |--*O. herbivorum [=O. herbivora] P01
    |              |--O. sinense [=O. sinensis] P01
    |              `--O. spiniferum Pagés 2001 P01
    `--Japygoidea [Dicellurata, Japygomorpha] F90
         |--Dinjapyx W39 [Dinjapygidae F90, Dinjapyginae]
         |--Japygidae CP91
         |--Evalljapyx Silvestri 1911 F90 [Evalljapygidae CP91, Evalljapyginae]
         |--Heterojapyx CP91 [Heterojapygidae, Heterojapyginae F90]
         |    |--H. evansi Wom. 1934 W39
         |    |--H. gallardi Till. 1924 W39
         |    |--H. novaezelandae W39
         |    |--H. soulei RD77
         |    |--H. tambourinensis Wom. 1934 W39
         |    |--H. tillyardi K-P83
         |    `--H. victoriae Silvestri 1910 W39
         `--Parajapygidae [Parajapyginae] F90
              |--Ectasjapyx W39
              `--Parajapyx CP91
                   |  i. s.: P. emeryanus MG06
                   |         P. isabellae S62
                   |         P. swani Wom. 1934 W39
                   `--P. (Parajapyx) B86
                        |--P. (P.) botosaneanui Pagés 1975 B86
                        `--P. (P.) gerlachi Pagés 1967 B86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B86] Botosaneanu, L. 1986. Insecta: Diplura (avec une note sur les Acari: Nematalycidae). In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) p. 618. E. J. Brill/Dr W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[CP91] Condé, B., & J. Pagés. 1991. Diplura. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 269–271. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[F90] Ferguson, L. M. 1990. Insecta: Diplura. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 951–963. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[K-P83] Kukalová-Peck, J. 1983. Origin of the insect wing and wing articulation from the arthropodan leg. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 1618–1669.

[K-P87] Kukalová-Peck, J. 1987. New Carboniferous Diplura, Monura, and Thysanura, the hexapod ground plan, and the role of thoracic side lobes in the origin of wings (Insecta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 2327–2345.

[MG06] Mallatt, J., & G. Giribet. 2006. Further use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA genes to classify Ecdysozoa: 37 more arthropods and a kinorhynch. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 772–794.

[P01] Pagés, J. 2001. Notes sur des diploures rabdoures (insectes, aptérygotes) n^o 2: Octostigma spiniferum sp. n. (Projapygoidea, Octostigmatidae) de Java (Indonésie)—Diplura Genavensia XXV. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 108 (1): 31–39.

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10^th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[RJ93] Ross, A. J., & E. A. Jarzembowski. 1993. Arthropoda (Hexapoda; Insecta). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 363–426. Chapman & Hall: London.

[S62] Smith, L. M. 1962. Japygidae of South America. 3: Japygidae of Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 273–292.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.

Japygidae

Metajapyx suterraneus, copyright Christopher C. Wirth.

Belongs within: Diplura.

The Japygidae are a group of diplurans with forcipate cerci and trichobothria on segments 4–6 of the antennae (Condé & Pagés 1991).

Characters (from Condé & Pagés 1991): Trichobothria present on segments 4–6 of antenna; mandible without prostheca; labial palps present; four pairs of thoracic spiracles; pretarsus without empodium on ventral side of the two lateral claws; S1–7 with minute membranous vesicles; cerci one-segmented, forcipate.

