Tetracampinae

Epiclerus sp., photographed by Simon Van Noort.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.

The Tetracampinae is a group of small parasitic wasps that are mostly known to develop as parasites of leaf-miners or in eggs of leaf-feeding insects (Bouček 1988). Male tetracampines have five tarsomeres in the fore- and hindlegs, but only four in the midlegs (Heraty et al. 2013).

Synapomorphies (from Heraty et al. 2013): Male antenna with six flagellomeres between F1 and clava; head with upper ocular and transfacial sulci present anteriorly; clypeus inflected into oral cavity, not on same plane as face; pronotum with isolated large bristle on posterolateral corner; forewing with speculum absent (specular area setose both dorsally and ventrally).

<==Tetracampinae B88
    |  i. s.: Niticampe Bouček 1988 B88
    |           `--*N. metallica Bouček 1988 B88
    |         Cassidocida Crawford 1913 B88
    |           `--*C. aspidomorphae B88
    |--Diplesiostigma Girault 1920 HB13, B88 [incl. Xanthopirene Girault 1929 B88]
    |    |--*D. particolor Girault 1920 [incl. *Xanthopirene shakespearei Girault 1929] B88
    |    `--D. bisetosum Bouček 1988 B88
    `--+--+--Foersterella Dalla Torre 1897 HB13, B88 [=Hyperbius Förster 1878 non Stal 1867 B88]
       |  |    |--*F. flavipes [=Tetracampe flavipes] B88
       |  |    |--F. reptans MH11
       |  |    `--F. scaposa Bouček 1988 B88
       |  `--Tetracampe Förster 1841 HB13, B88
       |       |--*T. impressa B88
       |       |--T. africana [=Cassidocida africana] B88
       |       `--T. avia Bouček 1988 B88
       `--Epiclerus Haliday 1844 HB13, B88 [incl. Diparellomyia Girault 1913 B88]
            |--*E. panyas [=Entedon panyas] B88
            |--E. aligherini (Girault 1926) [=Tetracampe aligherini] B88
            |--E. australiensis (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
            |--E. haeckeli (Girault 1913) [=*Diparellomyia haeckeli] B88
            |--E. longicornis Bouček 1988 B88
            `--E. temenus MH11

Epiclerus australiensis (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Tetracampe australiensis; incl. Toxeuma pax Girault 1915] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Megastigminae

Bootanelleus orientalis, photographed by Gary Taylor and Matthew Purcell.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Megastigmus.

The Megastigminae is a group of wasps characterised by a prominent stigmal vein in the forewing. The majority of species are phytophagous, though many are inquilines or parasites of other gall-makers.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Stigmal vein branching off marginal vein at a relatively wide angle, knob of stigmal vein unusually enlarged, which makes the vein distinctly longer than breadth of costal cell; basal vein mostly well pigmented with posterior end curved outwards; body often more or less yellow (rarely with metallic colour); thorax with rather sparse and usually outstanding conspicuous hairs, always without short normal pilosity; hind coxae relatively shorter than in other Torymidae; ovipositor tending to curve upwards, sometimes very strongly so.

<==Megastigminae [Megastigmides] B88
    |--+--Bortesia HB13
    |  `--Bootanelleus Girault 1915 MH11, B88
    |       |--*B. viridiscutellum Girault 1915 B88
    |       |--B. aereus (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) aerea] B88
    |       |--B. ashmeadi (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) ashmeadi] B88
    |       |--B. auritibiae (Girault 1915) [=Neomegastigmus auritibiae] B88
    |       |--B. hyalinus (Girault 1915) [=Neomegastigmus hyalinus] B88
    |       |--B. leai (Girault 1929) [=Neomegastigmus leai] B88
    |       |--B. longifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) longifasciata] B88
    |       |--B. nonvitta (Girault 1938) [=Bootanomyia nonvitta] B88
    |       |--B. nympha (Girault 1937) [=Epibootania nympha] B88
    |       |--B. orientalis (Mathur & Hussey 1956) [=Bootanomyia orientalis] B88
    |       |--B. pax (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) pax] B88
    |       |--B. sanguiniventris (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) sanguiniventris] B88
    |       `--B. victoriae (Girault 1928) [=Bootanomyia victoriae] B88
    `--+--Paramegastigmus Girault 1915 MH11, B88
       |    `--*P. flavus (see below for synonymy) B88
       |--Megastigmus MH11
       `--Neomegastigmus Girault 1915 HB13, B88
            |--*N. petiolatus Girault 1915 [incl. N. rufithorax var. nelsonensis Girault 1915] B88
            |--N. collaris Girault 1915 B88
            |--N. filius Girault 1915 B88
            |--N. lividus Girault 1915 [incl. N. lividus var. badius Girault 1915] B88
            |--N. rufithorax Girault 1915 B88
            |--N. saltensis Girault 1915 B88
            `--N. varius Girault 1915 B88

Megastigminae incertae sedis:
  Mangostigmus Bouček 1986 B88
    `--*M. amraeus [=Neomegastigmus amraeus] B88
  Ianistigmus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*I. tatianae Bouček 1988 B88
  Westralianus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*W. microstigma Bouček 1988 B88
  Malostigmus Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*M. pergratus (Girault 1915) [=Bootanomyia pergrata] B88
  Xenostigmus Riek 1966 B88
    |--*X. mirostigmus Riek 1966 B88
    |--X. longistigmus Riek 1966 B88
    `--X. similis Riek 1966 B88
  Bootanomyia Girault 1915 [incl. Epibootania Girault 1937] B88
    |--*B. smaragdus (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (*Bootanomyia) smaragdus] B88
    |--B. gemma B88
    |--B. guttatipennis (Girault 1937) [=*Epibootania guttatipennis] B88
    `--B. viridiscutellum (Girault 1915) [=Megastigmus (Bootanomyia) viridiscutellum] B88
  Bootania Dalla Torre 1897 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*B. leucospoides [=*Metamorpha leucospoides] B88
    |--B. gigantea (Girault 1928) [=Pulvilligera gigantea] B88
    |--B. japonica [=Megastigmus japonicus, *Macrodasyceras japonicus] B88
    |--B. maxima (Strand 1911) [=*Pulvilligera maxima] B88
    |--B. neocaledonica (Milliron 1950) [=Pulvillgera neocaledonica] B88
    |--B. pilicornis [=*Eutanycormus pilicornis] B88
    |--B. ruficeps [=*Spilomegastigmus ruficeps] B88
    |--B. solomonensis (Milliron 1950) [=Pulvilligera solomonensis] B88
    `--B. titanus (Girault 1939) [=Epimegastigmus titanus, Megastigmus titanus] B88

