Showing posts with label 1960. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1960. Show all posts

Friday, June 12, 2020

June 12, 1960 -- Chicago River North Branch ... Disgusting

bettergov.org
June 12, 1960 – The Chicago Daily Tribune reports on a “sight seeing boat ride” [Chicago Daily Tribune, June 12, 1960] that 35 members of the Municipal Art League of Chicago take up the North Branch of the river.  The 35 women along for the cruise are “happy with the ride and disgusted with the sights.”  Mrs. Cyril H. Brown, vice-president of the organization, says, “the landscape along the river is a disgrace to the city… The banks of the river on both sides are disgustingly unsightly.  We intended to note all the places along the river bank that could be beautified and we found 90 per cent of it is terrible.”  The trip took the women up the North Branch to Foster Avenue with a side trip at Argyle Street to cruise a half-mile up the North Shore Channel.  Brown remains optimistic that improvements can be made, saying, “If the women are strong enough to get one company to improve its banks, the interest of the other owners might also be aroused.”  The above photo shows the North Branch nine years after the ladies took their cruise.


June 12, 1970 – One might peg this date as the day that Chicago finally began to get serious about cleaning up the Chicago River as Mayor Richard J. Daley announces plans to beautify the banks of the river along 38 miles, extending from the city to the Calumet River.  Wait for it . . . “I hope we will live to see the day there will be fishing in the river,” said the mayor.  “Maybe even a bicycle path along the bank.  Perhaps swimming.” [Chicago Tribune, June 13, 1970]  John Egan, president of the Chicago Sanitary District, says that the district is the owner of extensive areas of property along the river, much of it leased and that a lessee’s failure to improve that property could result in hearings and forfeiture.  The city’s corporation counsel, Richard L. Curry, says that Chicago can fine river front polluters up to $500 a day.  “We can get injunctions to force them to abate conditions, or the city can move in and do the work and file liens,” Curry says.  Forty-six years later the city is still working on it, but the River Walk on the main stem of the river, along with other anticipated improvements, shows clearly how far Chicago has come.



June 12, 1952 – The Chicago Daily Tribune reports that the Herlihy Mid-Continent Company is the low bidder for the construction of an extension of the Ida B. Wells public housing project at Thirty-Seventh Street and Vincennes Avenue.  The contractor submits a bid of $4,482,000, and Chicago Housing Authority officials say the contract will be awarded after all the bids are studied and approved by the public housing administration of the federal government.  The project will consist of 455 apartments in seven structures of seven stories.  This will be the fifth of twelve new public housing projects to reach the construction stage.  The project, named for African-American journalist and newspaper editor Ida B. Wells, was begun in 1939 and at its completion had 1,662 apartments. Demolition of the high-rise buildings of the community began in late 2002.  In 2003 construction began on the mixed-income community of Oakwood Shores, and the last two residential buildings of the former development at 3718 South Vincennes Avenue were leveled in 2011. The area outlined in red in the above photo shows the Oakwood Shores community as it exists today.


google.com
June 12, 1947 – The cornerstone of the Chicago Tribune’s new building, to the north and east of the famous tower, is dedicated as Colonel Robert R. McCormick, editor and publisher of the paper, heads up the ceremony.  A steel box is placed in the cornerstone with 60 items, including an 1847 penny donated by Mrs. Odie Johnson of 4718 Michigan Avenue.  The new building is located on the southwest corner of St. Clair and Illinois Streets and has connections to Tribune Tower as well as the W.G.N. studio on Michigan Avenue.  It will provide a dozen new studios and office space for W.G.N. and for the expansion of Tribune news and business offices.  The basement and first floor will provide 39 new press units, making the Tribune’s pressroom the largest in the world with 140 presses and 23 four-color presses.  New master control rooms and a television studio for W.G.N. television will also be included in the new building, which will increase space for the Tribune mailing room, circulation department, composing and stereotype departments, and photographic and engraving departments.  All floors will be at the same level as present Tribune buildings so that the new structure will be a part of a comprehensive block of buildings, rather than a separate structure.  The structure shaded in red to the right of the tower with the Gothic top is the section of Tribune property that was begun on this day in 1947.



