[Botany • 2024] Chrysosplenium insularis (Saxifragaceae) • A New Species from the southern islands of South Korea

 Chrysosplenium insularis J.E.Jang, K.H.Lee & H.Y.Gil,

in Jang, Park, Lee, Kim et Gil, 2024. 

섬괭이눈 || DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.248.131291

Abstract

We describe a new species, Chrysosplenium insularis J.E.Jang, K.H.Lee & H.Y.Gil, belonging to the family Saxifragaceae, from the southern islands of the Republic of Korea. Chrysosplenium insularis is morphologically similar to C. japonicum (Maxim.) Makino but can be distinguished by fairly persistent bulbils, green to yellowish-green sepals, four stamens, and cylindrical papillose seeds. Chrysosplenium insularis is also distinguished from C. alternifolium L., which is distributed in Europe, northern Russia, and the Caucasus, by the absence of stolons and green bracts. Phylogenetic analyses, based on one nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and two chloroplast (rbcL, matK) regions, confirmed that the new species was monophyletic and that C. insularis and C. alternifolium formed a sister relationship with robust support. Herein, we provide a detailed morphological description of C. insularis with its corresponding geographical distribution and comparison table and figures of related species.

Key words: Chrysosplenium, morphology, new species, phylogeny, taxonomy

Holotype of Chrysosplenium insularis.

 Chrysosplenium insularis
A habit B bulbils C stem D basal leaf E inflorescence, F bracteal leaves G flower H, I capsule J seed.

Photographs by Ju Eun Jang and Kang-Hyup Lee.

 Chrysosplenium insularis J.E.Jang, K.H.Lee & H.Y.Gil, sp. nov.

 

Diagnosis: Chrysosplenium insularis differs from C. japonicum in having fairly persistent bulbils, green to yellowish-green sepals, four stamens, and cylindrical papillose seeds.

Etymology: The specific epithet “insularis” refers to its distribution on islands.

Vernacular name: Island golden saxifrage: Seom-gwaeng-i-nun (섬괭이눈).

 Ju Eun Jang, Beom Kyun Park, Kang-Hyup Lee, Hyuk-Jin Kim and Hee-Young Gil. 2024. Description and Phylogenetic Position of A New Species, Chrysosplenium insularis J.E.Jang, K.H.Lee & H.Y.Gil (Saxifragaceae), from the southern islands of South Korea. PhytoKeys. 248: 91-104. DOI: doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.248.131291

[Botany • 2022] Saxifraga sunhangiana (Saxifragaceae) • A New Species from Gansu, China

Saxifraga sunhangiana T. Deng, X.J. Zhang & J.T. Chen, 

in Zhang, Kuang, Chen, Li, Peng, Guan, Huang, Wang et Deng, 2022.  

taiwania.NTU.edu.tw 

 facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice 

Abstract

Saxifraga sunhangiana, a new species of the genus Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from Gansu, China, is described and illustrated. This species is distinguishable by its abaxial leaf surface with singularly long white villous hairs and rather long rhizomes. Morphological and molecular data indicate that S. sunhangiana belongs to S. sect. Irregulares, and closely related to S. rufescens. The new species differs from S. rufescens by its terminal flower with two elongated, fusiform-lanceolate petals and leaves with glabrous petiole.

Keyword: Irregulares, ITS sequences, Saxifraga fortune, S. rufescens, taxonomy, phylogeny

Illustrations of Saxifraga sunhangiana T. Deng, X.J. Zhang & J.T. Chen.
A & B. Flower, petals 5; C. Fruit, capsule winged when mature; D. Adaxial leaf surface glabrous to sparsely hispid; E & G. Abaxial leaf surface with long white villous hairs, ca. 10 mm, unspotted; F. Inflorescence; H. Rhizomes glabrous, petiole base sheathed; I. Scape glabrous to sparsely white glandular piliferous; J & K. Plants and habitat.

 (Photos by Xin-Jian Zhang and Jun-Tong Chen.)

    

Saxifraga sunhangiana T.Deng, X.J.Zhang & J.T.Chen, sp. nov.

文縣虎耳草 

 Diagnosis: Saxifraga sunhangiana is distinguishable by its abaxial leaf surface with singularly long white villous hairs and its rather long rhizomes. It morphologically resembles S. rufescens, from which it is easily distinguished by its flower with two elongated petals fusiform-lanceolate (vs. flower with only one elongated petal lanceolate to linear); petiole glabrous (vs. petiole red-brown glandular villous); leaf blade adaxially glabrous to sparsely strigose (vs. leaf blade adaxially strigose). 