Nomen nudum: Bootanomyia unistriata Girault 1928 B88

Bootania Dalla Torre 1897 [=Metamorpha Walker 1862 non Huebner 1819; incl. Eutanycormus Cameron 1909, Macrodasyceras Kamijo 1962, Pulvilligera Strand 1911, Spilomegastigmus Cameron 1905] B88

*Paramegastigmus flavus [=Spilomegastigmus flavus, Megastigmus (*Paramegastigmus) flavus; incl. M. (P.) immaculaticorpus Girault 1915] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Podagrion

Ovipositing Podagrion, photographed by Nicky Bay.

Belongs within: Toryminae.

Podagrion is a cosmopolitan genus of wasp parasitising mantid oothecae, with each larva consuming one host egg during development (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): First flagellar segment transverse, anelliform; only one (median) carina between hind coxae; hind coxa and femur relatively very long, hind femur toothed on ventral edge; apex of hind tibia beyond tarsal insertion forming a produced spine that is less than twice as long as the tibia is broad, only one distinct spur; ovipositor always much longer than gaster.

<==Podagrion Spinola 1811 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*P. splendens B88
    |--P. abbreviatum Cockerell 1930 B88
    |--P. batesi Girault 1915 B88
    |--P. beneficium Girault 1915 B88
    |--P. flabellatum Girault 1929 B88
    |--P. holbeini Girault 1923 B88
    |--P. hyalinum (Girault 1913) [=Podagrionella hyalina] B88
    |--P. julia (Girault 1927) [=Podagrionella julia] B88
    |--P. koebelei Crawford 1912 [incl. P. dolichurum Cockerell 1930, P. grotii Girault 1915] B88
    |--P. magniclavum (Girault 1913) [=*Pachytomoidella magniclavus] B88
    |--P. mantidiphagum Girault 1917 GM79
    |--P. metatarsum Girault 1929 B88
    |--P. nigriclava Dodd 1917 B88
    |--P. obscurum (Westwood 1847) [=Palmon obscurus] B88
    |--P. olenus (Walker 1839) [=Palmon olenus] B88
    |--P. pavo Girault 1915 B88
    |--P. pax Girault 1915 B88
    |--P. risbeci (Cockerell 1930) [=Pachytomus risbeci] B88
    |--P. virescens Strand 1911 B88
    |--P. washingtoni Girault 1915 B88
    `--P. worcesteri Girault 1913 [=*Propodagrion worcesteri] B88

Podagrion Spinola 1811 [=Podagrium Schulz 1906; incl. Bactyrischion Costa 1857, Blephonira Holmgren 1868, Cleptimorpha Walker 1872, Cyanostola Saussure 1890, Notopodion Dahlbom 1857, Notopodium Schulz 1906, Pachytomoidella Girault 1913, Pachytomus Westwood 1847, Palmon Dalman 1825, Priomerus Walker 1833, Propodagrion Girault 1915] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Tanaostigmodes

Pigeon-pea pod wasp Tanaostigmodes cajaninae, from here.

Belongs within: Tanaostigmatidae.

Tanaostigmodes is a genus of wasps that develop in galls on legumes (particularly the pods), either as inquilines or causing the gall themselves (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Hind femur without distinct tooth; female scape either narrow and barely expanded at apex or more or less expanded but then broadest near the middle; male antenna without branches.

Tanaostigmodes Ashmead 1896 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*T. howardii B88
    |--T. ajax (Girault 1915) [=*Miscogasteromorpha ajax] B88
    |--T. albiclavus Girault 1917 [=Taneostigmodes albiclavus] G17
    |--‘*Tanaoneura’ ashmeadi B88
    |--T. bifasciatifrons Girault 1915 [=Taneostigmodes (l. c.) bifasciatifrons] B88
    |--T. cajaninae LaSalle in Lateef, Reed & LaSalle 1985 B88
    |--T. eja (Girault 1921) [=Miscogasteromorpha eja] B88
    |--T. eupelmiformis (Girault 1915) [=Miscogasteromorpha eupelmiformis] B88
    |--T. globosus Girault 1915 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--‘*Monopleurothrix’ kiefferi B88
    |--T. megalarus (Walker 1838) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--T. semarginatus MH11
    |--T. tychii Ashmead 1896 GM79
    `--T. velasquezi (Girault 1933) [=*Saavedra velasquezi] B88

Tanaostigmodes Ashmead 1896 [=Taneostigmodes (l. c.); incl. Miscogasteromorpha Girault 1915, Monopleurothrix Mayr 1905, Saavedra Girault 1933, Tanaoneura Howard 1897] B88

Tanaostigmodes globosus Girault 1915 [=Taneostigmodes (l. c.) globosus; incl. Taneostigmodes (l. c.) globosus novus Girault 1915] B88

Tanaostigmodes megalarus (Walker 1838) [=Eulophus megalarus, Ericydnus megalarus; incl. Pteromalus chryscus Walker 1839, Er. chryscus] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Toryminae

Female Torymoides kiesenwetteri, photographed by El Gritche.

Belongs within: Chalcidoidea.
Contains: Monodontomerini, Podagrion, Torymini.

The Toryminae as recognised herein was supported as monophyletic in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Chalcidoidea by Heraty et al. (2013); it had been treated as two separate subfamilies Toryminae and Monodontomerinae by Bouček (1988). The majority of members of this clade are parasitic; many are metallic in coloration. Members of the Podagrionini and Chrysochalcissini have enlarged hind femora with a number of ventral teeth; a single ventral tooth may be present on a less enlarged hind femur in Monodontomerini and Microdontomerini. The Podagrionini are parasites of mantis oothecae (Bouček 1988).

