[Botany • 2019] Hippeastrum peruvianum (Amaryllidaceae: Hippeastreae) • A New Species from Northern Peru

Hippeastrum peruvianum  Meerow & Campos-Rocha, 

in Meerow et Campos-Rocha. 2019. 

DOI: 10.3417/2018330

 twitter.com/MuseoHNUNMSM

Abstract

A new species of Hippeastrum Herb. (Amaryllidaceae) from the department of Amazonas, Peru, is described and illustrated here. Hippeastrum peruvianum Meerow & Campos-Rocha features floral morphology unique among the other species of the genus occurring in the country. It has similarities with H. miniatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb. and H. reginae (L.) Herb. but is distinguished readily by its larger flowers, distinct coloration pattern, and trifid stigma. The new species is known only from the type collection by Paul C. Hutchison in 1958. It was determined as H. miniatum in error and has apparently been widely cultivated, especially in California, either under that name or erroneously considered a hybrid. We additionally observe that H. ugentii Ochoa, described from Peru and later transferred to Crinum L., is the naturalized South African species C. moorei Hook. f.

KEYWORDS: Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllioideae, Andes, Crinum, endemic species, Geophyte, Hippeastreae, Hippeastrum, Peru

 

Alan William Meerow and Antonio Campos-Rocha. 2019. Hippeastrum peruvianum (Amaryllidaceae), a New Species from Northern Peru, and Notes on a Naturalized Species of Crinum First Described as Hippeastrum. Novon: A J. for Botanical Nomenclature. 27(2);75-80. DOI: 10.3417/2018330

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[Botany • 2023] Nothoscordum itapetinga (Amaryllidaceae: Allioideae) • Woken up from A Hundred-Year Sleep: A New Species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

 

Nothoscordum itapetinga Campos-Rocha & Sassone,

in Campos-Rocha, Sassone, Urdampilleta, De Zorzi, Queiroz, Goffi et Dutilh, 2023. 

 DOI: 10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n3.40225

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Abstract

Background and aims: Serra do Itapetinga houses one of the most important remnants of Atlantic Forest in the macrometropolis of São Paulo, the most populous region of Brazil. In the context of monographic works on Brazilian Nothoscordum species, a new species with current distribution restricted to Serra do Itapetinga was identified, and is described and illustrated here.

M&M: Recognition of the new species is based on morphological, molecular and cytological data. Descriptions and morphological comparisons were obtained from examination of herbarium collections or living plants. Based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (ndhF and matK) DNA markers, a molecular phylogeny including the described species is presented. Its conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Results: Nothoscordum itapetinga bears free staminal filaments, a typical morphological characters of sect. Nothoscordum. Its placement in sect. Nothoscordum is also supported by molecular data and base chromosome number. We provide its chromosome count along with karyotype formula and DNA content. Comments on its distribution, habitat and conservation are furnished.

Conclusions: With the data available the new species is considered Critically Endangered (CR). The localities of occurrence suffered decades of impacts resulting from intensive and uncontrolled use, in addition to human-induced fires, which modified the vegetation structure and floristic composition. Following the efforts of locating additional records, urgent protection and conservation measures are required to ensure the survival of the remaining populations of N. itapetinga.

Key words: conservation, cytogenetics, Leucocoryneae, molecular phylogeny, rocky outcrops, Serra do Itapetinga, threatened species

Nothoscordum itapetinga Campos-Rocha & Sassone, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Nothoscordum itapetinga can be considered morphologically similar to N. aparadense Ravenna, a species described from high-altitude damp lawns of Aparados da Serra, in Southern Brazil. They can be distinguished by scape length and leaf thickness (scape of similar length to or longer than the leaves, which are not thickened in N. itapetinga vs. scape shorter than the leaves, which are thickened in N. aparadense), in addition to individual plant size, usually taller in N. itapetinga. 

Furthermore, N. itapetinga is a species that occurs in vegetation islands on granite outcrops of Southeastern Brazil, possibly endemic to Serra do Itapetinga whereas N. aparadense grows in damp lawns on the top of Aparados da Serra (São Joaquim, Santa Catarina; Ravenna, 2001).