<==Japygidae
    |--Provalljapyx Silvestri 1949 [Provalljapyginae] F90
    |--Japygellinae W39
    |    |--Allurjapyx W39
    |    |--Epijapyx W39
    |    |--Japyginus W39
    |    `--Japygellus W39
    |--Indiajapyginae W39
    |    |--Burmjapyx glauerti W39, WM70
    |    |--Parindjapyx W39
    |    |--Neojapyx W39
    |    `--Indjapyx W39
    `--Japyginae S62
         |--Opisthjapyx W39
         |--Catajapyx W39
         |--Mixojapyx W39
         |--Megajapyx W39
         |--Hecajapyx S62
         |--Occasjapyx japonicus S62, SC17
         |--Austrjapyx S62
         |--Japygianus wheeleri WM70
         |--Japyx Halliday 1863 W39
         |    |--J. solifugus WS10
         |    `--J. westraliense Wom. 1934 W39
         |--Chiljapyx Smith 1962 S62
         |    `--*C. caltagironei Smith 1962 S62
         |--Penjapyx Smith 1962 S62
         |    `--*P. altus Smith 1962 S62
         |--Hapljapyx Silvestri 1948-1949 S62
         |    `--*H. lopesi Silvestri 1948-1949 S62
         |--Nelsjapyx Smith 1962 S62
         |    |--*N. hichinsi Smith 1962 S62
         |    `--N. soldadi Smith 1962 S62
         |--Rossjapyx Smith 1962 S62
         |    |--*R. australis Smith 1962 S62
         |    `--R. anodus (Silvestri 1949) [=Hapljapyx anodus; incl. H. subanodus Silvestri 1949] S62
         |--Valpjapyx Smith 1962 S62
         |    |--*V. botani Smith 1962 S62
         |    `--V. talcae Smith 1962 S62
         |--Teljapyx Silvestri 1949 S62
         |    |--*T. riestrae Silvestri 1949 S62
         |    |--T. megalocerus (Silv. 1901) S62
         |    `--T. profundus Smith 1962 S62
         |--Merojapyx Silvestri 1949 S62
         |    |--*M. speggazzinii Silvestri 1949 S62
         |    |--M. bidentatus [=M. bidentaus (l. c.)] S62
         |    |--M. porteri Silvestri 1949 S62
         |    `--M. riverosi Silvestri 1949 S62
         |--Notojapyx WM70
         |    |--N. mjobergi CP91
         |    `--N. tillyardi CP91
         |         |--N. t. tillyardi CP91
         |         `--N. t. pagesi CP91
         `--Metajapyx W39
              |--M. froggatti (Silvestri 1930) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) froggatti; incl. J. augens Silv. 1930] W39
              |--M. glauerti (Wom. 1934) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) glauerti] W39
              |--M. leae (Silvestri 1930) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) leae] W39
              |--M. longiseta (Silvestri 1908) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) longiseta] W39
              |--M. michaelseni (Silvestri 1930) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) michaelseni] W39
              |--M. mjoebergi (Silvestri 1928) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) mjoebergi] W39
              |--M. nichollsi (Wom. 1934) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) nichollsi] W39
              |--M. onkaparinga (Wom. 1935) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) onkaparinga] W39
              |--M. suterraneus RS10
              `--M. tillyardii (Silvestri 1930) [=Japyx (Metajapyx) tillyardii] W39

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CP91] Condé, B., & J. Pagés. 1991. Diplura. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2^nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 269–271. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[F90] Ferguson, L. M. 1990. Insecta: Diplura. In: Dindal, D. L. (ed.) Soil Biology Guide pp. 951–963. John Wiley & Sones: New York.

[RS10] Regier, J. C., J. W. Shultz, A. Zwick, A. Hussey, B. Ball, R. Wetzer, J. W. Martin & C. W. Cunningham. 2010. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature 463: 1079–1083.

[SC17] Schwentner, M., D. J. Combosch, J. P. Nelson & G. Giribet. 2017. A phylogenomic solution to the origin of insects by resolving crustacean-hexapod relationships. Current Biology 27: 1818–1824.

[S62] Smith, L. M. 1962. Japygidae of South America. 3: Japygidae of Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 75: 273–292.

[WM70] Wallace, M. M. H., & I. M. Mackerras. 1970. The entognathous hexapods. In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 205–216. Melbourne University Press.

[WS10] Wang, M., S. Sun, C. Li & X. Shen. 2010. Distinctive mitochondrial genome of the calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus, a useful molecular marker for phylogenetic and population studies. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of "Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean", 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 187–192. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

[W39] Womersley, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia: Silverfish, springtails, and their allies. South Australian Branch of the British Science Guild: Adelaide.