Etymology: Saxifraga sunhangiana is named after Prof. Sun Hang (1963–present), director of the Kunming Institute of Botany (China) who conducted extensive research in plant taxonomy, biogeography, and evolutionary biology and made outstanding contributions towards understanding the plant diversity of China. 

Distribution and ecology: The new species Saxifraga sunhangiana is currently known only from Wenxian County, Gansu Province, China. It grows on moist rocks nearby valleys, alt. 1800−2750 m. 

 

Xin-Jian Zhang, Tian-hui Kuang, Jun-Tong Chen, Li-Juan Li, Jing-Yi Peng, Kailang Guan, Xian-Han Huang, Heng-Chang Wang and Tao Deng. 2022. Saxifraga sunhangiana (Saxifragaceae), A New Species from Gansu, China. Taiwania.  67(2); 195-200. DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.195

  taiwania.NTU.edu.tw/abstract.php?type=abstract&id=1826

 facebook.com/TaiwaniaOffice/posts/3051064758448666

[Botany • 2021] Saxifraga × klimesii (Saxifragaceae) • A New Natural Hybrid in Saxifraga sect. Porphyrion Tausch from Himalaya

Saxifraga ×klimesii Hajman, Horák & Hroneš

in Horák, Hajman, Hroneš & Pavelka, 2021.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.3

 twitter.com/ThismiaGuy 

Abstract

A new natural hybrid Saxifraga ×klimesii Hajman, Horák & Hroneš from Ladakh (NW India) is described and illustrated. This hybrid resulted from cross between Saxifraga meeboldii Engler & Irmscher and Saxifraga pulvinaria Harry Smith. The morphology of the hybrid plants and its parental taxa was evaluated using morphometric analysis of both living plants and herbarium specimens. An artificial cross was also made to compare its morphology with spontaneous hybrids. Ploidy level and relative genome size was established using flow cytometry. Saxifraga ×klimesii is intermediate in morphology and relative genome size between both parents. It differs from S. meeboldii by shorter and wider rosette leaves and lighter yellow, larger and wider petals and from S. pulvinaria by larger rosettes, often more than one pore on leaves and usually yellow coloured petals. A lectotype is selected for S. pulvinaria.

Keywords: Alpine flora, hybridisation, Ladakh, taxonomy, typification, Saxifraga

Saxifraga ×klimesii Hajman, Horák & Hroneš

 

David Horák, Martin Hajman, Michal Hroneš and Mojmír Pavelka. 2021. A New Natural Hybrid in Saxifraga sect. Porphyrion Tausch (Saxifragaceae). Phytotaxa. 498(1); 25–34. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.498.1.3

Its parents are Saxifraga meeboldii and Saxifraga pulvinaria. It occurs in Ladakh, Himalaya and it is named in honor of czech botanist Leoš Klimeš who was probably its first observer.

 twitter.com/ThismiaGuy/status/1385528055444221952

[Botany • 2021] Chrysosplenium fallax (Saxifragaceae) • A New Species from the Russian Far East

 Chrysosplenium fallax

in Koldaeva, 2021. 

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.4

Abstract

A new species of Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae), C. fallax (ser. Pilosa), is described and illustrated from Primorsky Krai, the Far East of Russia. Chrysosplenium fallax forms specialized underground stolons during budding and early flowering. The largest leaves are located at the top of vegetative shoot and have a cuneate base and pubescence on the abaxial side. The top of vegetative shoot does not take roots. The distinguishing morphological features and the differences in the seasonal development of C. fallax from the closely related C. pilosum and C. villosum (ser. Pilosa) are listed.

Keywords: ser. Pilosa, golden saxifrage, morphology, taxonomy, Eudicots

 

Marina N. Koldaeva. 2021. Chrysosplenium fallax (Saxifragaceae), A New Species from the Russian Far East. Phytotaxa. 491(1); 35–46.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.491.1.4

[Botany • 2019] Chrysosplenium macrospermum (Saxifragaceae) • A New Species of Chrysosplenium from Northeastern China

Chrysosplenium macrospermum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim

in Kim, Shin, Lee, et al., 2019. 