   

 

Antonio Campos Rocha Neto, Agostina B. Sassone, Juan D. Urdampilleta, Vinicius G. De Zorzi, Mateus Queiroz, Ricardo Monteiro Goffi, Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2023. Woken up from A Hundred-Year Sleep: A New Species of Nothoscordum (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Boletín De La Sociedad Argentina De Botánica - Journal of the Argentine Botanical Society. 58 (3); DOI: 10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n3.40225.

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[Botany • 2023] Hippeastrum curupira & H. laklano (Amaryllidaceae) • To Print in Red Ink: Two New Species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto.
 

in Campos-Rocha, Meerow, Peixoto, Koch, Messias et Dutilh, 2023. 

  DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.95601

A–C, E–I, K–L by Antonio Campos-Rocha; D, J, M–O by Mauro Peixoto.

Abstract

Background and aims – The Atlantic Forest is among the five most important biodiversity hotspots in the world, harbouring one of the highest levels of endemism and species richness in the tropics. The region has been suggested as a centre of diversity for the genus Hippeastrum, which comprises about one hundred species distributed throughout the Neotropics. Due to its large and showy flowers, the genus is highly sought after by collectors and horticulturists around the world, with hundreds of hybrids produced and traded for centuries. However, most of its species are still known from only one or a few populations, and several are officially recognized as endangered. Monographic studies on the genus Hippeastrum in Brazil have revealed two likely microendemic new species from the Atlantic Forest.

Material and methods – The morphological descriptions of the new species are based on herbarium specimens and cultivated plants, as well as in situ observations. Descriptions and measures were taken following standard procedures. Preliminary conservation assessments followed IUCN guidelines and criteria.

Key results – Both species show typical morphology of the subgenus Hippeastrum, in which they should be placed. They can be distinguished from similar taxa, including some of the most widely distributed and known species of the genus, by several floral characters. Data on ecology, conservation, and photographs and illustrations are provided, as well as comparisons with related species. An identification key to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of Hippeastrum is provided, accompanied by photographs of these species in their natural habitats.

Conclusion – The new species are considered critically endangered due to their single known location and small population size. The findings reinforce the need for continued sampling across different regions of the Atlantic Forest, as well as the importance of systematic studies conducted by specialist taxonomists.

Keywords: Bahia, endemism, Hippeastreae, Santa Catarina, systematics, taxonomy, threatened species

Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto.
A. Sepals and petals. B. Flower with removed perigone, showing stamens and style. C. Detail of anthers and stigma. D. Stigma. E. Anthers starting to dehisce. F. Detail of spathe bracts and floral buds. G. Leaf apex. H. Point of insertion of the staminal filaments. I. Longitudinal section of the ovary. J. Detail of spathe bracts and pedicels. K. Detail of leaf venation, adaxial surface. L. Fully developed leaves. M. Habit. N. Apex of the lower petal. O. Inflorescences, frontal view.

A–C, E–I, K–L by Antonio Campos-Rocha; D, J, M–O by Mauro Peixoto.

Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto, sp. nov.

 

Diagnosis: Hippeastrum curupira may be related to H. puniceum (Lam.) Voss or H. reginae (L.) Herb., from which it is distinguished by the absence of a paraperigone and having a trifid stigma (vs paraperigone of fimbriae and stigma capitate to trilobed in H. puniceum and H. reginae).

Etymology: The specific epithet honours one of the most traditional and popular mythical characters of Brazilian folklore, the Curupira. Of indigenous origin, it is usually represented as a dwarf, with red hair and inverted feet. Curupira inhabits the interior of the most remote forests, avoiding getting close to highly disturbed or inhabited places (Cascudo 1998, 2002). The epithet is a reference to the bright scarlet red flower of the new species, unique among Brazilian species of Hippeastrum. It is also a reference to its forest habitat, as well as to its rarity. It even represents a call to protect the forest in Brazil, in a scenario of dismantling anti-deforestation policies (Menezes and Barbosa 2021; Vale et al. 2021; Agapito et al. 2022). Interestingly, the type locality is believed to be a magical place, inhabited by several characters of Brazilian mythology (Santos 2004; Sousa 2010). The specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition, in line with Article 23.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature (Turland et al. 2018).