<==Toryminae [Monodontomerinae, Torymoidini]
    |  i. s.: Odopoia Walker 1871 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |           |--*O. atra B88
    |           |--O. dentatinota (Girault 1925) [=*Australtorymus dentatinotus; incl. *Ua maria Girault 1929] B88
    |           |--O. josephinae Bouček 1988 B88
    |           `--O. philippiae [=*Pauliana philippiae] B88
    |--Chalcimerus [Chalcimerini] B88
    |    `--C. borceai HB13
    |--+--Platykula albihirta MH11
    |  `--Boucekinus tatianae MH11
    `--+--Glyphomerus stigma HB13
       `--+--+--Monodontomerini HB13
          |  `--+--Palachiini HB13
          |     |    |--Palachia hayati MH11
          |     |    `--Propalachia borneana HB13
          |     `--Podagrionini [Podagrioninae] HB13
          |          |  i. s.: Pachytomoides Girault 1913 B88
          |          |           |--*P. mirus Girault 1913 B88
          |          |           |--P. bicinctus Girault 1929 B88
          |          |           |--P. frater Girault 1915 B88
          |          |           `--P. queenslandicus Girault 1913 B88
          |          |--Podagrionella Girault 1913 MH11, B88 [incl. Iridophaga Picard 1933 B88]
          |          |    |--*P. bella Girault 1913 B88
          |          |    |--P. blepharodesi [=Podagrion blepharodesi, Iridophaga blepharodesi] B88
          |          |    |--P. empusae [=Podagrion empusae, Iridophaga empusae] B88
          |          |    |--P. korsakowi [=Iridophaga korsakowi] B88
          |          |    `--P. lichtensteini [=*Iridophaga lichtensteini] B88
          |          `--+--Propachytomoides Girault 1917 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
          |             |    |--*P. semialbiclavus Girault 1917 B88
          |             |    |--P. fasciatipennis (Girault 1914) [=*Podagrionella fasciatipennis] B88
          |             |    |--P. pentlandensis (Girault 1913) [=Podagrionella pentlandensis] B88
          |             |    `--P. spilopterion (Cameron 1912) [=Podagrion spilopterion, Propodagrion spilopterion] B88
          |             `--+--Mantiphaga MH11
          |                `--Podagrion MH11
          `--+--+--Torymini HB13
             |  `--Pseudotorymus sapphyrinus HB13
             `--+--Echthrodape Burks 1969 HB13, B88 [Echthrodapinae]
                |    |--*E. africana B88
                |    `--E. papuana Bouček 1988 B88
                `--Microdontomerini [Erimerinae, Erimerini] HB13
                     |  i. s.: Hyperimerus Girault 1917 G17
                     |         `--*H. corvus Girault 1917 G17
                     |--+--Idarnotorymus pulcher HB13
                     |  `--Pseuderimerus HB13
                     |       |--P. luteus MH11
                     |       `--+--P. burgeri MH11
                     |          `--Erimerus wickhami MH11
                     `--+--Microdontomerus MH11
                        `--+--Chrysochalcissini B88
                           |    |--Oopristus B88
                           |    `--Chrysochalcissa Girault 1915 MH11, B88
                           |         `--*C. olivacea Girault 1915 B88
                           `--+--Torymoides Walker 1871 MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
                              |    |--*T. amabilis B88
                              |    |--T. acaciae (Cameron 1912) [=Callimone (l. c. for Callimome) acaciae B88
                              |    |--T. aligherini (Girault 1927) [=Macrodontomerus aligherini] B88
                              |    |--T. antipoda (Kirby 1883) [=Callimome antipoda] B88
                              |    |--‘*Dimeromicrus’ ashmeadi B88
                              |    |--T. atricornis (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus atricornis] B88
                              |    |--T. australiensis (Girault 1913) [=Dimeromicrus australiensis] B88
                              |    |--T. capricornis (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus capricornis] B88
                              |    |--T. cinctiventris (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus cinctiventris] B88
                              |    |--T. daonus (Walker 1838) [=Callimome daonus] B88
                              |    |--‘*Didactyliocerus’ dispar B88
                              |    |--T. eucalypti (Ashmead 1900) [=Torymus eucalypti] B88
                              |    |--T. iole (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus iole] B88
                              |    |--T. justitia (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus justitia] B88
                              |    |--T. kiesenwetteri (Mayr 1875) (see below for synonymy) B88
                              |    |--T. osinius (Walker 1839) [=Callimome osinius] B88
                              |    |--T. semisanguineus (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus semisanguineus] B88
                              |    |--T. triangularis (Girault 1913) [=Macrodontomerus triangularis] B88
                              |    |--T. unguttatipennis (Girault 1915) [=Macrodontomerus unguttatipennis] B88
                              |    |--T. unimaculatus (Girault 1913) [=*Macrodontomerus unimaculatus] B88
                              |    `--T. vibidia (Walker 1839) [=Callimome vibidia] B88
                              `--+--Eridontomerus Crawford 1907 HB13, GM79
                                 |    `--E. arrabonicus MH11
                                 `--Ditropinotus MH11

Odopoia Walker 1871 [incl. Australtorymus Girault 1925, Pauliana Risbec 1952, Ua Girault 1929; Odopoiini] B88

Propachytomoides Girault 1917 MH11, B88 [incl. Podagrionella Girault 1914 non Girault 1913 B88]

Torymoides Walker 1871 MH11, B88 [incl. Didactyliocerus Masi 1916 B88, Dimeromicrus Crawford 1910 B88, Macrodontomerus Girault 1913 B88]

Torymoides kiesenwetteri (Mayr 1875) [=Holaspis kiesenwetteri, Dimeromicrus kiesenwetteri] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Eucharitidae

Ovipositing Orasema, photographed by Alex Wild.

Belongs within: Perilampidae.
Contains: Eucharitinae.

The Eucharitidae are a group of wasps parasitic on ants. Like the closely related Perilampidae, eggs are not laid directly on the host; instead, they are laid amongst vegetation and hatch into mobile planidium larvae that then actively seek out a suitable host.

Synapomorphies (from Heraty et al. 2013): Axillae fused, forming a united transverse band such that scutellum is separated from trans-scutal articulation; transepimeral division absent; metascutellar arm less than half length of lateral panel but forming a convex flange and not reduced to a carina; propodeal spiracle circular; metapleural–propodeal supracoxal flange absent; uncus of fore wing absent; apex of protibial spur without a cleft; fore basitarsus without a comb of setae; petiole surface completely fused ventrally with no suture present; cercus flattened and button-like; ovipositor valvulae expanded.

