Showing posts with label Architects. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Architects. Show all posts

Thursday, May 7, 2020

May 7, 1941 -- South Side Community Art Center Dedicated


magazine.iit.edu


May 7, 1941 – Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt spends ten hours in Chicago, during which time she dedicates the South Side Community Art Center at 3831 South Michigan Avenue.  Dr. Margaret Burroughs, a graduate of Englewood High School, with a group of other African American artists, collarborated in the establishment of a place where their art could be created and displayed.  Burroughs served, at the age of 25, as the youngest member of the center’s Board of Directors.  She would spend much of her career, teaching at DuSable High School.  During that career she and her husband, Charles, co-founded what is today the DuSable Museum of African American History.  Chicago’s Thirty-First Street beach is named after her as, among her many other accomplishments, she served as a commissioner of the Chicago Park District for 25 years.  The South Side Community Art Center was established with help from the Federal Art Project of Illinois, which was itself part of the Works Progress Administration, a massive federal effort to provide relief to a wide variety of Americans suffering as a result of the Depression of the 1930’s.  The government agreed to provide an administrative staff, faculty, and renovation funds for the center if the community would raise the money to purchase a building and the necessary supplies to make it function.  It is still in operation today.  According to its website, “SSCAC continues to serve as an established resource for the art community locally, nationally and abroad.  As the oldest African American art center in the USA SSCAC takes pride in its past and present contributions to the development and showcasing of emerging and established artists.”  The center seeks to nurture and educate young artists, providing gallery space, along with educational programs.  The building in which the center is located was completed in 1893.  Architect Gustav Hallberg designed the building as a home for grain merchant George A. Seaverns, Jr.


May 7, 1993 –The Chicago Tribune reports that the United States Coast Guard has approved a request by the city to restrict the opening of river bridges to recreational boaters.  The trial period will run through May 31, “to see if the city request for the additional restriction on the operations of the bridges would be feasible.” [Chicago Tribune, May 7, 1993] Under the provisions of the plan bridges will be opened for recreational boaters only between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on Sundays and after 6:30 p.m. on Tuesdays and Thursdays.  There must be at least five boats in a group in order for the bridges to open with 25 boats as the top limit.  Additionally, a request must be made to the city at least 24 hours in advance. For years Mayor Richard J. Daley had groused about opening the river bridges for pleasure boaters, saying at one point, “Did you ever see a sailboat at 12 o’clock, downtown, you see one sailboat going down the Chicago River? You have to raise all these bridges for one sailboat – then you wonder why fire and police can’t get across and you wonder why when [bridges] get stuck.”  Once the test period is over, the city must support its claim of heavy surface traffic over the bridges by supplying the Coast Guard with the number of vehicles passing in 15-minute periods over two weeks, among other forms of documentation. Today the bridges raise for pleasure boaters during the spring and autumn months on Wednesdays and Saturdays.  In the above 1993 photo pleasure boaters sail north past the Civic Opera building, headed for the main stem of the river and Lake Michigan.




May 7, 1959 – The Chicago Daily Tribune engages in a bit of gloating after a day earlier it had run an editorial that called for the revival of a 1957 proposal for the improvement of the south bank of the Chicago River near the Michigan Avenue bridge.  Voices are heard in City Hall endorsing the long-range plan that includes the extension of Wacker Drive east from Michigan Avenue to meet Lake Shore Drive as well as “a river bank of flowers with outdoor, French type cafes spotted along the banks.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, May 7, 1959] With the exception of a 190-foot city-owned parcel just east of the bridge, the land on the south bank is owned by the Illinois Central Railroad.  The article includes a rendering, shown above, that gives an idea of what the south bank might look like if the plan is implemented.

J. Bartholomew Photo


May 7, 1902 – Hundreds of people line Lake Shore Drive north of Oak Street to pay a final tribute to Potter Palmer. The Reverend James S. Stone, rector of St. James’ Episcopal Church, leads modest services inside the Palmer mansion. The honorary pallbearers are led by Marshall Field and Robert T. Lincoln. Active pallbearers include: Carter H. Harrison, J. Ogden Armour, Frank O. Lowden, H. G. Selfridge, James H. Eckels, Cyrus H. McCormick, Watson E. Blair, and Otto Gresham. Carriages line up on Schiller, entering the mansion’s yard through the north gate as Mrs. Palmer, accompanied by her sons, Potter Palmer, Jr. and HonorĂ©, enter them for the ride to Graceland Cemetery. Large delegations from the Iroquois Club and the Hotel Men’s Association also are present.

