Aturus

Male Aturus sp., from here.

Belongs within: Aturidae.

Aturus is a genus of water mites abundant in Eurasia and North America.

Characters (from Wolcott 1905): Body of the female inverted oval, of male with projecting anterior margin and weakly concave lateral margins, both sexes with a median cleft in the posterior margin, dorsal and ventral plates nearly equal in size; eyes of the two sides only moderately distant from each other; palpi with segment 2 having a long peg-like process at the distal margin of the flexor surface; epimera with only fused epimerae II and III of each side separate from the rest; legs short, without swimming-hairs; genital area at the posterior margin of the ventral chitinous plate, acetabula numerous, scattered along the posterior margin of the body almost to the place of articulation of leg IV and accompanied by a row of hairs, the opening guarded by two plates; the male marked also by the very strongly developed leg IV, of which segsments 4, 5 and 6 are variously modified, and by the possession in certain species of club-shaped hairs at the posterior end of the body on either side of the genital opening.

<==Aturus Kramer 1875 S86
    |--A. andinus Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |--A. barbatulus Viets 1936 VBB91
    |--A. crinitus Thor 1902 VBB91
    |--A. hiatosomus Cook 1967 S86
    |--A. karamani Viets 1936 S86
    |--A. kronestedti Cook 1988 RFF05
    |--A. leligoensis van Rendburg 1971 S86
    |--A. liberorum Habeeb 1959 (n. d.) C91
    |--A. natagensis Protz 1900 VBB91
    |--A. paucisetus Motas & Tanasachi 1946 S86
    |--A. protzi Piersig 1901 GS91
    |--A. pulchellus Biesiadka 1975 S86
    |--A. scaber Kramer 1875 VBB91
    `--A. subterraneus Imamura 1957 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C91] Conroy, J. C. 1991. Acarology—a modern science. In Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 5-16. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[GS91] Gerecke, R., & J. Schwoerbel. 1991. Water quality and water mites (Acari, Actinedida) in the Upper Danube region, 1959-1984. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 483-491. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[RFF05] Rosso de Ferradás, B. & H. R. Fernández. 2005. Elenco y biogeografía de los ácaros acuáticos (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) de Sudamérica. Graellsia 61 (2): 181-224.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[VBB91] Valdecasas, A. G., A. Baltanás & E. Bello. 1991. A preliminary assessment of single rocks for sampling water mites. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 503-507. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Wolcott, R. H. 1905. A review of the genera of the water-mites. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 26: 161-243.

Kongsbergia

Kongsbergia sp., from the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario.

Belongs within: Aturidae.

Kongsbergia is a genus of water mites that are among the dominant mites in stream and spring habitats in temperate Eurasia and North America (Walter et al. 2009).

<==Kongsbergia Thor 1899 S86
    |  i. s.: K. globipalpis Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |         K. largaiolii (Maglio 1909) VBB91
    |--K. (Kongsbergia) S86
    |    |--K. (K.) alata Szalay 1945 [incl. K. pectinata Walter 1947] S86
    |    |--K. (K.) angusta Walter 1947 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) arenaria Angelier 1951 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) bombifrons Szalay 1945 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) callosa Walter 1947 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) clypeata Szalay 1945 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) dentata Walter 1947 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) d-motasi Motas, Tanasachi & Orghidan 1958 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) elliptica Angelier 1950 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) fusiformis Walter 1947 [incl. K. simillima Viets 1949] S86
    |    |--K. (K.) pectinigera Motas & Tanasachi 1946 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) rucira Cook 1967 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) ruttneri Walter 1930 S86
    |    |--K. (K.) simplicipes Walter 1947 S86
    |    `--K. (K.) variabilis Cook 1967 S86
    |--K. (Crocokongsbergia) S86
    |    |--K. (C.) athleta Orghidan & Gruia 1980 S86
    |    `--K. (C.) cooki Orghidan & Gruia 1980 S86
    `--K. (Parakongsbergia Viets 1949) S86
         `-K. (P.) hansvietsi Viets 1949 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[RFF05] Rosso de Ferradás, B. & H. R. Fernández. 2005. Elenco y biogeografía de los ácaros acuáticos (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) de Sudamérica. Graellsia 61 (2): 181-224.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[VBB91] Valdecasas, A. G., A. Baltanás & E. Bello. 1991. A preliminary assessment of single rocks for sampling water mites. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 503-507. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W. & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology, 3rd ed., pp. 233-420. Texas Tech University Press.