천지괭이눈 | 天池金腰 ||  DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.135.39036

Abstract

This study describes and illustrates Chrysosplenium macrospermum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim, a new plant species from Changbaishan Mt. (Baekdusan Mt.) in northeastern China. The species is most similar to Chrysosplenium valdepilosum in the series Pilosa but is readily distinguishable by short arching sterile branches, multiple (up to 3) flowering stems, and smooth surfaced seeds (without tubercles), which are ca. 30–50% larger than those of other members in the series.

Keywords: Saxifragales, seed morphology, sterile branch, taxonomy

Figure 1. Chrysosplenium macrospermum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim, sp. nov. A flowering individual B fruiting individual C inflorescence and bracteal leaves D infructescence and bracteal leaves E seed F seed coat, enlarged G flower (top view) H capsule, after dehiscence (top view) I stamen at various stages J capsule with persistent sepals (side view) K capsule, sepals removed L capsule, longitudinal section. 

Figure 2. Chrysosplenium macrospermum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim, sp. nov. A fruiting individual B infructescence, bracteal leaves and seeds in capsules C plant habit during flowering D fruiting individual showing short arch-shaped sterile branches and thick fibrous roots.

Chrysosplenium macrospermum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Chrysosplenium macrospermum is most similar to Chrysosplenium valdepilosum (Ohwi) S.H. Kang & J.W. Han, 2011 (see Han et al. 2011), but the former is readily distinguishable by short arching sterile branches, multiple (up to 3) flowering stems, and smooth surfaced seeds (without tubercles), which are ca. 30–50% larger than those of other members in the series Pilosa (Figure 3).

Etymology: The specific epithet of the new species refers to the distinctly larger size of the seeds compared with those of other members in the series Pilosa.

Vernacular name: Cheon Ji Gwaeng I Nun (Korean pronunciation); 천지괭이눈 (Korean name), Tiān Chí Jīn Yāo (Chinese pronunciation); 天池金腰 (Chinese name)

    

Distribution: Chrysosplenium macrospermum is only known from Changbaishan Mt. in Jilin Province of China, at an elevation of ca. 2,600 m. To date, only a few subpopulations with approximately 5,000 individuals have been discovered near Tianchi Crater Lake. In the absence of additional data, we presently score it as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001).

Ecology: Chrysosplenium macrospermum occurs in alpine tundra, where it grows in humid and semi-shaded areas near the Tianchi volcanic crater along with Papaver radicatum var. pseudoradicatum (Kitag.) Kitag., Bistorta ochotensis Kom., Micranthes laciniata (Nakai & Takeda) S. Akiyama & H. Ohba, Sedum rosea (L.) Scop., and Pedicularis verticillata L. The flowering period of this species is from late May to early July, and the fruiting period is from July to August.

 Yong-In Kim, Jae-Seo Shin, Sangwoo Lee, Jia-Hui Chen, Sangho Choi, Jin Hee Park and Young-Dong Kim. 2019. A New Species of Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae) from Northeastern China.  PhytoKeys. 135: 39-47. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.135.39036

[Botany • 2018] Chrysosplenium ramosissimum (Saxifragaceae) • A New Species from Korea

Chrysosplenium ramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim

in Kim, Cho, Lee, Kang, et al., 2018.

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.111.27182

Abstract

This study describes and illustrates Chrysosplenium ramosissimum, a new plant species from Mt. Seonjaryeong, located in the central region of the Korean Peninsula. The species is most similar to C. valdepilosum but is readily distinguishable by the presence of yellowish-green bracteal leaves during flowering, highly branched sterile branches, shiny silvery dots on sterile branch leaves and larger tubercles on the seed coat.

Keywords: Chrysosplenium, endemic species, seed morphology, sterile branch, DNA barcode

Figure 1. Chrysosplenium ramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim.
A Flowering individual B fruiting individual C sterile branch habit after fruiting D inflorescence and bracteal leaves E–F flower G stamen at various stages H flower longitudinal section I infructescence and bracteal leaves J capsule with persistent sepals K capsule, sepals removed L capsule, longitudinal section M capsule, before dehiscence (top view) N capsule, after dehiscence (top view) O node of sterile branch, enlarged P seed, side view (left), top view (right) Q seed coat, enlarged. 