Hippeastrum laklano Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto. 
 A. Sepals and petals. B. Apex of the upper sepal. C. Apex of the lateral sepal. D. Flower with removed perigone, showing stamens and style. E. Detail of anthers and stigma. F. Detail of paraperigone. G. Anther. H–I. Stigma at different developmental stages. J. Inflorescence, top view. K. Leaf apex. L. Detail of leaf venation, abaxial surface. M. Detail of the spot at the base of the tepals. N. Inflorescence, frontal view. O. Longitudinal section of the ovary. P. Fully developed leaves. Q. Base of leaves and inflorescence. R. Bulb and bulblet. S. Habit. T–U. Detail of spathe bracts and bracteoles. V. Immature capsule. W. Mature capsule exposing the seeds. X. Seeds. Y–Z. Seedlings.

 A–L, N–Z by Antonio Campos-Rocha; M by Mauro Peixoto.

Hippeastrum laklano Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Hippeastrum laklano is morphologically related to H. striatum (Lam.) H.E.Moore, from which it is readily distinguished by its paraperigone with conspicuous fimbriae and dark-vinaceous area at the base of the tepals (vs paraperigone absent and tepals greenish at the base in H. striatum).

Etymology: The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and refers to the Laklãnõ people, member of the Southern Jê linguistic family, who inhabited vast areas of southern Brazil, including almost the entire northern plateau of Santa Catarina (Santos 1973). With the arrival of European settlers in the region, particularly between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Laklãnõ were severely decimated through actions supported by government authorities and private colonization companies (Santos 1973; Selau 2006; Wittmann 2007). The only known place of occurrence of the new species is located close to the limits of the Ibirama-Laklãnõ Indigenous Territory, where the main remaining Laklãnõ community is confined. Established in 1926 with an area of 20,000 hectares that would never be delimited, the indigenous land was expanded to around 37,000 hectares in 1999, and declared permanent indigenous possession by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice four years later (Santos 1973; FIOCRUZ 2022). However, the indigenous land continued to suffer constant invasions by settlers and loggers, intensified from the 1950s, mainly for the purpose of exploiting its natural resources, which would result in the depletion of the juçara-palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.) and timber reserves (Santos 1973; Namem 1994; Nigro 2004). The Federal Supreme Court of Brazil is judging two lawsuits filed by the state government and environmental agency demanding the annulment of the Laklãnõ land demarcation process (FIOCRUZ 2022). One of the lawsuits was declared of general repercussion and will serve as a guideline for the federal government and all instances of justice with regard to demarcation procedure, placing the Laklãnõ people and their struggle at the heart of this issue in the country today (Silva and Souza Filho 2021; FIOCRUZ 2022). Laklãnõ is a self-denomination that gained momentum among indigenous people from the 1990s onwards, as part of an effort to revitalize their language, as opposed to the name Xokleng, that would have a pejorative meaning and would represent the colonizer’s view of the community (Gakran 2005, 2020). According to the Laklãnõ language, the word “laklãnõ” means “those of the sun clan” or “those who are descendants of the sun” (Gakran 2005).

 Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan William Meerow, Mauro Peixoto, Ingrid Koch, Patrícia Aparecida Messias and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2023.  To Print in Red Ink: Two New Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Plant Ecology and Evolution. 156(2): 239-256. DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.95601

[Botany • 2022] Hippeastrum abatinguara (Amaryllidaceae: Hippeastreae) • A Remarkable New Species from the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

 

Hippeastrum abatinguara Campos-Rocha & A.S.Medeiros, 

in Campos Rocha, da Silva Medeiros, Meerow, et al., 2022.

DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.6 

 facebook.com/AntonioCamposRochaNeto

Abstract

Serra da Mantiqueira is the most important mountain range in eastern South America, known for its high levels of species richness and endemism. A new species of Amaryllidaceae endemic to the region was recently identified, described and illustrated herein. It can be recognized by its rupicolous habit, large bulbs, reaching 12 cm in diameter, annual, lorate leaves, white flowers with pink striations and perigonal tube up to 1.5 cm long. Comments on its habitat, conservation status, phenology data, photographs and illustrations are provided, as well as comparison with the most morphologically similar species. Known by only a single population, exposed to several types of threats and with limited guarantee of protection, Hippeastrum abatinguara is considered Critically Endangered. Additionally, a key to the species of Hippeastrum occurring in the Serra da Mantiqueira is presented, accompanied by photographs of these species in their natural habitats.

Keywords: Asparagales, Endemism, Hippeastreae, Minas Gerais, rock outcrop, threatened species, Monocots

Hippeastrum abatinguara Campos-Rocha & A.S.Medeiros

Hippeastrum abatinguara can be considered similar to H. brasilianum (Traub & Doran 1976: 40) Dutilh in Meerow et al. (1997: 17) due to its habitat and flower color pattern, but is readily distinguished by having a smaller perigone (up to 9.5 cm long vs. 14–23 cm in H. brasilianum), with pink striations on the tepals, absent in H. brasilianum. 

Etymology:—The specific epithet refers to an indigenous people who inhabited the southern region of the state of Minas Gerais and were decimated as a result of the colonization of their territory. The Abatinguaras would have lived on the banks of the Grande and Sapucaí rivers, and offered a strong resistance to the advance of the Bandeirantes (colonial crusaders) at the end of the 17th century (José 1965, Guimarães 2017). Awati-wára is a word of Tupi origin, an indigenous language, being a translation of ‘white man eaters’ (Guérios 1948, Michaelis 2015). It is also a call for the defense of Brazilian indigenous people, in a context of violence against these peoples and their territories (Bonilla & Capiberibe 2021, Ferrante & Fearnside 2021, CIMI 2022). The specific epithet is used here as a noun in apposition, in accordance with Article 23.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature (Turland et al. 2018).

Antonio Campos Rocha, Alexandre da Silva Medeiros, Alan William Meerow, Priscila Andre Sanz-Veiga, Ingrid Koch and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2022. A Remarkable New Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa. 571(2); 197-208. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.6

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[Botany • 2022] Hippeastrum carassense & H. velloziflorum (Amaryllidaceae) • Out of the Mud: Two New Species of Hippeastrum from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River Basins, Brazil

Hippeastrum velloziflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow, 

in Campos-Rocha, Meerow, Machado, ... et Dutilh, 2022. 

DOI: 10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3 

 Researchgate.net/publication/360902983 

 facebook.com/AntonioCamposRocha

Abstract

In 2015, Brazil faced the worst environmental disaster in its history, when the collapse of an iron ore dam dumped millions of tons of tailings into the Doce River. In this paper, we describe two Hippeastrum species native to localities directly involved in the tragedy. The dam was located in the foothills of Serra do Caraça, a mountain range in the state of Minas Gerais, from where we describe the endemic H. carassense; H. velloziflorum was first found on an inselberg located on the banks of the Doce River, in the neighboring state of Espírito Santo. Comments on their distribution, ecology, and phenology are provided, as well as comparisons with the most similar taxa. The conservation status of the two new species is preliminarily assessed, and both are considered threatened with extinction. We also compared their leaf anatomy and micromorphology with related species of Amaryllidaceae. Based on nrDNA ITS, we infer the phylogenetic position of H. velloziflorum, a taxon with several unique morphological characters for Hippeastrum, as the first branch in subgenus Hippeastrum. The placement of H. velloziflorum in Hippeastrum is also supported by anatomical and cytological data. The somatic chromosome number was 2n = 22, and the karyotype formula was 2n = 8m + 12sm + 2st chromosome pairs. An identification key to the species of Hippeastrum occurring in the Doce and Jequitinhonha River basins is presented.