Eucharitidae [Eucharidae, Eucharidinae] MH11
    |--Akapala Girault 1934 HB13, B88 [Akapalinae]
    |    |--A. astriaticeps (Girault 1926) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |    `--A. rudis (Westwood 1874) [=Schizaspidia rudis] B88
    `--Gollumiellinae HB13
         |--Gollumiella Hedqvist 1978 MH11, B88
         |    |--*G. longipetiolata B88
         |    |--G. antennata MH11
         |    `--G. buffingtoni HB13
         `--+--Anorasema Bouček 1988 HB13, B88
            |    `--*A. pallidipes (Cameron 1909) [=Eucharis pallidipes] B88
            `--+--Eucharitinae HB13
               `--Oraseminae HB13
                    |--Parasemora B88
                    `--Orasema Cameron 1884 (see below for synonymy) B88
                         |  i. s.: *O. stramineipes B88
                         |         O. assectator B88
                         |         O. gemma Girault 1932 B88
                         |         O. palgravei Girault 1922 B88
                         |         O. purpureoventris (Cameron 1909) (see below for synonymy) B88
                         |         O. theocles (Walker 1839) (see below for synonymy) B88
                         |         O. valgius (Walker 1839) (see below for synonymy) B88
                         |         ‘*Eucharomorpha’ worcesteri Girault 1913 B88
                         |--O. glabra MH11
                         |--+--O. synempora MH11
                         |  `--Orasemorpha Bouček 1988 MH11, B88 [=Eucharomorpha Girault 1913 non Girault 1913 B88]
                         |       |--*O. viridis (Girault 1913) [=*Eucharomorpha viridis] B88
                         |       |--O. bidentata (Girault 1940) [=Eucharomorpha bidentata] B88
                         |       |--O. dubia (Girault 1913) [=Eucharomorpha dubia] B88
                         |       |--O. eribotes (Walker 1839) (see below for synonymy) B88
                         |       |--O. fuscipes (Girault 1913) [=Eucharomorpha fuscipes] B88
                         |       |--O. goethei (Girault 1934) [=Eucharomorpha goethei] B88
                         |       |--O. partiglabra (Girault 1940) [=Eucharomorpha partiglabra] B88
                         |       |--O. pyttalus (Walker 1846) [=Eucharis pyttalus] B88
                         |       |--O. tridentata (Girault 1915) [=Eucharomorpha tridentata] B88
                         |       |--O. varidentata (Girault 1936) [=Eucharomorpha varidentata] B88
                         |       |--O. wheeleri (Brues 1934) [=Eucharomorpha wheeleri] B88
                         |       `--O. xeniades (Walker 1839) [=Eucharis xeniades] B88
                         `--+--+--+--O. communis MH11
                            |  |  `--Timioderus HB13
                            |  |       |--T. acuminatus HB13
                            |  |       |--T. peridentatus MH11
                            |  |       `--T. refringens MH11
                            |  `--Indosema indica HB13
                            `--+--+--O. simulatrix HB13
                               |  `--O. texana MH11
                               `--+--O. coloradensis MH11
                                  `--+--O. delicatula (Walker 1862) MH11, B88 (see below for synonymy)
                                     `--O. simplex MH11

Akapala astriaticeps (Girault 1926) [=Kapala astriaticeps; incl. *Akapala astriaticeps Girault 1934 non Kapala astriaticeps Girault 1926] B88

Orasema Cameron 1884 [incl. Eucharomorpha Girault 1913, Semora Cameron 1910, Semorata Strand 1947, Semorella Ghesquière 1946] B88

Orasema delicatula (Walker 1862) MH11, B88 [=Eucharis delicatula B88, Psilogaster delicatula B88]

Orasema purpureoventris (Cameron 1909) [=Eucharis purpureoventris, Gollumiella purpureoventris; incl. Parapsilogaster laeviceps Gahan 1940, Losbanus laeviceps, Psilogaster nishidai Ishii & Nagasawa 1958, L. nishidai, L. peterseni Hedqvist 1978] B88

Orasema theocles (Walker 1839) [=Eucharis theocles, Psilogaster theocles; incl. Orasema emma Girault 1934] B88

Orasema valgius (Walker 1839) [incl. Eucharis valgius, Epimetagea valgius, Parapsilogaster valgius, Psilogasteroides valgius; incl. Orasema pheidolophaga Girault 1913] B88

Orasemorpha eribotes (Walker 1839) [=Eucharis eribotes, Epimetagea eribotes, Psilogasteroides eribotes] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Eucharitinae

Specimen of Substilbula pallidiclava (missing gaster), photographed by John M. Heraty.

Belongs within: Eucharitidae.
Contains: Tricoryna, Austeucharis, Chalcura, Schizaspidia.

The Eucharitinae are a group of wasps in which many species of which have the scutellum strongly produced apically.

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Male antennae often with branches; pronotum dorsally strongly shortened and mostly concealed by the head; prepectus evidently fused with pronotum, although fusion sometimes indicated as a groove or carina; axillae well developed; scutellum often apically produced.