Axonopsis

Axonopsis sp., from here.

Belongs within: Aturidae.

Axonopsis is a genus of water mites found in Eurasia and North America.

Characters (from Wolcott 1905): Body oval, with a chitinous covering with a median cleft in the posterior margin; palpi with segment 2 thickened, segment 4 with a convex flexor surface on which, beyond the middle, are two strong hairs borne on small papillae, segment 5 pointed and ending in two small claws; epimera forming an epimeral plate, separated anteriorly by a constriction from the rest of the body, all epimera fused with each other and with the posterior ventral chitin, the anterior ends of epimerae I strongly produced, extending considerably beyond the capitulum, the margins of the anterior epimera serrate and bearing hairs; legs short, II to IV with a few swimming-hairs; genital area at the posterior end of the body, including two plates each with four acetabula; no sexual dimorphism.

<==Axonopsis Piersig 1893 S86
    |  i. s.: A. complanata BK91
    |         A. setonensis WL09
    |--A. (Axonopsis) [incl. Pseudaxonopsis Cook 1963] S86
    |    |--A. (A.) bimaculata Cook 1974 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) cogitatus Biesiadka 1975 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) longipalpis Imamura 1956 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) orghidani Petrova 1967 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) phreaticola Cook 1967 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) sabulonis Cook 1974 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) uchidai Imamura 1956 S86
    |    `--A. (A.) yokotai Imamura 1957 S86
    |--A. (Brachypodopsis Piersig 1903) S86
    |    |--A. (B.) arpeda Cook 1974 S86
    |    |--A. (B.) bicornis Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
    |    |--A. (B.) boutata Cook 1980 RFF05
    |    |--A. (B.) columbicola Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |    |--A. (B.) dapsila Cook 1974 S86
    |    `--A. (B.) kasamensis Imamura 1977 S86
    |--A. (Cubaxonopsis Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981) S86
    |    |--A. (C.) bispinulatus Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
    |    |--A. (C.) cavifrons Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
    |    `--A. (C.) robustipalpis Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
    |--A. (Hexaxonopsis Viets 1926) S86
    |    |--A. (H.) heteropalpis Imamura 1956 S86
    |    |--A. (H.) inferorum Motas & Tanasachi 1947 S86
    |    |--A. (H.) miurai Imamura 1956 S86
    |    |--A. (H.) monstrabilis Biesiadka 1975 S86
    |    |--A. (H.) serrata Walter 1928 S86
    |    `--A. (H.) subterraneus Uchida & Imamura 1953 S86
    |--A. (Navinaxonopsis Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981) S86
    |    `--A. (N.) guajabicus Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
    |--A. (Paraxonopsis Motas & Tanasachi 1947) S86
    |    |--A. (N.) mikawaensis Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--A. (N.) panduvarna Cook 1967 S86
    |    |--A. (N.) pumila Cook 1974 S86
    |    `--A. (N.) vietsi Motas & Tanasachi 1947 S86
    `--A. (Vicinaxonopsis Cook 1974) S86
         |--A. (V.) californica Cook 1974 S86
         |--A. (V.) cooki Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
         |--A. (V.) motasi Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86
         `--A. (V.) solangei Orghidan, Gruia & Iavorschi 1981 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK91] Biesiadka, E., & W. Kowalik. 1991. Water mites (Hydracarina) as indicators of trophy and pollution in lakes. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 475-481. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[RFF05] Rosso de Ferradás, B. & H. R. Fernández. 2005. Elenco y biogeografía de los ácaros acuáticos (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) de Sudamérica. Graellsia 61 (2): 181-224.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W. & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology, pp. 233-420. Texas Tech University Press.

Wolcott, R. H. 1905. A review of the genera of the water-mites. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 26: 161-243.

Feltria

Feltria sp., copyright Andrea J. Radwell & Ian M. Smith.

Belongs within: Neohydrachnidia.

Feltria is a genus of water mites found in springs and streams in Eurasia and North America. Their larvae are parasites of Chironomidae (Walter et al. 2009).