world'sfairchiago1893.com


May 7, 1893 –A sad day at the World’s Columbian Exposition as poor General Davis, a Florida alligator, is laid to rest, having succumbed to the less-than-tropical conditions of the fair’s lagoon.  It seems that five weeks earlier two alligators were caught in Central Florida and shipped to the Fisheries Department of the World’s Fair.  They were named Columbus and General Davis and upon arrival at the fairgrounds, they were “given space at the edge of the Lagoon.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, May 8, 1893].  Apparently, no one stopped to consider that an early May day in Florida is a considerably different day than one finds in Chicago.  The newspaper account dryly observed, “After the ‘gators had shivered in the lagoon for a day or two, it was determined to take them out again and give them warmer quarters until the weather got warmer.”  The guests from Florida were in no mood to be moved once again and “the Aquarians showed fight, and everyone was afraid to go near them.” At last, though, they were taken to the Horticultural Building and allowed to bask in the 90-degree heat – too late, it seems, for poor General Davis, and notification was sent that one dead alligator needed to be transported from the building.  A gang showed up, led by an unfortunate soul “who simply knew that he was to find an alligator in a box and haul it off and who thought it was a simple affair.”  The worker, wielding an axe, knocked the top off the box and “seized the animal by the tail in a business-like way”.  Columbus, the live alligator, had been roused.  The creature’s tail “flourished around for a minute or two like the tail of a terrier; and but for the sides of the box would have broken every bone in the man’s body … the great jaws opened and shut savagely with a clash like a steel trap, and the snorting of the insulted alligator could be heard down at the Administration building.”  The worker who opened the box fled and would not return.  The rest of the gang nailed the top back on the box, then lifted the “rude casket” of General Davis into a wagon and headed off.  The wagon’s driver accepted the hide of General Davis in return for his morning’s work.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

February 15, 2011 -- Louis Sullivan Masterpiece Is Target-ed

flickr.com
February 15, 2011 – Target Corp. announces plans to open a store in the Sullivan Center at 1 South State Street, a space that has stood empty since Carson Pirie Scott closed its State Street store four years earlier.  The retailer will lease 124,000 square feet of the building, part of which will be composed of 54,000 feet of selling space on two floors.  Mayor Daley says of the decision, “I applaud Target for bringing this urban store concept to Chicago, as well as the new jobs and economic opportunity this store will create.  Target will be an important addition to State Street, one of Chicago’s most important retail centers, and will be located in one of the city’s most architecturally significant buildings.” [Chicago Tribune, February 16, 2011]  The city has spent $24.4 million in tax-increment-financing to help restore the building, an architectural masterpiece designed by Louis Sullivan.  Chicago developer Joseph Freed and Associates, the owner of the building, has spent another $190 million on the structure over the preceding decade.



February 15, 1935 – Louis H. Skidmore, the man in charge of the demolition of the buildings at the Century of Progress exposition, announces that work will begin on clearing the site.  The buildings that are to be demolished originally cost over $10,000,000 and include the Sky Ride, the Hall of Science, the Home Planning, Food and Agriculture buildings, the States building, the Dairy building, the Wings of a Century theater, the Electrical building, and the Lagoon Fountain.  Although the wrecking company is based in Springfield, the 500 men working on the razing of the buildings will all be hired in Chicago.  Remaining on the site will be the Administration building, Fort Dearborn, the Lagoon Theater, the DuSable cabin, and the boardwalk around the lagoons.



February 15, 1933 -- Postmaster General Walter F. Brown dedicates the world's largest post office in a ceremony that includes speeches, singing and music by the post office band in the lobby of the building's Van Buren Street entrance. In his remarks Brown says, "A few less than 7,000 workers normally will spend about one-third of their adult lives in this building. Here will be sorted and dispatched 6,500,000 letters and circulars, 300,000 packages and 80,000 sacks of newspaper and parcel post, which originate in Chicago each week, destined for every part of the globe."