<==Eucharitinae [Eucharissinae] B88
    |--Psilocharitini HB13
    |    |--‘Psilocharis’ afra MH11
    |    `--+--Neolosbanus HB13
    |       |    |--N. palgravei MH11
    |       |    `--N. purpureoventris MH11
    |       `--Psilocharis MH11
    |            |--P. pacifica MH11
    |            `--P. theocles MH11
    `--Eucharitini HB13
         |--+--Neostilbula ranomafanae MH11
         |  `--Pseudometagea HB13
         |       |--P. montana MH11
         |       `--+--P. bakeri MH11
         |          `--P. schwarzii MH11
         `--+--+--Galearia MH11
            |  |    |--G. bruchi MH11
            |  |    `--G. latreillei HB13
            |  `--+--Kapala Cameron 1884 HB13, GM79
            |     |    `--K. floridana MH11
            |     `--Colocharis napoana MH11
            `--+--+--Ancylotropus HB13
               |  |    |  i. s.: A. manipurensis [=Schizaspidia manipurensis, Stilbula manipurensis] B88
               |  |    |--A. cariniscutis MH11
               |  |    `--+--A. montanus MH11
               |  |       `--Eucharissa natalica MH11
               |  `--+--Schizaspidia MH11
               |     `--Saccharissa Kirby 1886 MH11, B88
               |          |--*S. contigens (Walker 1862) [=Eucharis contigens, S. contingens Kirby 1886] B88
               |          |--S. alcocki MH11
               |          |--S. latifurca Bouček 1988 B88
               |          `--S. vicina [=Schizaspidia vicina] B88
               `--+--Eucharis HB13
                  |    |--E. adscendens B88
                  |    `--E. albipennis MH11
                  `--+--+--Obeza MH11
                     |  `--Lophyrocera HB13
                     |       |--L. pretendens MH11
                     |       `--L. variabilis MH11
                     `--+--Pseudochalcura HB13
                        |    |--P. gibbosa HB13
                        |    `--P. prolata MH11
                        `--Substilbula Bouček 1988 MH11, B88
                             |--*S. bidentata (Girault 1913) [=Stilbula bidentata] B88
                             |--S. albipennis (Girault 1929) [=Stilbula albipennis] B88
                             |--S. australiana (Girault 1913) [=Stilbula australiana] B88
                             `--S. pallidiclava (Girault 1934) [=Stilbula pallidiclava] B88

Eucharitinae incertae sedis:
  Psilogastrellus Ghesquière 1946 [=Psilogaster Blanchard 1840 non R.L. 1817; incl. Pachyeucharis] B88
  Striostilbula Bouček 1988 B88
    `--*S. quadridigitata (Girault 1929) [=Stilbula quadridigitata] B88
  Thoracanthoides Girault 1928 B88
    `--*T. albispina Girault 1928 B88
  Parapsilogastrus Ghesquière 1946 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*P. fausta (Walker 1839) (see below for synonymy) B88
    `--P. ulyanovi (Girault 1940) [=Epimetagea ulyanovi] B88
  Propsilogaster Girault 1940 B88
    |--*P. biclavata Girault 1940 B88
    `--P. alcicornis Bouček 1988 B88
  Rhipipalloidea Girault 1934 B88
    |--*R. mira Girault 1934 [=Rhipipallus mirus] B88
    `--R. gruberi Girault 1940 [=Rhipipallus gruberi] B88
  Stilbuloida Bouček 1988 B88
    |--*S. doddi (Bingham 1906) [=Schizaspidia doddi] B88
    `--S. calomyrmecis (Brues 1934) [=Schizaspidia calomyrmecis] B88
  Losbanus Ishii 1932 B88
    |--*L. uichancoi B88
    |--L. antennatus (Gahan 1940) [=Psilogaster antennata] B88
    `--L. minutus Bouček 1988 B88
  Stilbula Spinola 1811 [incl. Eltolada Cameron 1909] B88
    |--*S. cyniformis [=Ichneumon cyniformis] B88
    |--S. albipetiole Girault 1929 B88
    |--S. arenae Girault 1934 B88
    |--S. brunneipetiole (Girault 1934) [=Epimetagea brunneipetiole] B88
    |--S. octodigitata Girault 1929 B88
    |--S. peduncularis Westwood 1874 B88
    |--S. polyrhachicida [=Schizaspidia polyrhachicida] B88
    |--S. quinqueguttata (Girault 1915) [=Schizaspidia quinqueguttata] B88
    |--S. toga Girault 1937 B88
    `--‘*Eltolada’ trimaculata B88
  Tricoryna B88
  Austeucharis B88
  Chalcura B88

Parapsilogastrus Ghesquière 1946 [=Parapsilogaster Girault 1915 non Bigot 1882, Psilogasteroides Girault 1913 non Brethes 1910] B88

*Parapsilogastrus fausta (Walker 1839) [=Eucharis fausta, Epimetagea faustus (l. c.), *Parapsilogaster fausta, *Psilogasteroides fausta; incl. Epimetagea phidiasae Girault 1940] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.

Tetrastichus

Tetrastichus howardi, from here.

Belongs within: Tetrastichinae.

Tetrastichus is a cosmopolitan genus of parasitic wasps, with known hosts including Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and phytophagous Hymenoptera (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Clypeal margin bilobed; scutellum with two pairs of setae, anterior pair removed from front border; submarginal vein with one or 2 dorsal bristles only; propodeum mesad of spiracle with an inverted V-shaped carina, i.e. with plica which behind middle sends off a branch towards the postero-lateral corner, propodeum medially never very short, usually reticulate.

<==Tetrastichus Haliday 1844 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--T. miser [incl. Cirrospilus attalus, *T. attalus] B88
    |--T. aenellus (Girault 1915) [=*Pseudomphaloides aenella, *P. aenellus] B88
    |--T. aethiops A71
    |--T. agrili Crawford 1914 GM79
    |--T. arnoldi (Girault 1913) [=*Ceratoneuromyia arnoldi] B88
    |--T. asparagi A71
    |--T. atriclavus B88
    |--T. autonae (Walker 1839) [=Eulophus autonae] B88
    |--T. brontispae (Ferrière 1933) [=Tetrastichodes brontispae] B88
    |--T. coeruleus (Bingham 1906) [=Microterys coeruleus] B88
    |--T. culex G37
    |--T. ennii Girault 1936 B88
    |--T. fasciatus Ashmead 1894 B88
    |--T. flocci (Ashmead 1887) GM79 [incl. T. californicus Ashmead 1887 G30, GM79]
    |--T. giffardianus Silvestri 1915 B88
    |--T. halidayi B88
    |--T. hippasus (Walker 1839) [=Cirrospilus hippasus] B88
    |--T. hispidivertex (Girault 1936) [=*Redinia hispidivertex] B88
    |--T. holbeini Girault 1917 G17a
    |--T. howardi (Olliff 1893) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--T. impexus Girault 1917 G17a
    |--T. inferens B88
    |--T. kurandensis (Girault 1913) [=Aprostocetus kurandensis, Neomphaloidella kurandensis] B88
    |--T. laddi Girault 1913 B88
    |--T. longiscaposus Bouček 1988 [=Ceratoneuromyia longiscapus Girault 1913 non T. longiscapus Thomson 1878] B88
    |--T. longiscapus Thomson 1878 B88
    |--T. malacosomae Girault 1917 GM79
    |--T. mandanis A71
    |--T. metallicus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloidella metallica] B88
    |--T. microcosmus Girault 1917 G17b [=T. granulatus (Ashmead 1888) (preoc.) G17b, GM79]
    |--T. microrhopalae Ashmead 1896 GM79 [incl. T. chlamydis Ashmead 1896 G30, GM79]
    |--T. mittagongensis Girault 1913 B88
    |--T. poincarei Girault 1913 B88
    |--T. productus Ril. 1885 GM79 (see below for synonymy)
    |--T. punctatifacies Girault 1926 B88
    |--T. repulsus Girault 1917 G17a
    |--T. ruskini (Girault 1915) [=Ceratoneuromyia ruskini] B88
    |--T. stylatus (Girault 1915) [=Neomphaloides stylatus] B88
    |--T. thanisimi Ashmead 1893 GM79
    `--T. theclae (Pck. 1881) GM79 [incl. T. tibialis (Ashmead 1894) G30, GM79]