Characters (from Walter et al. 2009): Adults with sclerotisation of dorsum varying from scattered platelets of varying size up to a complete dorsal shield; palptibia lacking a peg-like seta; integument between coxal plates IV and genital field with two pairs of glandularia arranged more or less in a row. Larvae with dorsal and coxal plates, and leg sclerites, conspicuously longitudinally striate; cheliceral bases fused; coxal plates I separate from posterior coxal group on each side; one pair of urstigmata borne distally between coxal plates I-II; coxal plates III rounded posteriorly; legs with five movable segments, leg tarsi bearing paired claws; tibia I bearing seven setae (and two solenidia), lacking Ti10 and Ti11; tarsi I-II bearing ten setae and one solenidion.

<==Feltria Koenike 1892 [Feltriidae]
    |  i. s.: F. anahoffmannae WL09
    |         F. armata Koenike 1902 VBB91
    |         F. minuta Koenike 1892 GS91
    |         F. setigera CS91
    |         F. wyomingensis WL09
    |--F. (Feltria) S86
    |    |--F. (F.) cataphracta Cook 1963 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) conica Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) conjuncta Viets 1953 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) cornuta S86
    |    |    |--F. c. cornuta S86
    |    |    |--F. c. americana Cook 1963 S86
    |    |    |--F. c. longispina S86
    |    |    `--F. c. paucipora Szalay 1946 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) cornutopsis Cook 1963 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) denticulata Angelier 1949 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) disjuncta Walter 1947 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) echinopalpis Cook 1963 S86
    |    |    |--F. e. echinopalpis S86
    |    |    `--F. e. projecta Cook 1970 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) exilis Cook 1970 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) faceta Cook 1963 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) falcicorna Cook 1970 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) fossea van Rendsburg 1971 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) gennada Cook 1963 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) obihiroensis Imamura 1962 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) pectinifera Szalay 1946 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) phreaticola Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--F. (F.) stygophila Waltrer 1947 S86
    |    `--F. (F.) subterranea Viets 1937 S86
    |--F. (Azugofeltria Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--F. (A.) acutipalpis (Habeeb 1954) S86
    |    |--F. (A.) insolita (Walter 1947) S86
    |    |--F. (A.) matsumotoi (Imamura 1959) S86
    |    |--F. (A.) mira (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--F. (A.) miura (Imamura 1957) S86
    |    |--F. (A.) motasi (Schwoerbel 1961) S86
    |    `--F. (A.) testudo (Cook 1970) S86
    |--F. (Feltriella Viets 1930) S86
    |    |--F. (F.) airoloensis van Rendsburg 1971 S86
    |    `--F. (F.) golatensis van Rendsburg 1971 S86
    `--F. (Neofeltria Cook 1963) S86
         |--F. (N.) similis Cook 1963 S86
         `--F. (N.) virginiensis Cook 1963 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[CS91] Cicolani, B., & A. Di Sabatino. 1991. Sensitivity of water mites to water pollution. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 465-474. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[GS91] Gerecke, R., & J. Schwoerbel. 1991. Water quality and water mites (Acari, Actinedida) in the Upper Danube region, 1959-1984. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 483-491. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[VBB91] Valdecasas, A. G., A. Baltanás & E. Bello. 1991. A preliminary assessment of single rocks for sampling water mites. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 503-507. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W. & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology, pp. 233-420. Texas Tech University Press.

Atractides

Male Atractides (Atractides) nodipalpis, copyright Holger Müller.

Belongs within: Hygrobatidae.

Atractides is a genus of water mites found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere, with smaller numbers of species in Africa and South America (Walter et al. 2009).