June 12, 1929 – The Palmolive Building opens its doors for inspection as 60 tenants of the brand-new office building greet the respondents of over 17,000 invitations sent out before the occasion.  “The building marks a milestone in the city’s commercial development,” the Chicago Daily Tribune reports, “Located a mile north of the smoke and noise of the congested Loop and standing on one of the most important corners of Chicago’s most resplendent avenue – North Michigan at Walton Place – the towering mass of the Palmolive Building marks what will probably be for many years to come the dividing line between purely residential and commercial Chicago.”  Today, of course, we call this building’s style Art Deco, but the look was still new in Chicago and, in fact, this office tower is quite different from its stylistic family members in the Loop, much more a “New York” style of Art Deco than the tower-and-flanking wings style that Chicago designers embraced.  The Palmolive Building sets back in six different places so that floor areas grow increasingly smaller, moving from 16,000 feet to 3,000 feet.  Holabird and Root are the architects of the new building with Lundoff-Bicknell acting as general contractors.

Sunday, May 31, 2020

May 31, 1960 -- Federal Center Announced


May 31, 1960 – The Chicago Daily Tribune reports that four Chicago architecture firms are joining together to plan “a glass and steel structure” [Chicago Daily Tribune, May 31, 1960] that will replace the federal courthouse.  It will sit on the east side of Dearborn Street between Adams Street and Jackson Boulevard, providing more than 1.3 million square feet of space for somewhere around 5,500 employees of the United States courts and 19 federal agencies.  The paper reports that “The surrounding walks and plaza, as well as the lobby floors, will feature granite paving.  The lofty first floor of the 30 story building will be devoted primarily to the lobby, stairways, and 24 elevators.”  Plans include air conditioning and “if conditions warrant, atomic bomb shelters.”  Completion date for the building is slated for late 1963 with final drawings due by the end of 1960.  This will be the first of two tall government buildings that will replace the old courthouse across Dearborn Street, a building that will be razed as the courthouse is being constructed so that a new federal building can be constructed in its place.  The architectural firms involved in the project are: the office of Mies van der Rohe; Schmidt, Garden, and Erikson; C. F. Murphy; and A. Epstein and Sons.



May 31, 1952 – Major Lenox R. Lohr, president of the Science Museum, today’s Museum of Science and Industry, announces that visitors will soon be able to walk through an 18-foot heart, part of a 3,000 square foot exhibit sponsored by the Chicago Heart Association. As part of the experience a human pulse will be audible. In another part of the exhibit the circulation of blood will be illustrated. The heart would fit into the chest of a 28-story human, which will make the museum an educational facility with a very big heart, indeed.

chicagoparkdistrict.com
May 31, 1926 “The Seated Lincoln” is unveiled in Grant Park at a location just east of Van Buren Street. It is the last work of Augustus St. Gaudens, who died in 1907.  Judge Charles S. Cutting delivers the principal address at the ceremony, saying, “Lincoln was in every sense a real human character.  Abraham Lincoln has become a world figure.  He is the symbol of law and liberty throughout the world.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, June 1, 1926]. All of the principal players involved in bringing the statue to Chicago have long since died.  Augustus Saint-Gaudens completed the first model for the sculpture in 1897, but it was destroyed by a fire in his studio.  He had another model ready for casting in 1906 and died a year later. John Crerar, who died in 1889, began the process by which the statue came to Chicago by leaving $100,000 in his will to create it.  Both of the trustees entrusted with Crerar’s Lincoln fund have died as has New York architect Stanford White, who St.-Gaudens named to design the architectural setting for the monument.  It has been 37 years, then, between the time Crerar funded the statue and its unveiling in Grant Park.  Originally, according to a design by architect Daniel Burnham, the monument was to have stood near a similar monument to George Washington near the proposed Field Museum in Grant Park.  Nothing was done for nearly two decades, though, as Aaron Montgomery Ward led the city into a series of law suits over the appropriate use of Grant Park, ultimately prevailing in his belief that the park should remain parkland. The final case was decided in 1910, and development of the park began.  During this time the sculpture was on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York as well as the 1915 San Francisco Exposition.   In 1924 the South Park Commissioners allocated a permanent site on what they intended to be the Court of Presidents and the sculpture was dedicated on this date in 1926.  The commissioners’ intent to install a similar monument to George Washington opposite Lincoln’s seated form never materialized. 