Tetrastichus Haliday 1844 (nom. cons.) non Walker 1842 (nom. rej.) [incl. Ceratoneuromyia Girault 1913, Pseudomphaloides Girault 1915, Redinia Girault 1936, Solenoderus] B88

Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff 1893) [=Euplectus (l. c.) howardi, Euplectrus howardi; incl. Tetastichus ayyari Rohwer 1921, Aprostocetus israeli Mani & Kurian 1953] B88

Tetrastichus productus Ril. 1885 GM79 [incl. T. racemariae Ashmead 1886 G30, GM79, T. rosae Ashmead 1886 G30, GM79]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72-77).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones stellarum novarum. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 80-101).

[G30] Girault, A. A. 1930. New pests from Australia. VIII. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 273-277).

[G37] Girault, A. A. 1937. New naturals, unorthodoxies and non-pollutions, viz. new hexapods. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 326-328).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

Neotrichoporoides

Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus, photographed by Stephen Thorpe.

Belongs within: Tetrastichinae.

Neotrichoporoides is a genus of wasps found primarily in tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World, with some species found in temperate regions and South America. Larvae are mostly associated with Diptera boring in stiff-stemmed grasses (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body almost always over 1 mm length, rather parallel-sided. Vertex with line of weak sderolisation connecting front margins of all 3 ocelli and lateral ocellus with eye. Malar sulcus widening into triangular fovea below eye, rarely without fovea (e.g. N. emersoni). Antennae fairly long and slender, with 4 anelli; first funicular segment in female more than twice as long as broad, mostly all 3 segments elongate; in male scape with long ventral plaque either along most of scape or its distal half. Thorax long and dorsally rather horizontal, on mesoscutum and scutellum with elongate engraved reticulation, its meshes not very small. Mid lobe of scutum with 1 to 3 rows of adnotaular setae. Submedian grooves of scutellum distinct, parallel, not wide apart; apical (admarginal) groove expanding laterally but not connected with submedian grooves. Propodeum subhorizontal, with median carina and distinct, raised, wide-meshed reticulation. Forewing with marginal vein longer than costal cell, at least 6 times as long as the short oblique stigmal vein; postmarginal vein always rudimental; submarginal vein with several dorsal bristles. One of cercal bristles distinctly longer than others and kinked.

<==Neotrichoporoides Girault 1913 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*N. uniguttatus Girault 1913 [=*Neotrichaporoides uniguttatus; incl. *Tetrastichomorpha flava Girault 1913] B88
    |--N. aeneicorpus (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Tetrastichomorpha aeneicorpus] B88
    |--N. aeneus (Girault 1913) [=*Trichaporoidella aenea; incl. T. decora Girault 1913, Neotrichoporoides decorus] B88
    |--‘Aprostoceroloides’ annapolis Girault 1917 G17
    |--N. bicolor (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichomorpha bicolor] B88
    |--N. dubius (Girault 1913) [=Trichaporoidella dubia] B88
    |--N. elegantus (Girault 1913) [=Trichaporoidella eleganta] B88
    |--N. emersoni (Girault 1915) [=*Epiquadrastichus emersoni] B88
    |--N. flavipronotum Girault 1915 [=Neotrichaporoides flavipronotum] B88
    |--N. frater Girault 1915 [=Neotrichaporoides frater] B88
    |--N. leopardinus [=Ceratoneura leopardina] B88
    |--N. maupassanti (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella maupassanti] B88
    |--N. mediterraneus Graham 1986 B88
    |--N. pallidipes (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epomphaloides pallidipes] B88
    |--N. particolor (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella particolor] B88
    |--N. partiscutellum (Girault 1913) [=Tetrastichomorpha partiscutellum] B88
    |--N. pessulus (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella pessulus] B88
    |--N. proserpinensis (Girault 1913) [=Ootetrastichus proserpinensis] B88
    |--N. purpureithorax (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--N. radius (Girault 1915) [=Trichaporoidella radius] B88
    |--N. semiflaviceps (Girault & Dodd in Girault 1915) [=Epomphaloides semiflaviceps] B88
    |--N. speciosus (Girault 1913) [=*Aprostoceroloides speciosus] B88
    |--N. subaeneus (Girault 1913) [=Trichaporoidella subaenea] B88
    `--‘*Burksia’ viridimaculata B88

Neotrichoporoides Girault 1913 [=Neotrichaporoides Girault 1913; incl. Aprostoceroloides Girault 1913, Burksia Fullaway 1955, Epiquadrastichus Girault 1915, Paraprostocetus Girault 1915, Tetrastichomorpha Girault 1913, Trichaporoidella Girault 1913] B88

Neotrichoporoides purpureithorax (Girault 1915) [=*Paraprostocetus purpureithorax, Aprostocetus purpureithoracis Bouček 1988] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17] Girault, A. A. 1917. Chalcidoidea nova Marilandensis. II. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 114-115).

Euplectrus

Larvae of Euplectrus on a noctuid caterpillar, from Entomart.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Euplectrus is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps developing as gregarius ectoparasites of caterpillars (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Pronotum rather short, dorsally with a fine transverse carina. Scutellum lacking longitudinal grooves, sculpture mostly rather fine or almost smooth. Hind tibia with elongate spurs.