<==Atractides Koch 1837 S86
    |--A. (Atractides) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) acutirostris S86
    |    |    |--A. a. acutirostris S86
    |    |    `--A. a. gibberimarginatus Viets 1955 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) asticae Petrova 1968 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) brasiliensis (Lundblad 1937) RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) cagiallensis van Rendsburg 1971 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) cerberus Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) cisternarum (Viets 1935) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) denticulatus (Walter 1947) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) elegans (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) firmus (Walter 1947) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) gracilipes (Angelier 1951) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) hyogoensis Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) hyporheicus Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) kotoensis Imamura 1983 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) latipalpis (Motas & Tanasachi 1946) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) latipes (Szalay 1935) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) longiporus Petrova 1967 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) longus (Walter 1947) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) losoensis van Rendsburg 1971 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) magnipalpis van Rendsburg 1971 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) magnirostris (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) microcavaticus Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) microphthalmus (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) miurai Imamura 1956 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) nitraensis Laska 1959 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) nodipalpis (Thor 1899) S86, GS91
    |    |    |--A. n. nodipalpis S86
    |    |    |--A. n. fonticolus (Viets 1920) GS91
    |    |    `--A. n. stygophilus Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) orghidani Motas & Tanasachi 1960 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) phreaticus (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) pilosus Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) plaumanni Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |    |    |--A. p. plaumanni RFF05
    |    |    `--A. p. novus Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) porosus (Lundblad 1936) RFF05
    |    |    |--A. p. porosus RFF05
    |    |    `--A. p. columbianus Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) primitivus (Walter 1947) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) prosiliens (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) psammophilus Schwoerbel 1961 [incl. A. longipes Schwoerbel 1961 non Halbert 1944] S86
    |    |--A. (A.) pumilus (Szalay 1946) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) pygmaeus (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) radilofus Cook 1980 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) rostratus Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) sabulonis Cook 1967 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) schadei (Lundblad 1942) RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) schlienzi Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) schwoerbeli Orghidan & Gruia 1983 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) similis (Angelier 1949) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) sinuatipes Lundblad 1953 RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) sokolowi (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) subterraneus (Viets 1932) S86
    |    |    |--A. s. subterraneus S86
    |    |    |--A. s. japonensis Imamura 1958 S86
    |    |    `--A. s. obovalis (Szalay 1946) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) szalayi (Motas & Tanasachi 1948) S86
    |    |--A. (A.) talinarostris Cook 1967 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) trapeziformis Schwoerbel 1961 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) validipalpis (Lundblad 1937) RFF05
    |    |    |--A. v. validipalpis RFF05
    |    |    `--A. v. crassipes (Lundblad 1942) RFF05
    |    |--A. (A.) wevamus Cook 1980 S86
    |    |--A. (A.) yukii Cook 1967 S86
    |    `--A. (A.) zoldomus Cook 1980 S86
    `--A. (Octomegapus Viets 1926) S86
         |--A. (O.) aioiensis Imamura 1957 S86
         `--A. (O.) biscutatus Cook 1967 S86

Atractides incertae sedis:
  A. distans S86
  A. donipalpis VBB91
    |--A. d. donipalpis VBB91
    `--A. d. robustus (Sokolow 1940) VBB91
  A. grouti WL09
  A. lacustris BK91
  A. octoporus Piersig 1904 GS91
  A. ovalis BK91
  A. pavesii Maglio 1905 GS91
  A. pennatus CS91
  A. polyporus S86
  A. spinipes (Koch 1837) GS91
  A. tembolus WL09

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[BK91] Biesiadka, E., & W. Kowalik. 1991. Water mites (Hydracarina) as indicators of trophy and pollution in lakes. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 475-481. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[CS91] Cicolani, B., & A. Di Sabatino. 1991. Sensitivity of water mites to water pollution. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 465-474. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[GS91] Gerecke, R., & J. Schwoerbel. 1991. Water quality and water mites (Acari, Actinedida) in the Upper Danube region, 1959-1984. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 483-491. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[RFF05] Rosso de Ferradás, B. & H. R. Fernández. 2005. Elenco y biogeografía de los ácaros acuáticos (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) de Sudamérica. Graellsia 61 (2): 181-224.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[VBB91] Valdecasas, A. G., A. Baltanás & E. Bello. 1991. A preliminary assessment of single rocks for sampling water mites. In: Dusbábek, F. & V. Bukva (eds) Modern Acarology: Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of Acarology, held in České Budĕjovice, Czechoslovakia, 6–11 August 1990 vol. 1 pp. 503-507. SPB Academic Publishing: The Hague.

[WL09] Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W. & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology, pp. 233-420. Texas Tech University Press.

Lethaxona

Diagnostic figures of Lethaxona (Eolethaxona) oregonensis, from Cook (1963). Fig. 11: ventral view of male; fig. 16: ventral view of female; fig. 17: distal segments of first leg of male; fig. 18: dorsal view of female.

Belongs within: Aturidae.

Lethaxona is a genus of interstitial mites known from southern Eurasia, eastern Africa and western North America. Lethaxona (Eolethaxona) oregonensis is distinguished from the species in the subgenus Lethaxona sensu stricto by the absence of the sexual dimorphism in palp and leg morphology found in the latter.