May 31, 1900 – At noon a Northwestern Elevated Railroad train carrying invited guests enters the Union Loop and “the new road, the last one to be completed of those composing the great elevated railroad system of Chicago—the greatest in the world—was formally opened.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, May 31, 1900] Twenty minutes later the train is speeding northward, having circled the Loop, carrying 250 passengers, all guests of the company.  It takes 22 minutes to reach the northern terminus of the line at Wilson Avenue. On the way the train passes five trains headed south, all packed with paying passengers.  It is a BIG DEAL.  The Tribune reports, “Along the entire line of the road the windows were filled with people, who cheered and waved their handkerchiefs as the four cars composing the first train rolled by.  Tugs and factory whistles violated the anti-noise ordinances in the most flagrant way.”  The guests on the train disembark at the Wilson Avenue station and make their way to Sheridan Park, a station on the Milwaukee Road, where lunch is served. Afterward a ceremony is held on a temporary rostrum.  The Chicago Commissioner of Public Works proclaims, “The completion of the road marks an era in the history of the North Side and will tend to the development of this part of the city.”  The President of the railroad, D. H. Louderback, says, “We intend to make our road the best in the country. Its construction is perfect, and with its four tracks it is the best and most flexible in the city.  We will aim to accommodate all passengers.” This was the last hurrah for Charles Tyson Yerkes, the last line of his transit empire, and he spoke on this day only of the development that would come to the north side of the city because of the new railroad line.  After attempting to pass around a million dollars in bribes to get exclusive rights to operate a city-wide transit enterprise for a period of hundred years in 1899 – and failing to get the appropriate legislation passed – he was persona non grata in the exclusive social circles of the city and at City Hall.  By the end of 1900 he had sold the majority of his Chicago transit holdings and departed for New York.  The Northwestern Elevated Railroad still exists today – hop on the Red Line in the Loop and head north.  The above photos show the railroad under construction and as it appeared at about the time of its opening.

Friday, May 29, 2020

May 29, 1960 -- Fullerton Avenue Bridge to Be Replaced with Fixed Structure


bridgehunter.com
Google Earth Pro
May 29, 1960 – The Chicago Tribune reports that after four years of legal hassles, the city will finally begin work on replacing the 65-year-old swing bridge across the Chicago River at Fullerton Avenue.  The city’s chief bridge engineer, Stephen J. Michuda, says this is the oldest uncompleted bridge project in the city, indicating that he worked on plans for the replacement bridge when he was a young assistant engineer in 1936 and 1937.  In 1955 the federal government approved a fixed bridge at Fullerton Avenue, a move that would save the city between $3 and $4 million in construction costs and between $30,000 and $45,000 a year in operation and maintenance.  A fixed bridge was opposed by parties that had interests in shipping on the North Branch, opposition that delayed construction.   The black and white photo shows the fixed bridge at Fullerton Avenue. Notice the amount of space the turntable consumes in the middle of the channel. The second photo shows the fixed bridge as it exists today.


May 29, 1991 – After defeating the Detroit Pistons in the N.B.A. playoffs a day earlier, the Chicago Bulls learn that Detroit defender Dennis Rodman, who pushed Chicago forward Scottie Pippen out of bounds in Game 4, opening up a six-stitch gash under his chin, will be fined $5,000.  N.B.A. operations director Rod Thorn, says “We looked at the facts and made a judgment. We had our security people investigate, and we feel he was seriously contrite.  The fine was for pushing Pippen.”  [Chicago Tribune, May 30, 1991] On the same day a letter of apology from Rodman is received by the Bulls, N.B.A. officials, and members of Detroit, Chicago and national media outlets. Addressed to “Mr. Scottie Pippen,” the letter reads, “Dear Scottie, I am writing this letter to apologize to you for the incident that happened in Monday’s game.  You are a great player and I’m glad you weren’t hurt by the incident.  It was merely one of frustration.  I am not the type of player of which I have been accused.  The situation was one of those things which should not have happened.  I am ready and willing to accept any fines or consequences set by the league for my actions. I sincerely apologize to you, your teammates and the entire Chicago Bulls organization.  I also hope that there are no hard feelings between you, your teammates and me.  Good luck in the NBA finals—its’ a tough road ahead of you. Sincerely, Dennis Rodman.” Bulls coach Phil Jackson responds, “We accept his apology, but we won’t forget the incident. You accept the apology at face value.”  Michael Jordan also jumps in, saying, ”As a team, we’ve forgotten about that.  We beat them and achieved something.  We’ll deal with Detroit when we play them again.”  The Bulls went on to beat the Los Angeles Lakers in the championship series in five games.  The confrontation between Rodman and Pippen, who would become teammates, was intense as can be seen in this YouTube clip.