February 15, 1880 – The Chicago Daily Tribune reports that the triangular block lying between North Avenue, La Salle Street, North Clark Street, and Eugenie Street has been sold to H. A. Hurlbut for $100,000.  Close to the horse cars and adjacent to Lincoln Park, the property “has had no charms for the speculator or investor” [Chicago Daily Tribune, February 15, 1880], but plans are now in place to build a private residence between Clark and La Salle south of Eugenie Street and a dozen residences, six on each side of the triangular tract, just south of that home.  The houses “will have marble fronts, and will be three stories high, besides basement, with a frontage of 20 and 22 feet.”  The area in question has not seen development, despite its excellent location, because no single buyer was willing to risk such an investment without knowledge of what would be built on the adjoining lots.  “Now that the whole property has passed into a single hand,” the Tribune reports, “… this quarter will certainly take its place as one of the most eligible residence spots in the city.  People who live there will have a marine view of the lake, over the trees of the park, not to be rivaled by anything else in Chicago.  They will be in the continuation of the most fashionable thoroughfare of the North Division, and within easy distance of the heart of the city.”  The “Old Town Triangle,” purchased for a hundred-grand back In 1880 is within the red boundary shown above.  Today the Moody Church, a couple of gas stations and a bank occupy the property.

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

January 29, 1935 -- Highland Park Mansion Sells to Maurice L. Rothschild


-->
explore.chicagocollections.org

January 29, 1935 – The president and namesake of Maurice L. Rothschild, Inc. purchases the 18-acre estate of the late A. G. Becker, a La Salle Street banker.  Becker built the Highland Park home in 1922 with plans drawn by architect Howard Van Doren Shaw.  The grounds around the home were designed by Jens Jensen and feature three ravines and a lake frontage of 1,000 feet.  Becker died in 1925, and his widow, Kate, occupied the residence until shortly before the sale.  The estate was saved in 2007 when Wendy and Jim Abrams stepped up to purchase the estate from developer Orren Pickell, a move that kept the coveted North Shore property from being subdivided.  Pickell had purchased the property for $19 million after U. S. Marshals had seized it from owner Mickey Segal.  The above rendering shows Howard Van Doren Shaw’s rendering for the west elevation of the main house.  For an understanding of the sumptuousness of the home and the grandeur of Jensen’s landscape design, check out this slideshow.

galleries.apps.chicagotribune.com
January 29, 1944 –The vice-president of W-G-N Inc. announces that the radio station has placed an order for a 40,000-watt transmitter and filed for an application for a television wavelength and construction permit with the Federal Communications Commission. Although no work can begin until the conclusion of the war, W-G-N’s application will be the first permit that will lead to construction when hostilities cease.  The announcement comes on the heels of the station’s announcement on New Year’s Day that it plans to build a new building on a site owned by the Chicago Tribune that fronts on Michigan Avenue.  The building will “contain large spaces suggestive of Hollywood movie stages … The entire top floor of the building will be devoted to television, under plans tentatively approved.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, January 30, 1944]  W-G-N has also ordered four television cameras, two equipped with telephoto lenses.  It is anticipated that in-home receivers, which before the war measured 12 by 15 inches at the most, will have screens up to 18 by 24 inches when production begins … although “staggering economic problems must be solved before these potentialities may be realized.”  The photo shows preparations to lay the cornerstone at the new television building on July 6, 1950.


January 29, 1911 -- A new tunnel is opened that carries Washington Boulevard under the Chicago River, the second tunnel at this location. The first one was opened in 1869, but an Act of Congress in 1904 declared it an "unreasonable obstruction to free navigation," and the Secretary of War ordered its removal. Because the roof of the old tunnel was less than 17 feet below the surface of the river, vessels were constantly grounding themselves on it, obstructing river traffic in a narrow channel filled with ships heading to the lumber yards and grain silos to the south. When the river was reversed in 1900, the river had even less depth which prompted the action of Congress four years later. The new tunnel lay 27 feet below the surface and extended for 1,520 feet. The tunnel was still used by streetcars in the early 1950's, but the portals were filled in during the 1960's and a tunnel at Washington Street ceased to exist after close to a hundred years of service.


January 29, 1900 – Mayor Carter Harrison presents a proposal to the City Council concerning the removal of center pier bridges and other obstructions from the Chicago River.  The mayor sets forth two goals in his proposal: (1) to rid the city of all of the old swing bridges and replace them with bascule bridges; and (2) to clear the river of impediments, such as the massive turntables on which the swing bridges are seated, so that the river will have a maximum flow toward the new Sanitary and Ship Canal, opened less than a month earlier.  The mayor’s proposal states, “The trustees of the Sanitary District, with wise forethought, have kept all obstructions out of their canal.  There is not a center pier defacing its surface or interfering with its free use or shipping from Robey Street to the controlling works at Lockport.  The river, today a part of this channel, should be equally free of obstructions.  Without its free and unobstructed use the day is not far distant when the requirements of the sanitary law of a minimum flow of water may not be had.  Increased flow of water will be impossible while the center pier bridges, now obstructions in the main branch and that portion of the South Branch from Lake street to Robey street, remain.  In short the existence of center pier bridges threatens the efficiency of the canal … I would recommend that either the special committee already referred to or the standing Committee on Harbors, Viaducts, and Bridges be instructed by your honorable body to request the Trustees of the Sanitary District immediately to take up the question of removing at their own expense, all center pier bridges now serving as obstructions in that portion of the Chicago River which may properly be regarded as a part of the drainage channel and substituting in their stead modern bridges of the bascule type.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, January 30, 1900] Two years later the city’s first trunnion bascule bridge would open at Cortland Street on the North Branch, and it would be followed in rapid succession by many more.  The above photo shows the bridge at Rush Street and gives a clear idea of the impediments that the river bridges' center piers created.