Keywords: Atlantic forest, Endemism, Inselbergs, Leaf anatomy, Nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer, Systematics

Hippeastrum carassense Campos-Rocha & R.C.Mota
a Habit. b Detail of leaf venation, adaxial surface. c Spathe bract. d Flower, frontal view. e Flower with removed perigone, showing stamens and style. f Longitudinal section of the ovary. g Stigma. h Sepals and petals: shape and apices. i1 Upper sepal. i2 Lateral petal. i3 Lateral sepal. i4 Lower petal.

Drawn by Klei Sousa from R.C. Mota 2747

a View of Serra do Caraça from Bento Rodrigues, the first village hit and completely buried by the mudslide; Pico do Inficionado and Pico do Sol (arrows), part of Germano mining complex (asterisk).
 b–d Hippeastrum carassense. b Flowering plant. c–d Flower, frontal view (c; detail of paraperigone). e Flower, lateral view

Hippeastrum carassense Campos-Rocha & R.C.Mota, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Hippeastrum carassense is similar to H. diniz-cruziae Dutilh & Semir, but differs by having a shorter tube (up to 0.8 cm long) and a scalelike paraperigone (vs. tube 0.9–1.8 cm and paraperigone of bristles in H. diniz-cruziae). It may be related to H. cipoanum (Ravenna) Meerow, from which it is readily distinguished by its lorate leaves (vs. linear leaves in H. cipoanum).

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Serra of Caraça, the locality to which the new species is endemic.

Hippeastrum velloziflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow. 
a Habit. b Leaf. c Detail of leaf venation, adaxial surface. d Inflorescence with floral buds. e Flower, frontal view. f Sepals and petals. g1 Upper sepal. g2 Lateral petal. g3 Lateral sepal. g4 Lower petal. h Distal portion of the flower in cross section. i Stigma. j Longitudinal section of the ovary. k Cross section of the ovary. l Capsule. m Seed.

Drawn by Klei Sousa; a-g from A.P. Fontana 6070, h-m from A. Campos-Rocha 2772

Hippeastrum velloziflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow. 
a Morro Maquiji (general view of the inselberg). b Granite extraction in the foothills of Maquiji.
c Vegetation islands in the higher areas of Maquiji. d Plants in habitat. e Bulbs and flowers buds. f Detail of spathe bracts. g Flowers, back view. h Anthers nearly at the same height. i Flowering plants. j Mature fruits. k Detail of the surface of the seed. l–o Seed.

 Scale bars k 50 µm; l–o 2 mm; h 4 mm

Hippeastrum velloziflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Hippeastrum velloziflorum has unique leaves and flowers among all Hippeastrum. Its leaves are falcate and somewhat fleshy, resembling the leaves of Worsleya procera (Lem.) Traub (tribe Griffinieae). The flowers of H. velloziflorum are erect, salverform, and nearly actinomorphic and exhibit an unprecedented arrangement of their stamens, which are quite short in length. It may be related to H. brasilianum, another white-flowered species endemic to inselbergs in southeastern Brazil, from which it is distinguishable even vegetatively by its conspicuously falcate, fleshy leaves (vs. lorate and papery in H. brasilianum).

 Etymology: The specific epithet makes reference to the amazing resemblance of the flowers and those of some species of Vellozia Vand. (Velloziaceae), in particular white ones with hypanthia elongated into a tube. Vellozia is one of the most representative elements of saxicolous vegetation on inselbergs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Porembski 2003), habitat where Hippeastrum velloziflorum is known to occur.

Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan W. Meerow, Raquel M. Machado, Juliana L. S. Mayer, Rubens C. da Mota, André P. Fontana, Otávio B. C. Ribeiro, Nicolás B. García and Julie H. A. Dutilh. 2022. Out of the Mud: Two New Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Doce and Jequitinhonha River Basins, Brazil. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 308: 22. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-022-01805-3 

  Researchgate.net/publication/360902983_two_new_species_of_Hippeastrum_from_the_Doce_and_Jequitinhonha_River_basins_Brazil

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[Botany • 2018] Hippeastrum lunaris & H. mauroi • Two New Critically Endangered Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado

Hippeastrum lunaris Campos-Rocha & Meerow

in Campos-Rocha, Meerow & Dutilh, 2018. 