<==Euplectrus Westwood 1832 B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--*E. maculiventris B88
    |--E. agaristae Crawford 1911 B88
    |--E. australiensis Ashmead 1900 B88
    |--E. bicolor HB13
    |--E. cairnsenses Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. cariniscutum Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. immargiventris Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. kurandaensis Girautl 1913 B88
    |--E. laphygmae B88
    |--E. leucotrophis Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. lutheri Girault 1924 B88
    |--E. marginatus Ashmead 1885 GM79
    |--E. melanocephalus Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. migneti Girault 1936 B88 [=Euplectrue (l. c.) migneti G36]
    |--E. pachyscapha Girault 1917 G17a
    |--E. platyhypenae Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. platypenae Howard 1885 GM79
    |--E. pullipes Girault 1915 B88
    |--E. scotti Girault 1913 B88
    |--E. semimarginatus Girault 1917 G17b
    |--E. seminigrifemur Girault 1924 B88
    `--E. xanthocephalus Girault 1913 B88

Euplectrus Westwood 1832 B88 [=Euplectrue (l. c.) G37; incl. Diplectron Dahlbom 1857 B88, Heteroscapus Brèthes 1918 B88, Pachyscapha Howard 1897 B88, Rekabia Cameron 1904 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. New chalcid flies. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 72-77).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[G36] Girault, A. A. 1936. Terror-errors; and novitates of Pterygota (or earth realities not state-bound). Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 322-325).

[G37] Girault, A. A. 1937. New naturals, unorthodoxies and non-pollutions, viz. new hexapods. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 326-328).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[HB13] Heraty, J. M., R. A. Burks, A. Cruaud, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Liljeblad, J. Munro, J.-Y. Rasplus, G. Delvare, P. Janšta, A. Gumovsky, J. Huber, J. B. Woolley, L. Krogmann, S. Heydon, A. Polaszek, S. Schmidt, D. C. Darling, M. W. Gates, J. Mottern, E. Murray, A. D. Molin, S. Triapitsyn, H. Baur, J. D. Pinto, S. van Noort, J. George & M. Yoder. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Cladistics 29: 466-542.

Platyplectrus

Platyplectrus sp., from here.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Platyplectrus is a genus of wasps developing as solitary or gregarious ectoparasites of caterpillars (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Scutellum with sublateral grooves; propodeum with large undivided submedian areas, single median carina behind basal cup; hind tibia with two distinct spurs, the outer shorter than the inner; first tergite of normal size.

<==Platyplectrus Ferrière 1941 [incl. Autoplectrus Gadd 1945, Trichoplectrus Erdös 1951] B88
    |--*P. natadae B88
    |--P. aereiceps (Girault 1915) [=Euplectromorpha aereiceps] B88
    |--P. aligheri (Girault 1923) [=Euplectromorpha aligheri] B88
    |--P. cadaverosus (Girault 1928) [=Euplectromorpha cadaverosa] B88
    |--P. magniventris (Girault 1915) B88 (see below for synonymy)
    |--P. nigrifemur (Girault 1913) [=Euplectrus nigrifemur, Euplectromorpha nigrifemur] B88
    |--P. rugulosus (Girault 1928) [=Euplectromorpha rugulosa] B88
    |--P. salomonis (Ferrière 1941) [=Euplectromorpha salomonis] B88
    |--‘Euplectromorpha (*Trichoplectrus)’ szepligetii B88
    |--‘*Autoplectrus’ taprobanes B88
    |--P. variegatus (Girault 1915) [=Euplectromorpha variegata] B88
    `--P. variicolor (Dodd 1917) [=Euplectromorpha variicolor] B88

Platyplectrus magniventris (Girault 1915) B88 [=Euplectromorpha magniventris B88, E. margiventris (l. c.) G33; incl. E. magniventris chinderaensis Girault 1915 B88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G33] Girault, A. A. 1933. Some beauties inhabitant not of commercial boudoirs but of Nature’s bosom, notably new insects. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 299-303).

Cirrospilus

Female Cirrospilus vittatus, from HymIS.

Belongs within: Eulophinae.

Cirrospilus is a cosmopolitan genus of wasps developing as parasites or hyperparasites of leaf-miners, small sheltered larvae, pupae or eggs, often developing in galls on leaves of various plants (Bouček 1988).

Characters (from Bouček 1988): Body mostly with yellow pattern or if thorax completely dark then propodeum distinctly reticulate; male scape rarely enlarged; mesothorax dorsally often raised-reticulate; notaular grooves posteriorly almost straight, ending at inner angles of moderately advanced axillae, i.e. close to scutellar margin; scutellum with submedian and sublateral grooves, hind pair of scutellar bristles close to hind margin of scutellum; postmarginal vein hardly ever longer than stigmal vein; petiole very short.