January 29, 1872 – The Chicago Common Council takes up Section 7 of the proposed Fire Ordinance, which reads:  “No wood building or part of building within said city limits shall be raised, enlarged, or repaired, except as herein provided: nor shall any such building, or part of building, be removed from one lot or place to another within the said limits of said city; nor shall any such building be removed from without the city limits to any place within said city; nor shall any wooden building within the limits of said city, which may be damaged less than 50 per cent of its value, be so repaired as to be raised higher than the highest point left standing after such damage shall have occurred, nor so as to occupy a greater space than before the injury thereto.”  This is a strict covenant that attempts to make sure that the disastrous fire of three months earlier does not occur again.  But the council members go straight to work on amending the strictness out of the bill.  One amendment substitutes “fire limits” for “city limits.”  Another amendment proposes that the Board of Public Works may grant permits to move any building from one place to another as long as the move occurs outside the fire limits.  An alderman moves to amend the article with the phrase “provided it shall not be moved on to an improved street.”  An Alderman Gardner “thought the Council might just as well pass no ordinance at all as to pass that amendment.  It defeated the protection of the city, and was its death-knell.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, January 30, 1872] Another amendment is offered, proposing that “Any person wishing to remove a wooden building, for the purpose of building brick or stone on the same lot, will be allowed to move further away from the centre of the city; also, any person owning a house on a leased lot shall have the same privilege.”  Ultimately, the amendment that carries the night is offered by Alderman Gill.  It considerably weakens the original wording of Section 7, following the words “from one lot or other in the said limits of said city,” in the original with this addition, “except it be removed in a certain direction, to-wit, from the centre of the city toward the city limits.”  That amendment is approved, and the meeting immediately adjourns.  As the city begins to rebuild, the struggle to save the ruined city from itself moves forward.  The above diagram shows that the final ordinance did do much to diminish the prominence of wooden buildings, but it also clearly shows that huge sections of the city are left out of the mandate.

Monday, January 20, 2020

January 20, 1936 -- John Jacob Glessner Dies


-->
John Jacob Glessner
glessnerhouse.org
January 20, 1936 – John Jacob Glessner dies in his home at 1800 Prairie Avenue at the age of 93.  Glessner was born January 26, 1843 in Zanesville, Ohio.  At the age of 20 he moved to Springfield, Ohio to take a position with a farm implement company, Warder, Child and Co. and within five years was a junior partner in the firm.  In 1870 he and his wife, Frances, whom he married in 1870, moved to Chicago where Glessner established a sales office for the company.  By the end of the decade he was a full partner in the firm, renamed Warder, Bushnell and Glessner.  Nearing the age of 60, Glessner orchestrated a merger of the company with McCormick, Deering, Plano Manufacturing and the Milwaukee Harvester Company to form International Harvester for which he served as chairman of the executive committee.  Although active in civic affairs, Glessner is today best known for the 17,000-square foot home that he commissioned Boston architect Henry Hobson Richardson to design for the family.  Finished in 1887, the Glessner House website describes the impressive mansion in this way, “Designed during the Gilded Age, when America’s newly rich industrialists were living in modern-day castles, Glessner House represents architect Henry Hobson Richardson’s response to the Glessners’ desire for a simple, comfortable home that retained the ‘cozy’ feeling of their previous home on West Washington Street.”  [glessnerhouse.org]