Characters (from Valdecasas 2010): Body shape broadly oval; central dorsal plate punctate; first pair of dorsolateral platelets not fused; glandularia present next to insertions of fourth legs; three pairs of acetabula present, arranged in a triangle; male gonopore anterior to acetabula.

Lethaxona Viets 1932 S86
    |  i. s.: L. fonticola Walter & Bader 1952 S86
    |--L. (Lethaxona) S86
    |    |--L. (L.) cavifrons Szalay 1943 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) flexipalpis Cook 1981 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) gallica Angelier 1949 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) heteropalpis Uchida & Imamura 1953 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) hyogoensis Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) kutapalpis Cook 1967 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) mikawensis Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) miurai Imamura 1957 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) morimotoi Imamura 1977 S86
    |    |--L. (L.) panduvarna Cook 1967 S86
    |    `--L. (L.) pygmaea Viets 1932 S86
    `--L. (Eolethaxona Cook 1963) S86
         `--L. (E.) oregonensis Cook 1963 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Cook, D. R. 1963. Studies on the phreaticolous water mites of North America: new or unreported genera of Axonopsidae. American Midland Naturalist 70 (1): 110-125.

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Valdecasas, A. G. 2010. A new genus and species of the family Lethaxonidae (Acari, Parasitengona, Hydrachnidia) from the island of Coiba (Panama). Graellsia 66 (1): 21-28.

Hungarohydracaridae

Ventral view of male of Balcanohydracarus alveolatus (minus capitulum) from Schwoerbel (1986).

Belongs within: Acaromorpha.

The Hungarohydracaridae are a family of strongly armoured freshwater mites found in hyporheic habitats. Hungarohydracarids are mostly Holarctic in distribution.

Characters (from Walter et al. 2009): Dorsal and ventral shields present; palpi uncate with palpfemur bearing two medioventral setae or patch of medial setae; genital acetabula numerous, lying on acetabular plates flanking gonopore in females, confined to gonopore in males.

<==Hungarohydracaridae
    |--Cubanohydracarus Orghidan & Gruia 1980 [Cubanohydracarinae] S86
    |    `--C. elegans Orghidan & Gruia 1980 S86
    |--Balcanohydracarus Motas & Tanasachi 1948 [Balcanohydracarinae] S86
    |    |--B. alveolatus Motas & Tanasachi 1948 S86
    |    `--B. corsicus Angelier 1951 S86
    |--Arenohydracarus Cook 1974 [Arenohydracarinae] S86
    |    |--A. eremitus Cook 1974 S86
    |    |--A. minimus Cook 1974 S86
    |    `--A. pseudominimus Orghidan & Gruia 1983 S86
    `--Hungarohydracarinae S86
         |--Hungarohydracarus Szalay 1943 S86
         |    |--H. indicus Cook 1967 S86
         |    |--H. subterraneus Szalay 1943 S86
         |    |    |--H. s. subterraneus S86
         |    |    |--H. s. italicus Schwoerbel 1961 S86
         |    |    `--H. s. multiporus Angelier 1949 S86
         |    `--H. szalayi Cook 1967 S86
         `--Bharatohydracarus Cook 1967 S86
              |--B. elongatus Cook 1967 S86
              |--B. imamurai Cook 1967 S86
              |--B. japonicus (Imamura 1957) [=Balcanohydracarus japonicus; incl. Ba. latus Imamura 1959] S86
              |--B. orientalis Cook 1967 S86
              |--B. phreaticus Cook 1967 S86
              |--B. schwoerbeli Cook 1967 S86
              `--B. similis Cook 1967 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3rd ed. pp. 233-420. Texas Tech University Press.

Neoacaridae

Unidentified species of Neoacarus, from Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Photography Group.

Belongs within: Acaromorpha.

The Neoacaridae are a family of heavily sclerotised freshwater mites found in North America and Eurasia. The larvae, where known, are parasites of chironomid flies (Walter et al. 2009).

Characters (from Walter et al. 2009): Dorsal and ventral shields present; ventral shield with suture lines between coxal plates III-IV extending posteromedially to genital field regions and well separated from each other medially; no glandularia on coxal plates IV; genital acetabula in single rows on each side, 3-5 pairs lying in gonopore in male, 5-9 pairs flanking gonopore in females; palpi uncate.