<==Cirrospilus Westwood 1832 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--*C. elegantissimus Westwood 1832 B88
    |--C. aeneipropodeum (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella aeneipropodeum] B88
    |--C. aeneus (Girault 1929) [=Gyrolasella aenea] B88
    |--C. aereiguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella aereiguttata] B88
    |--C. arnoldi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma arnoldi] B88
    |--C. atoposomoides (Girault 1915) [=Atoposoma atoposomoides] B88
    |--C. atripropodeum (Girault 1926) [=Pseudiglyphomyia atripropodeum] B88
    |--C. bifasciatifrons (Girault 1916) [=Gyrolasella bifasciatifrons] B88
    |--C. biguttatus (Girault 1913) [=*Pseudiglyphomyia biguttata] B88
    |--C. bioculativentris (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella bioculativentris] B88
    |--C. bracteatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella bracteata] B88
    |--C. carinatus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudiglyphomyia carinatus] B88
    |--C. channingi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma channingi] B88
    |--C. channingianus Bouček 1988 [=Gyrolasella channingi Girault 1913 non Atoposoma channingi Girault 1913] B88
    |--C. coachellae MH11
    |--‘Pseudiglyphomyia’ columbia Girault 1917 G17b
    |--C. consobrinus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella consobrinus] B88
    |--C. coptodiscae (Girault 1916) GM79
    |--C. diallus B88
    |--C. duplolineatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella duplolineata] B88
    |--C. electus Bouček 1988 [=Gyrolasella elegantissima Girault 1913 non C. elegantissimus Westwood 1832] B88
    |--C. fasciatus (Girault 1913) [=*Gyrolasella fasciata] B88
    |--C. festivus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella festiva] B88
    |--C. flavitibia (Girault 1929) [=*Austrolynx flavitibia] B88
    |--C. fuscus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudiglyphomyia fusca, Cirrospilopsis fuscus] B88
    |--C. gemma (Girault 1916) [=Gyrolasella gemma] B88
    |--C. gracilis (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella gracilis] B88
    |--C. gregi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma gregi] B88
    |--C. grotiusi (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma grotiusi] B88
    |--C. hopkinsi (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella hopkinsi] B88
    |--C. immaculativentris (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella immaculativentris] B88
    |--C. iphigenia (Girault 1939) [=Gyrolasella iphigenia; incl. G. iphigenia var. hyacinthus Girault 1939] B88
    |--C. lanei (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma lanei] B88
    |--C. lateroguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella lateroguttata] B88
    |--C. lineatus (Förster 1841) B88
    |--C. margiscutellum (Girault 1939) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. marilandi Girault 1917 G17a
    |--C. mazzinini (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma mazzinini] B88
    |--C. miriguttatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella miriguttata] B88
    |--C. mirilineatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella mirilineata] B88
    |--C. multipunctum (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella multipunctum] B88
    |--C. nigriscutum (Girault 1915) [=Pseudiglyphomyia nigriscutum] B88
    |--‘Pseudiglyphomyia’ nigrivariegata Girault 1917 G17b
    |--‘*Cirrospilopsis’ nigrivariegatus non Pseudiglyphomyia nigrivariegata Girault 1917 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. occidentalis (Girault 1915) [=Pseudiglyphomyia occidentalis] B88
    |--C. occipitis Girault 1928 B88
    |--‘*Atoposomoidea’ ogimae B88
    |--C. pacis Bouček 1988 [=Gyrolasella pax Girault 1913 non Achrysocharelloidea pax Girault 1913] B88
    |--C. particolor (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella particolor] B88
    |--C. pax (Girault 1913) [=*Achrysocharelloidea pax] B88
    |--C. pulchellus Bouček 1988 (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. pulcher Masi 1911 B88
    |--C. pulcheria Girault 1917 G17b
    |--‘Gyrolasella pulchra’ Girault 1913 non Cirrospilus pulcher Masi 1911 B88
    |--C. quadrifasciatus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella quadrifasciata, Pseudiglyphomyia quadrifasciata] B88
    |--C. quadristriatus (Subba Rao & Ramamani 1966) [=Scotolinx quadristriata] B88
    |--C. rarifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella rarifasciatus] B88
    |--C. rhadius Walker 1839 (n. d.) B88
    |--C. ruskini (Girault 1916) [=Gyrolasella ruskini] B88
    |--C. rusticus (Girault 1913) [=Pseudiglyphomyia rusticus] B88
    |--C. saintpierrei (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma saintpierrei] B88
    |--C. silvae (Girault 1916) [=Pseudiglyphomyia silvae] B88
    |--C. speciosissimus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella speciosissimus] B88
    |--C. speciosus (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella speciosa] B88
    |--C. tau (Girault 1915) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. trilongilineatus (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella trilongilineata] B88
    |--C. unguttatipes (Girault 1915) [=Atoposoma unguttatipes] B88
    |--C. variegatus (Masi 1907) [=*Atoposoma variegatum, Zagrammosoma variegatum] B88
    |--C. varifasciatus (Girault 1915) [=Cirrospilomella varifasciata] B88
    |--C. viridilineatus (Froggatt 1905) (see below for synonymy) B88
    |--C. viridipronotum (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella viridipronotum] B88
    |--C. vittatus [incl. Zagrammosoma nigrolineatum] B88
    |--C. worcesteri (Girault 1913) [=Gyrolasella worcesteri] B88
    `--C. zolai (Girault 1913) [=Atoposoma zolai] B88

‘*Cirrospilopsis’ nigrivariegatus non Pseudiglyphomyia nigrivariegata Girault 1917 [=*Giraultia nigrivariegata] B88

Cirrospilus Westwood 1832 [incl. Achrysocharelloidea Girault 1913, Atoposoma Masi 1907, Atoposomoidea Howard 1910, Austrolynx Girault 1929, Cirrospilopsis Girault 1915 non Brethes 1913, Giraultia Gahan & Fagan 1923, Gyrolasella Girault 1913, Parzagrammosoma Girault 1916, Plesiospilus] B88

Cirrospilus margiscutellum (Girault 1939) [=Gyrolasella margiscutellum; incl. G. trifasciatifrons Girault 1939, Cirrospilus trifasciatifrons] B88

Cirrospilus pulchellus Bouček 1988 [=Zagrammosoma pulchra Girault 1913 nec Cirrospilus pulcher Masi 1911 nec Gyrolasella pulchra Girault 1913, *Parzagrammosoma pulchra] B88

Cirrospilus tau (Girault 1915) [=Gyrolasella tau; incl. G. lineata Girault 1913 non Cirrospilus lineatus (Förster 1841)] B88

Cirrospilus viridilineatus (Froggatt 1905) [=Coelocyba viridilineata, Gyrolasella viridilineata; incl. *Cirrospilomella fasciata Girault 1913, Cirrospiloidelleus fasciativentris Girault 1913] B88

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).

[G17a] Girault, A. A. 1917a. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. III. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 102-111).

[G17b] Girault, A. A. 1917b. Descriptiones hymenopterorum chalcidoidicarum variorum cum observationibus. V. Privately published (reprinted Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 116-131).

[GM79] Gordh, G., A. S. Menke, E. C. Dahms & J. C. Hall. 1979. The privately printed papers of A. A. Girault. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 28: 1-400.

[MH11] Munro, J. B., J. M. Heraty, R. A. Burks, D. Hawks, J. Mottern, A. Cruaud, J.-Y. Rasplus & P. Jansta. 2011. A molecular phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). PLoS One 6 (11): e27023.