Henry Augustus Garfield
wikipedia.com
January 20, 1918 – At the stroke of midnight the city begins the first of a series of ten consecutive Mondays in which the heating of businesses is forbidden.  Although meat markets and stores that sell food will be exempted from the ban, all department stores will be closed.  High schools are open although grade schools will be closed on Mondays and Tuesdays.  The prohibition is issued by the head of the Federal Fuel Administration, Harry Augustus Garfield, in response to a nation-wide shortage of coal that is the result of a massive transportation logjam on the east coast.  The Chicago Daily Tribune reports that many saloons obey the letter of the law although not the spirit of it.  “Bartenders wearing overcoats, sweaters, and gloves bustled about setting ‘em up for the chilled patrons, who also kept bundled up while they were partaking of the drinks the government had ruled were not to be dispensed,” the Tribune reports. [Chicago Daily Tribune, January 21, 1918] M. J. McCarthy, the secretary of the Liquor Dealers’ Protective Association, says, “I regret that we were not able to impress upon them that it is the feeling of the fuel administration that no liquor should be sold at all.  The Liquor Dealers’ Protective association does not believe in obeying the letter and violating the spirit of the law.” It is estimated that 200,000 men and women will be out of work on the heatless Mondays with a resulting loss in income totaling $3,500,000.  The cost of violating the law is steep – a fine of $5,000, imprisonment of two years, or both, with each infraction of the law counting as a separate violation. 



January 20, 1955 – Mayor Martin H. Kennelly digs the first shovel of dirt, and the construction of the northwest highway begins.  The shovel is the same one used by late Chicago Mayor Edward Kelly in 1938 when he kicked off construction of the State Street subway.  The northwest highway ceremony takes place at 740 West Adams Street where the Consolidated Construction Company will build a $425,499 bridge to carry Adams Street traffic over the new expressway.  The highway, which will begin at the new Congress Street expressway and head northwest to O'Hare Field, is expected to cost $139 million.  The expressway will be officially opened on November 5, 1960.  A week after President John F. Kennedy is assassinated on November 22, 1963 the Chicago City Council votes unanimously to rename the expressway in honor of the late president.  The above photo shows the opening of the expressway on November 5, 1960.  Illinois Governor William G. Stratton presides as Mayor Richard J. Daley on his left and Cook County Board President Dan Ryan on his right look on.


January 20, 1944 – Mrs. Adele Born Williams dies in St. Luke’s Hospital after being shot a night earlier in her room at the Drake Hotel.  Williams is the 58-year-old wife of Frank Starr Williams, an attachĂ© of the United States State Department, posted in Washington, D. C.  She entered her eighth-floor apartment at the hotel with her daughter, Mrs. Patricia Goodbody, almost immediately encountering a woman who was “gray haired, about 50 years old, and wore a black Persian lamb coat, and flowers or red trimming in her hair or hat.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, January 21, 1944] Investigators picture the murderess as “a little cunning, a little savage, and probably a little mute … she uttered no word, no cry as she opened fire on her defenseless victim.”  There were four shots, fired at such close range that the flame from the weapon seared the victim’s face and left hand.  Two witnesses hear the gunfire and see the fleeing woman who fired the weapon.  “I opened the door as I heard the shots,” Chester P. Brewster, general manager of the K-D Tool Manufacturing Company of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, says.  “As I did so, a woman brushed by me, then a few seconds later there was a scream and a woman, whom I now know as Mrs. Goodbody, came out of apartment 836 screaming, ‘Do something, do something!  My mother’s been shot!’”  An intensive investigation would drag on for months, with twist after bizarre twist intriguing Chicagoans. No one was ever prosecuted for the crime, and the case remains unsolved.



January 20, 1909 -- Over 50 laborers perish in the intermediate crib of the George W. Jackson tunnel building company, 1.5 miles from the Chicago shore at Seventy-First Street as it is engulfed in fire. There are only a few windows in the structure, which served as a base in the tunnel building effort to supply the south side of the city with fresh water. Men fight one another to jump into the freezing lake waters in order to escape the flames. Survivors say some men even jumped down the 180-foot shaft connecting the crib with the tunnel under construction. Some make for shore; one man with one eye dangling from its socket is rescued clinging to an aerial tramway connecting the crib to shore. The tug T. T. Mumford, tied up at Sixty-Eighth Street, makes for the scene as quickly as it can in the ice-choked lake, arriving to find naked men, awoken from their sleep, clinging to ice floes and shouting for help from the water. The tug manages to pick up over 40 survivors, dropping the less grievously injured off at the Sixty-Eighth Street crib before continuing to shore with the most severe cases. In the meantime fireboats arrive to find the crib totally ablaze. As the day wears on it is clear the death toll will be high. Not a single body that is recovered is identifiable. 45 victims are buried in Mount Greenwood Cemetery.