<==Neoacaridae
    |--Volsellacarus Cook 1963 S86
    |    |--V. ovalis Cook 1963 S86
    |    `--V. sabulonus Cook 1968 S86
    `--Neoacarus Halbert 1944 S86
         |--N. expansus Cook 1963 S86
         |--N. hibernicus Halbert 1944 S86
         |--N. minimus Cook 1968 S86
         |--N. motasi Cook 1963 S86
         |--N. occidentalis Cook 1968 S86
         |--N. ozarkensis Cook 1963 S86
         `--N. similis Cook 1963 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Walter, D. E., E. E. Lindquist, I. M. Smith, D. R. Cook & G. W. Krantz. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz, G. W., & D. E. Walter (eds) A Manual of Acarology 3rd ed. pp. 233-420. Texas Tech University Press.

Uchidastygacaridae

Unidentified species of Uchidastygacarus, from Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Photography Group.

Belongs within: Acaromorpha.

The Uchidastygacaridae are a family of subterranean freshwater mites found in Asia and North America. They are flattened, with punctate dorsal and ventral shields, and have three pairs of genital acetabula with the third pair triangular and differing in shape from the anterior rounded pairs.

<==Uchidastygacaridae
    |--Morimotacarinae S86
    |    |--Morimotacarus Imamura 1962 S86
    |    |    `--M. wadayamensis Imamura 1962 S86
    |    |--Yachatsia Cook 1963 S86
    |    |    `--Y. mideopsoides Cook 1963 S86
    |    `--Austramideopsoides Cook 1983 [incl. Guineaxonopsis Imamura 1983] S86
    |         |--A. confusus Schwoerbel 1984 S86
    |         |--A. cooki (Imamura 1983) S86
    |         |--A. ramsai Cook 1983 S86
    |         `--A. serratipalpis Cook 1983 S86
    `--Uchidastygacarus Imamura 1956 [Uchidastygacarinae] S86
         |--U. (Uchidastygacarus) S86
         |    |--U. (U.) akitaensis Imamura 1956 S86
         |    |--U. (U.) akiyoshiensis Imamura 1959 S86
         |    |--U. (U.) imamurai Cook 1963 S86
         |    |--U. (U.) palmifer Imamura 1959 S86
         |    |--U. (U.) rotundus Imamura 1956 S86
         |    `--U. (U.) ryukyuensis Imamura 1961 S86
         `--U. (Imamurastygacarus Cook 1974) S86
              |--U. (I.) minutus Imamura 1956 S86
              `--U. (I.) ovalis Cook 1974 S86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[S86] Schwoerbel, J. 1986. Acari: “Hydrachnellae”. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 652-696. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Anomalohalacarus

Diagnostic figures of generalised Anomalohalacarus, from Bartsch (2006).

Belongs within: Halacaridae.

