τιμωροῦνται κτἑ.: cf. Arist. Rhet. i. 10. 17 διαφέρει δὲ τιμωρία καὶ κόλασις: ἡ μὲν γὰρ κόλασις τοῦ πάσχοντος ἕνεκά ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ τιμωρία τοῦ ποιοῦντος, ἵνα ἀποπληρωθῇ (be satisfied). The rare pres. mid. of κολάζω occurs also Ar. Vesp. 405 νῦν ἐκεῖνο τοὐξύθυμον, ᾧ κολαζόμεσθα, κέντρον ἐντέτατ᾽ ὀξύ now that choleric sting, with which we punish, is sharp and ready for action; the aor., Menex. 240 d δεξάμενοι καὶ κολασάμενοι τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν, Xen. An. ii. 5. 13 ἂν κολάσαισθε, and the fut. is freq.
ἀποδέδεικται κτἑ.: replying to Socrates's objection 319 b f., Protagoras argues, “All men blame and punish, not for natural defects, but for avoidable faults. But punishment can have reference (Protagoras asserts) only to prevention, i.e. to the teaching of virtue; hence the Athenians and others (show that they) think virtue can be taught.” This is in the place of showing ὡς διδακτόν ἐστιν ἡ ἀρετή 320 c.