May 29, 1966 – The Chicago Tribune reports that the first steel has been erected above ground for the 120 South Riverside Plaza office building that is being constructed over the air rights of the railroad tracks of Union Station just west of the South Branch of the Chicago River.  The steel, produced at the South Works of United States Steel and fabricated at the Gary plant of the American Bridge division of U. S. Steel, is part of 9,100 tons of steel that will be needed to complete the 22-story structure, a duplicate of the building at 10 South Riverside Plaza.  Tishman Realty and Construction Company has plans for a total of four buildings in the area that will be called Gateway Center, a project that will cost an estimated 100 million dollars.


Chicago Tribune Photo
May 29, 1916 – The tugboats Iowa and Gary tow the hulk of the steamer Eastland down the north branch and into the main stem of the river, headed for South Chicago, where the vessel will be converted into a training ship for the Illinois naval reserve.  As the Eastland passes through the draw of the Wells Street bridge, homebound citizens, standing in the rain and remembering the 812 people carried to their deaths on the ship just ten months earlier, jeer at the sight.  “Take ‘er out into the lake and sink ‘er,” shouts one man.  “Blow’er up!  Scuttle ‘er! Put her at the bottom where she put her passengers,” shout others.  [Chicago Daily Tribune, May 30, 1916]. The crew on the tugboats and the few deckhands on the ghostly Eastland seem “to be a sort of ghost crew, ashamed to be caught aboard such a craft.” The taunting crowds bring the employees of the Reid, Murcoch and Co. to the windows of the building on the north side of the river, a place that had been used as a temporary hospital and morgue for the hundreds of victims of the disaster.  At each bridge – Clark … Dearborn … State … and Rush … several hundred people “stood in the rain and watched until it disappeared in the mist.” 



May 29, 1906 – A fire breaks out in Armour Elevator “D,” located on a slip on the west side of the Chicago River at approximately Twenty-Second Street and Morgan, smoldering undetected until it blows out the north and south ends of the elevator and lights the night sky enough to be seen from Ravenswood to South Chicago. Sixty-two fire engines, some of them from as far north as Lakeview, and three fireboats are called to fight the fire in a massive structure containing a million bushels of wheat, corn and oats. The first firemen on the scene have to haul their equipment down a bank to the slip to get close enough to the fire. There are no nearby fire hydrants, so all of the water has either to be pulled from the slip or else come from fireboats. The massive Commonwealth Electric company plant northwest of the elevator is repeatedly ignited by burning embers, so the fire department’s efforts are devoted chiefly to saving it as well as lumber yards that lie to the west. Acting Fire Chief McDonough states, “It was impossible to save the elevators, and all the efforts of the department were directed to saving the millions of dollars’ worth of property in the vicinity. The recent rains soaked the lumber in the adjacent yards and probably did considerable toward stopping the spread of the flames.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, May 30, 1906] The photo above shows the elevator as it appeared before the fire, which must have been a spectacular conflagration.


Saturday, February 29, 2020

February 29 -- Marina City Plans Announced

J. Bartholomew Photo
February 29, 1960 -- Plans are announced for the 36 million dollar Marina City project on the Chicago River. At 60 stories and 555 feet the two towers are projected to be the tallest housing structures in the world and the fourth tallest buildings in the city. There will be parking for 900 cars with 256 efficiency apartments, 576 one-bedroom units and 64 two-bedroom units with rents projected to start at $115. Besides the apartment towers there are to be a 10-story office building, a one-acre plaza and a theater which will seat 1,200. There is to be no mortgage on the project. Financing will take place under Title 7 of the National Housing Act, under which the government guarantees the debt assumed by the developer.

Friday, November 22, 2019

November 22, 1960 -- Marina City Begins

marinacity.org
google.com

November 22, 1960 – Between 600 and 700 people gather in a circus tent on a three-acre site between Dearborn and State Streets on the north side of the Chicago River to celebrate the beginning of construction on Marina City.  A highlight of the event comes when William L. McFetridge, president of the Marina City Building Corporation, speaks by telephone with President-Elect John F. Kennedy in Palm Beach.  Before the assembled crowd can listen to the conversation, broadcast over loudspeakers, a woman who answers the phone says she will have to go outside and fetch Kennedy from the beach.  Filling time, McFetridge “reminisced about the times he used to swim in the Chicago river long before he ever contemplated building 60 story apartment towers on its banks.”  [Chicago Daily Tribune, November 23, 1960]  Kennedy and other speakers praise the Building Service Employees’ Union, backer of the project, for its effort “to bring city living to the downtown area and halt the flight to the outskirts.”  John L. Waner, the director of the Federal Housing Administartion, which has insured $17,819,000 of the $24 million project, tells the crowd it is seeing the results “of the hard and tough fighting that has taken Charles Swibel more than a year to put the financing together on this project through F.H.A.”  The project came perilously close to ending before the F.H.A. decided that it would permit insurance on apartment buildings in commercial areas.  The top photo shows the area along the river in the early 1950's.  Marina City will fit in the exposed railroad yard between the lowest two bridges in the photo.  The second photo shows the area as it appears today.