Anomalohalacarus is a genus of slender-bodied marine interstitial mites. Species have been recorded from the North Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Characters (from Bartsch 2006): Idiosoma: Length 200–520 μm. Idiosoma very slender; width less than interval between epimera II and III. Dorsal and ventral plates small, delicate, lacking conspicuous ornamentation. Ocular plates absent or reduced to minute sclerites; corneae lacking. Posterior dorsal plate present; in adults of most species divided longitudinally. One pair of gland pores on anterior dorsal plate, 0–1 pairs of pores in striated integument, 1–2 pairs on posterior dorsal plate. Dorsum with 5–6 pairs of idiosomatic setae; ds-1, ds-2 and ds-4 generally remarkably long; small adanal setae on anal cone. Anterior epimeral plate divided longitudinally in the majority of species (rarely epimera fused in the median); each plate with 3 ventral setae and pair of epimeral pores. Posterior epimeral plate small, with 1 dorsal and 2–3 ventral setae. Female genital plate divided; 2 pairs of perigenital setae on genital plates and 1 pair within striated integument, on a pair of small sclerites or on single median sclerite; genital groove present. Male genitoanal plate large; 7–50 pairs of perigenital setae lateral to genital opening and genital groove; genital sclerites with 3 pairs of subgenital setae. Gnathosoma: Longer than wide. Rostrum slender, parallel-sided; from half as long to almost as long as palps. Both pairs of maxillary setae inserted on rostrum. Four-segmented palps slender, attached laterally and surpassing rostrum. Second palpal segment with 1–2 setae, either a single basal seta or 1 basal and 1 distal seta. Third palpal segment short, with 1 spine. Fourth palpal segment with 3 setae in basal whorl; apically with setula and 2 spurs. Legs: All legs slender; anterior 2 pairs of legs widely separated from posterior ones. Leg I longer than leg II. Genu of leg I only slightly shorter than telofemur and tibia; genua II–IV shorter than adjoining leg segments. Dorsal and lateral setae on legs remarkably long. Basifemora I to IV with (1–)2,(1–)2(–3),1–2,0 setae, respectively. Tibia I ventrally with 0–2 short spurs, 0–2 delicately pectinated setae and 3–5 smooth setae; tibiae II–IV with 2–3,2–3,2 ventral setae, 1–3 of these setae bipectinate. Tarsus I with enlarged lateral fossa membrane, 3 dorsal setae, and solenidion adjacent to fossa membrane; ventrally with 1 spur, rarely 2 spurs, and pair of small, eupathid setae. Tarsus II with 3 dorsal setae, claviform dorsolateral solenidion, and 0–1 ventral setae. Tarsi III and IV each with 3 dorsal and 0 ventral setae. All tarsi with apical pair of parambulacral setae. Paired claws on tarsus I somewhat smaller than those on following tarsi. All tarsi with small median claw.

<==Anomalohalacarus Newell 1949 B86
    |--A. anomalus (Trouessart 1894) B86
    |--A. arenarius Bartsch 1978 B86
    |--A. intermedius Bartsch 1976 B86
    |--A. litoralis Bartsch 1981 B86
    |--A. marcandrei (Monniot 1967) B86
    |--A. minutus Bartsch 1976 B86
    |--A. ruffoi Morselli & Mari 1979 B86
    |--A. similis Bartsch 1976 B86
    |--A. tenellus Bartsch 1979 B86
    `--A. tenuis Bartsch 1979 B86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[B86] Bartsch, I. 1986. Acari: Halacaridae. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 638-642. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Bartsch, I. 2006. Halacaroidea (Acari): a guide to marine genera. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 6 (Electronic Suppl. 6): 1-104.

Notoedres

Female of Notoedres cati, from here.

Belongs within: Teinocoptinae.

Notoedres is a genus of scabies mites, divisible between the subgenera Notoedres (with bodies no higher than wide in the females) and Bakeracarus (with dorsoventrally elongate immatures and coxal apodemes I parallel but not fused in the females). All Bakeracarus and many Notoedres are parasites of bats, but some species of subgenus Notoedres within the clades containing N. cati and N. pahangi are parasites of rodents, primates or carnivorans, while N. indicus is a parasite of the house shrew Suncus murinus.

Characters (from Klompen 1992): Delay in addition of setae h2 to protonymph; setae ps1 and ps2 absent in all stages; male with genital apodemes present, setae kT III-IV thin spines or filiform.

