τῷ . . . ξένῳ: when a subst. with the art. takes an attrib. modifier, a dem., esp. οὗτος, may be inserted after the modifier and before the noun. Cf. 338 a τὸ ἀκριβὲς τοῦτο εἶδος, Dem. VI. 21 αἱ πρὸς τοὺς τυράννους αὗται λίαν ὁμιλίαι, Plato Phil. 50 b ἐν τῇ τοῦ βίου ξυμπάσῃ τραγῳδίᾳ. From the point of view of the Athenians, ξένῳ places in a clearer light the inconsiderateness of Hippocrates, and here by its position it intensifies the reproach of Socrates.
ὄρθριος: temporal adj. for adv. Cf. Thuc. ii. 49. 4 διεφθείροντο οἱ πλεῖστοι ἐναταῖοι καὶ ἑβδομαῖοι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἐντὸς καύματος (on the ninth and the seventh day), Hom. A 424, 472, 497, α 443, and very freq. See Seymour Hom. Lang. and Verse § 38; G. 138, N. 7; H. 619.
ὡς ἤδη διεγνωκώς: as though you had already fully decided.
συνεστέον: σύνειμι is used, like συγγίγνομαι, with the meaning am (or become) one's pupil.
διείλεξαι: sc. αὐτῷ. Instead of the rel. repeated in a different case, a personal or dem. pron. is commonly used; or, as here, the pron. <*> be omitted altogether. See G. 156; H. 1005.