historicbridges.ocm
google.com
November 22, 1930 – The new bridge that carries Roosevelt Road across the Chicago River’s South Branch is dedicated with Mayor William Hale Thompson, leaving Passavant Hospital where he is recovering from surgery, to take part in dedicating the $3,000,000 span. A parade to the bridge begins at Clark Street and Wacker Drive and heads south to the site of the dedication where a few hundred people are gathered.  Thompson remains in his car as he makes a speech in which he “reviewed the public projects of his administration, called attention to his plans for a new conference here in January on flood control and waterways development, assailed The Tribune as the city’s worst enemy, blamed the federal government and the railroads because it required 12 years to complete the Roosevelt bridge project, and informed the group that he was on his way back to health to work for them in the future as he had in the past.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, November 23, 1930]  The top photo shows the bridge nearing completion with the old swing bridge that it replaced still standing to the left.  The photo below that shows the bridge and the surrounding area as it appears today.
\November 22, 1905 – Marshall Field, Jr. is discovered, shot through his left side just below the ribs at 5:30 p.m. in the dressing room of his residence at 1919 Prairie Avenue.  He is rushed to Mercy Hospital where Dr. Arthur Dean Bevan attempts to save his life.  Field lingers for five days before succumbing to his wound on November 27, “… conscious until the last few minutes … his last act before he closed his eyes was to smile encouragingly at his wife.” [Tebbel, John. The Marshall Fields: A Study in Wealth.  E. P. Dutton and Co., 1947] The circumstances of his death are cloaked in shadow.  Some say that he was preparing for an upcoming hunting trip and accidentally discharges a weapon while cleaning it, but accounts at the time indicate that the weapon was almost impossible to discharge accidentally. A report given by the doctor who responded to the shooting at the Field mansion says that Field told him he had no idea how he came to have been shot and called the wound an accident.  Yet, reports suggest that, given the nature of the wound, it would have been unlikely for the shooting to have been an accident.  Rumors also circulate that Field had been shot in an altercation at a club run by the Everleigh sisters on Dearborn Street and carried to his home, just blocks away.  On December 1, a coroner’s jury returned its verdict, the official conclusion to the investigation.  The decision reads, “We find that Marshall Field Jr. came to his death from paralysis of the bowels following a bullet wound in the seventh intercostal space, about four inches to the left of the medial line, and from the testimony presented find that the said paralysis resulted from a bullet wound accidentally inflicted by a revolver in the hand of the deceased at his home, 1919 Prairie avenue.” [Chicago Daily Tribune, December 2, 1906] The Field home, where the only son of the great merchant suffered his fatal wound, still exists today, divided into a number of upscale residential units.  It is pictured above.


November 22, 1936 – Ernest Robert Graham dies at his home at 25 Banks Street at the age of 68, his death attributed to overwork.  At the age of 16 Graham went to work for his father in Lowell, Michigan, as a carpenter and mason.  Of this early labor he later said, “Honest toil never hurt anyone regardless of age.  My work with the trowel stood up with the best of them.  These were the days when a bricklayer laid three thousand bricks a day.”  [Architecture and Planning of Graham, Anderson, Probst and White – 1912-1936. Chappell, Sally A. Kitt]  By the age of 20 he had earned degrees from Coe College and the University of Notre Dame.  At that point he came to Chicago and entered the employ of Daniel Burnham, drawing plans for the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893.  When Daniel Burnham died in 1912, Graham and three other architects took over the firm, going on to design some of the great second-generation buildings in the city.  They include the Wrigley Building, the Field Museum, the Shedd Aquarium, the Merchandise Mart, 135 South La Salle, Union Station, the Pittsfield Building, and the main post office.  Services for the architect take place at the Fourth Presbyterian Church on November 24, after which he is interred in Graceland Cemetery.