<==Notoedres Railliet 1893 K92
    |--N. (Notoedres) (see below for synonymy) K92
    |    |  i. s.: N. (N.) indicus (Fain & Lukoschus 1976) [=*Suncicoptes indicus] K92
    |    |--N. (N.) africanus (Fain 1959) [=Chirnyssus africanus] K92
    |    |--N. (N.) benoiti Fain 1959 K92
    |    |--N. (N.) namibiensis Klompen 1992 K92
    |    |--N. (N.) tadaridae Fain 1959 [incl. N. dohanyi Klompen et al. 1983] K92
    |    |--N. (N.) yunkeri Fain 1962 K92
    |    |--+--N. (N.) alexfaini Lavoipierre 1968 [incl. N. longisetosus Lavoipierre 1968] K92
    |    |  `--N. (N.) cheiromeles Fain 1959 K92
    |    |--+--N. (N.) elongatus Fain 1963 [=N. (*Neonotoedres) elongatus] K92
    |    |  `--N. (N.) rajamanickami Lavoipierre 1968 K92
    |    |--+--N. (N.) dewitti Klompen, Lukoschus et al. 1983 K92
    |    |  |--N. (N.) ismaili Klompen, Lukoschus et al. 1983 K92
    |    |  |--N. (N.) ovatus Dusbabek 1980 K92
    |    |  `--N. (N.) tristis Fain & Marshall 1977 K92
    |    |--+--N. (N.) oudemansi Fain 1965 K92
    |    |  `--+--N. (N.) pseudomuris Lavoipierre 1968 K92
    |    |     `--+--N. (N.) galagoensis Fain 1963 K92
    |    |        |--N. (N.) jamesoni Lavoipierre 1964 K92
    |    |        |--N. (N.) pahangi Klompen, Lukoschus et al. 1983 K92
    |    |        `--N. (N.) paucipilis (Lawrence 1960) [=*Mysarcoptes paucipilis] K92
    |    |--+--N. (N.) muris Megnin 1877 [incl. N. alepis Railliet & Lucet 1893] K92
    |    |  `--+--+--N. (N.) centrifera Jansen 1963 (see below for synonymy) K92
    |    |     |  `--+--*N. (N.) cati (Hering 1838) [=Sarcoptes cati; incl. N. caniculi Gerlach 1857] K92
    |    |     |     `--N. (N.) musculi (Krämer 1865) [=Sarcoptes musculi] K92
    |    |     `--+--N. (N.) mimetilli Fain 1959 K92
    |    |        `--+--N. (N.) chiropteralis (Trouessart 1896) (see below for synonymy) K92
    |    |           `--N. (N.) schoutedeni Fain 1959 [=Bakeracarus schoutedeni] K92
    |    `--+--N. (N.) philippinensis Klompen 1992 K92
    |       `--+--N. (N.) miniopteri Fain 1959 [=N. (Metanotoedres) miniopteri] K92
    |          `--+--N. (N.) verheyeni Fain 1959 [=N. (Metanotoedres) verheyeni] K92
    |             `--+--N. (N.) myoticola (Fain 1959) [=Chirnyssus myoticola] K92
    |                |--N. (N.) myotis (Hedeen 1953) [=Sarcoptes myotis] K92
    |                |--N. (N.) nigricans Klompen 1992 K92
    |                `--N. (N.) roesleri Vitzthum 1932 K92
    `--N. (Bakeracarus Fain 1959) K92
         |--N. (B.) coreanus Ah 1975 K92
         |--N. (B.) helicothrix Fain & Lukoschus 1975 K92
         |--+--N. (B.) paraguayensis Klompen 1992 K92
         |  `--N. (B.) plecoti Fain 1959 [=N. (Notoedres) plecoti] K92
         `--+--N. (*B.) lasionycteris (Boyd & Bernstein 1950) (see below for synonymy) K92
            |--N. (B.) anisothrix Fain & Lukoschus 1975 [=N. lasionycteris anisothrix] K92
            `--+--N. (B.) corynorhini (Fain 1961) (see below for synonymy) K92
               `--+--N. (B.) americanus Klompen 1992 K92
                  `--N. (B.) eptesicus Fain & Lukoschus 1971 [=N. lasionycteris eptesicus] K92

Notoedres (Bakeracarus) corynorhini (Fain 1961) [=Bakeracarus lasionycteris corynorhini, N. lasionycteris corynorhini] K92

Notoedres (*Bakeracarus) lasionycteris (Boyd & Bernstein 1950) [=Sarcoptes lasionycteris, Teinocoptes lasionycteris; incl. N. lasionycteris intermedius (Dusbabek 1970), N. lasionycteris minimus (Dusbabek 1970)] K92

Notoedres (Notoedres) [incl. Chirnyssus Fain 1959, Jansnotoedres Fain 1965, Metanotoedres Fain 1959, Mysarcoptes Lawrence 1960, Neonotoedres Fain 1963, Suncicoptes Fain & Lukoschus 1976] K92

Notoedres (Notoedres) centrifera Jansen 1963 [=N. (*Jansnotoedres) centrifera; incl. N. douglasi Lavoipierre 1964] K92

Notoedres (Notoedres) chiropteralis (Trouessart 1896) [=Sarcoptes chiropteralis, Prosopodectes chiropteralis; incl. Bakeracarus schoutedeni hyatti Fain 1963, Notoedres vanschaiki Van Eyndhoven 1946] K92

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[K92] Klompen, J. S. H. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships in the mite family Sarcoptidae (Acari: Astigmata). Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 180: i-vi, 1-154.