Figure 2. Chrysosplenium ramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim.
 A Inflorescence with bracteal leaves B sterile branches and basal leaves during flowering with withered basal leaves C sterile branch leaves with shiny silvery spots during flowering D sterile branch after fruiting E plant habit during flowering.

Chrysosplenium ramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim, sp. nov.

 가지털괭이눈(Ga-ji-teol-gwaeng-i-nun)

Diagnosis: Chrysosplenium ramosissimum is most similar to the sympatric species C. valdepilosum, but the former is readily distinguishable by the presence of yellowish-green (vs. bright yellow) bracteal leaves during flowering, highly branched and elongated sterile branches after fruiting (Fig. 4), shiny silvery dots on sterile branch leaves and larger tubercles on the seed coat (Fig. 3).

....

Distribution: Chrysosplenium ramosissimum is only known to exist on Mt. Seonjaryeong in Gangwon-do, Korea, at an elevation of 630–910 m. To date, only one population of approximately 2,000 individuals has been discovered, near a small creek. In the absence of additional data, we presently score it as Data Deficient (DD), according to the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001).

Ecology: Chrysosplenium ramosissimum occurs in deciduous forests of mountain valleys, where it grows in humid and semi-shaded areas near small creeks along with Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Acer buergerianum Miq. The flowering period of this species is late March to early May and the fruiting period is late May to early July.

Etymology: The specific epithet of the new species refers to the highly branched sterile branches after fruiting.

 Yong-In Kim, Seong-Hyun Cho, Jung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Hyun Kang, Jin Hee Park and Young-Dong Kim. 2018. Chrysosplenium ramosissimum Y.I.Kim & Y.D.Kim (Saxifragaceae), A New Species from Korea. PhytoKeys. 111: 1-10.  10.3897/phytokeys.111.27182

     

[Botany • 2018] Saxifraga luoxiaoensis (Saxifragaceae) • A New Species from Hunan and Jiangxi, China

Saxifraga luoxiaoensis W. B. Liao, L. Wang & X. J. Zhang

in Zhang, Liu, Meng, et al., 2018.

DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.350.3.8

Abstract

Saxifraga luoxiaoensis, a new species of the genus Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from Hunan and Jiangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to S. daqiaoensis, which can be easily distinguished from the later by its leaf margin 7- or 9-lobed and winged capsule. The systematic position of this species within Saxifraga sect. Irregulares is assessed based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast regions sequences together with morphological comparisons.

Keywords: China, Hunan and Jiangxi, molecular phylogeny, new species, Saxifraga, Eudicots

FIGURE 2. Saxifraga luoxiaoensis W. B. Liao, L. Wang & X. J. Zhang.
A. Habitat; B. adaxial surface of leaves; C. abaxial surface of leaves; D. plants and inflorescence; E. rhizomes and petiole; F. flowers; G. semiannular disc; H. fruits on dry specimen; I. young fruit.

Saxifraga luoxiaoensis W. B. Liao, L. Wang & X. J. Zhang, sp. nov. 

Type:— CHINA. Jiangxi Province, Suichuan County, Daijiapu Town, in wet limestone under of gully, Elev. 1466 m, May 2016, W. Y. Zhao, Q. L. Ding, X. J. Zhang et al., LXP-13-16785 (SYS!).

 Diagnosis:— Saxifraga luoxiaoensis is similar to S. daqiaoensis, S. epiphylla and S. mengtzeana. S. epiphylla differs from the new species chiefly in that it produces a foliar embryo in the sinus of the basal leaf blades. The leaf blades of S. mengtzeana has no foliar embryo, but it has blades glabrous adaxially. S. daqiaoensis differs from the new species in its peltate leaves and leaf margin remotely shallowly dentate or subentire. The most distinctive characters of S. luoxiaoensis is the winged capsule. 

 Distribution and ecology:— The new species Saxifraga luoxiaoensis occurs in the centre of Luoxiao mountain range between Hunan and Jiangxi province, China, and grows on moist rocks nearby valleys, alt. 1200–1900 m. 

 Etymology:—The specific epithet is derived from Luoxiao mountain range.

Xin-Jian Zhang, Zhong-Cheng Liu, Kai-Kai Meng, Qiao-Ling Ding, Lei Wang and Wen-Bo Liao. 2018. Saxifraga luoxiaoensis (Saxifragaceae), A New Species from Hunan and Jiangxi, China. Phytotaxa. 350(3); 291–296. DOI:  10.11646/phytotaxa.350.3.8