  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.360.2.1

Abstract
Monographic work on the genus Hippeastrum in Brazil has revealed two new species endemic to the Cerrado biome, here described and illustrated. Hippeastrum lunaris is a species restricted to the region of Chapada dos Veadeiros; H. mauroi is so far found only in Chapada dos Guimarães. Detailed descriptions, illustrations and taxonomic comments on the conservation status of these species are provided, in addition to comparisons with morphologically similar species. An identification key to the species of Hippeastrum occurring in the Brazilian Cerrado is presented, accompanied by photographs of these species in their natural habitats.

Keywords: Endemism, Hippeastreae, taxonomy, threatened species, Monocots

Hippeastrum lunaris Campos-Rocha & Meerow sp. nov. 
 Hippeastrum lunaris is similar to H. morelianum Lemaire (1845: 37) and can be separated readily by underground bulb (vs. exposed) and the paraperigone of free and loose fibrae (vs. fimbrae partially connate). It appears related to H. leucobasis (Ravenna 1978: 90) Dutilh in Meerow et al. (1997: 18) but differs by the staminal filaments shorter than the perigone and its trifid stigma (vs. filaments exceeding the perigone and a capitate stigma in H. leucobasis). 

Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Colinas do Sul, campo sujo com mata inundável adjacente, área a ser inundada, 18 December 1996, L.B. Bianchetti 1502 (holotype CEN [photo!]; isotype UB!; UEC!).


Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the Vale da Lua, to where the species is confined. The area is so named because of its rock formations along the banks of the ribeirão São Miguel, considered similar to lunar craters

FIGURE 2. Hippeastrum lunaris.
 A, B. Flowering plants in habitat. C. Details of leaves and inflorescence. D. Detail of flower.

Photos A: J. Costa. B–D: H. Moreira.

    

FIGURE 5. Hippeastrum mauroi.
 A. Plants flowering ex situ. B. Flower, lateral view. C. Flower, frontal view. A: A. Campos-Rocha & G. Bellozi 1215.

Photos A: A. Campos-Rocha. B, C: M. Peixoto.

Hippeastrum mauroi Campos-Rocha & Dutilh, sp. nov. 

Hippeastrum mauroi is similar to H. puniceum and H. reginae (Linnaeus 1759: 977) Herbert (1821: 31) but can be distinguished from both by its uniflorous inflorescence (vs. 2–4, except rarely one in H. puniceum), different color pattern at the base of the tepals, the paraperigone devoid of fimbrae (vs. fimbrae present), and the style up to 1/2 of the perigone length (vs. 2/3 or more).

 Type:— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, área de Cerrado ralo próxima ao Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães; florescimento em cultivo no Jardim Botânico Plantarum, 21 August 2013, A. Campos-Rocha & G. Bellozi 1215 (holotype UEC!).

Etymology:— The specific epithet is in honor of our friend Mauro Peixoto, who collected and introduced us to this and so many other plants new to science. Mauro has a unique knowledge about Brazilian native plants, a result of decades of study and observation in the field, having collaborated actively with various scientists over the years.

 Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan William Meerow and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2018. Two New Critically Endangered Species of Hippeastrum (Amaryllidaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. Phytotaxa. 360(2); 91–102.  DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.360.2.1

ResearchGate.net/publication/326380077_Two_new_species_of_Hippeastrum_from_the_Brazilian_Cerrado

[Botany • 2018] Griffinia meerowiana • A Remarkable New Species of Amaryllidaceae from Espírito Santo state, Brazil

Griffinia meerowiana Campos-Rocha & M. Peixoto

in Campos-Rocha, Semir, Peixoto & Dutilh, 2018.

 DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.3 

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest, known for its high biodiversity and endemism levels, now reduced to about 7% of its original area (Myers et al. 2000, Oliveira-Filho & Fontes 2000, Ribeiro et al. 2009), is the main center of diversity for Griffinia Ker Gawler (1820: t. 444). The genus is represented by about sixteen species (Preuss 1999, Campos-Rocha 2015, Campos-Rocha et al. 2017), the majority considered threatened with extinction (MMA 2014). Griffinia is morphologically characterized by having usually pseudopetiolate leaves with reticulate venation, bluish or sometimes white zygomorphic flowers with a hypanthium of variable length, and whitish globose seeds lacking phytomelanin in the testa and with an elaiosome. Currently, it is divided into two subgenera, Griffinia, and Hyline (Herbert 1840: t. 3779) Ravenna (1969: 63), with several ecological and morphological differences (Preuss 1999, Campos-Rocha 2015), though they may not constitute monophyletic groups (Meerow et al. 2000). Subgenus Griffinia, with about fourteen small to large-sized species, are generally understory plants of the Atlantic Forest, with pseudopetiolate leaves and bluish or occasionally white flowers. Subgenus Hyline has two recognized species of the understory of Cerrado and Caatinga primarily, with fragrant and ephemeral large white flowers, rarely pink (Preuss 1999, Campos-Rocha 2015). Griffinia, together with the monotypic genus Worsleya Traub (1944: 89), constitute a strongly supported clade (Meerow et al. 2000), tribe Griffinieae Ravenna (1974: 65), the only Amaryllidaceae tribe endemic to Brazil.

Keywords: Atlantic Forest, Griffinieae, inselberg, microendemism, Monocots

FIGURE 2. Griffinia meerowiana Campos-Rocha & M. Peixoto.
A. Habit. B. Leaves (adaxial surface). C. Detail of leaf venation. D. Flower in frontal view. E. Sepals and petals: shape and apices. E1. Upper sepal. E2. Lateral petal. E3. Lateral sepal. E4. Lower petal. F. Flower with removed perigone, showing stamens and style. G. Stigma detail. H. Longitudinal section of the hypanthium tube and ovary. I. Cross-section of the ovary. Drawing: Klei Sousa.

Griffinia meerowiana Campos-Rocha & M. Peixoto, sp. nov. 

Griffinia meerowiana is similar to G. liboniana Morren (1845: 143) (Fig. 4) because of its small size, lamina shape, often spotted and occasionally with a longitudinal white stripe near the midrib. However, G. meerowiana differs from G. liboniana and all species of Griffinia by its violet flowers, spatulate sepals and petals with white spots in the middle.

Etymology:— The specific epithet was chosen in honor of our colleague Alan William Meerow, geneticist and systematist of the United States Department of Agriculture, recognizing his extensive contributions to the modern knowledge of the Amaryllidaceae.

FIGURE 3. Griffinia meerowiana Campos-Rocha & M. Peixoto.
A. Typical habitat (October 2016). B–D. Variation in lamina ornamentation. E. Individual plant flowering at type locality. F. Individual plant flowering ex situ. G. Detail of spathe bract and hypanthium tube. H. Detail of subapical apiculum (lateral sepal). I. Seed. J. Immature fruits (in situ).

 E, J: A. Campos-Rocha 1641. F: A. Campos-Rocha 1509. G, H: A. Campos-Rocha 1818.
 Photos A: D. Lima. B–H, J: A. Campos-Rocha. I: J. Dutilh.
Scales bar: 1 cm (G); 400 μm (H); 5 mm (I).

Antonio Campos-Rocha, João Semir, Mauro Peixoto and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2018. Griffinia meerowiana, A Remarkable New Species of Amaryllidaceae from Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa. 344(3); 228–238.   DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.3

ResearchGate.net/publication/323797474_Griffinia_meerowiana_a_remarkable_new_species_of_Amaryllidaceae_from_Espirito_Santo_state_Brazil

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[Botany • 2017] Eithea lagopaivae • A New Critically Endangered Species in the previously Monotypic Genus Eithea Ravenna (Amaryllidaceae)

Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha & Dutilh

in Campos-Rocha, Meerow, Lopes, et al., 2017.
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369

Abstract

Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha & Dutilh, sp. nov. is described as the second species of the formerly monotypic genus Eithea. It is characterized by a one flowered inflorescence, completely hollow scape, white or lightly magenta-striated flower that is enclosed by spathe bracts fused for more than the lower fifth of its length. Comments on its range, habitat, phenology, as well as photographs and illustrations are provided. In addition, a distribution map and an identification key for the two species of the genus are presented and anatomical and ecological differences compared. Known by only two small populations exposed to several types of threats and without any guarantee of protection, E. lagopaivae is considered a Critically Endangered (CR) species.

Keywords: Anatomy, Asparagales, Endemism, Hippeastreae, São Paulo

Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha & Dutilh, sp. nov.

Diagnosis: Eithea lagopaivae differs from E. blumenavia (Figure 3) by its smaller size, one flowered inflorescence (vs. 2–6, very rarely 1), a fully hollow scape (vs. solid in the lower fifth), terminated by spathe bracts fused for more than the lower fifth of their length (vs. free or fused up to the lower fifth), absence of bracteoles (vs. presence), white or only very lightly striated flowers (vs. strongly striated) and lateral and lower petals of similar width (vs. lateral petals up to twice the width of the lower).

Distribution, habitat and ecology: Eithea lagopaivae is known from only two small populations separated about 50 km, each composed of less than 50 individuals. The type population (Piracicaba) occurs in the understory of an abandoned Eucalyptus plantation, next to fragments of deciduous and semideciduous forest, where the Corumbataí river meets the Piracicaba river. The second is located in a small fragment of semideciduous forest, near the junction of the basins of the Piracicaba and Tietê rivers in the municipality of Tietê (Figure 4). Both fragments are located on gravelly soils of litholic limestone origin (Oliveira and Prado 1989). The region presents a well-defined seasonality, with total annual rainfall of 1230 mm and precipitation of 50 mm or less, for six months, during autumn and winter. During spring and summer, rainfall exceeds 100 mm for six months, reaching close to 250 mm in January (EMBRAPA 2003). Ants were observed removing elaiosomes from the seeds of E. lagopaivae in their natural habitat, indicating that these animals might be dispersal agents, as is known for Griffinia.

Etymology: The epithet is a tribute to Celso do Lago Paiva, environmental analyst at ICMBio, who has collected the plant for the first time and has dedicated his life to the study and conservation of the flora of Brazil.

Figure 2. Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha & Dutilh
A Typical habitat (October 2016) B Individual plant flowering amid trash dumped at type locality C Flowering plant (Campos-Rocha 1647) D Flower buds E Flower, frontal view (Bernacci 4483) F Flower buds and flowers (Campos-Rocha 1654) G Plants in fruit H Mature capsule exposing the seeds I Seed (elaiosome indicated by the arrow).

Resumo: Eithea lagopaivae Campos-Rocha & Dutilh, sp. nov. é descrita como a segunda espécie do gênero previamente monotípico Eithea. Caracteriza-se por apresentar a inflorescência uniflora, escapo totalmente oco, flor alva ou com leves estrias magenta, protegida por brácteas espatáceas fundidas na base por mais de um quinto do seu comprimento. Comentários sobre a sua área de ocorrência, hábitat, dados de fenologia, fotografias e ilustrações são fornecidos. Adicionalmente, um mapa de distribuição e uma chave de identificação para as duas espécies do gênero são apresentados e suas diferenças anatômicas e ecológicas comparadas. Conhecida de apenas duas pequenas populações sujeitas a diversos tipos de ameaça e sem qualquer garantia de proteção, E. lagopaivae é considerada uma espécie Criticamente em Perigo (CR) de extinção.

Palavras-chave: Anatomia, Asparagales, Endemismo, Hippeastreae, São Paulo

 Antonio Campos-Rocha, Alan William Meerow, Edimar Faria Menezes Lopes, João Semir, Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer and Julie Henriette Antoinette Dutilh. 2017. Eithea lagopaivae, A New Critically Endangered Species in the previously Monotypic Genus Eithea Ravenna (Amaryllidaceae). PhytoKeys. 85: 45-58.  DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.85.13369