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CAPUT VICESIMUM.

Litteris ad amicum Knox scriptis viatori fesso sese Washingtonius comparat. — Joannes Adams magistratum summum suscipit. — Ad montem Vernonium pergere Washingtonius properat. — Bona, quæ, Washingtonio prœside, Americanis evenerant. — Bello cum republicâ Gallicâ imminente, copiarum Americanarum imperator Washingtonius constitutus est. — Tres legatos ad Galliam mittendos curat Adams, prœses Americanus. — Pax et fœdus cum gente Gallica.


GAUDIUM majus, ex magistratus summi abdicatione, cepit Washingtonius, quàm1 alii ex honoribus summis percipere potuissent. Ad amicum suum Knox, ducem Americanum, pridie2 ejus diei, quo præsidis officio sese abdicavit Washingtonius, sic scripsisse fertur; “ viatori fesso, qui, diverticulo3 viso, ibi declinare vult, nunc me comparo; quamvis mihi otium domesticum longè gratisimum est, rebusque me publicis minimè implicare cupio, veterum, 4 tamen, amicorum, digressu confusus, me vehementer anget, illos, quibuscum sors. et pericula communia quondam me junxerunt, in æternum forsitan relinquere. ”

Calumniæ et convicia plurima quæ in Washingtonium congesta fuerant, nullum ab eo responsum elicere unquam poterant. Epistolarum, tamen, fasciculus (quæ à Washingtonio scriptæ fuerant, ut ejus inimici volebant,) à Britannis, Christi anno millesimo septingentesimo septuagesimo sexto, in lucem emissæ fuerant. Epistolas hasce, eo consilio, in lucem emisêre Britanni, ut invidiam odiumque apud populares Washingtonio crearent; longo, tandem, post, tempore, cum præsidis officium jam exsequeretur Washingtonius, epistolæ istæ, denuò, ab ejus inimicis, in lucem emissæ. Tandem, Washingtonius, epistolas istas sese nunquam scripsisse planè jam affirmabat.

Tempus jam instabat, quo Washingtonium imperium deponere, 5 ejusque successsorem, Joannem Adams, magistratum summum suscipere et assumere oportebat. Washingtonius et Adams simul ad Congressum incedebant, ubi jurejurando sese obstrinxit Adams, prout leges postulant. Luculentâ oratione Washingtonium ad cœum extulit.

Præside6 novo salutato, ad montem Vernonium pergere properavit Washingtonius; proptereà quòd, otium privatum ei gratum semper fuit. Clam et secretò ire maximè avebat, 7 vanum, 8 autem, fuit id votum; cives, enim, quocunque iret, ei obviam, honoris causâ, progredi studebant. Hoc in recessu, 9 laudibus debitis justisque ad cœlum à civibus gratis elatus fuit.

Per annos octo, per quos Washingtonius reipublicæ Americanæ habenas tenuerat, civitates fœderatæ Americanæ pace et rerum omnium copiâ et viguêre domi; et forìs nomen10 gloriamque assequebantur. Pecuniæ, 11 quas civitates fœderatæ Americanæ civibus pluribus, exterisque nationibus nonnullis debebant, omnes ferè solutæ. Respublica, 12 denique, Americana, adeò firme ordinabatur, ut13 legibus omnes morem gerere haud dubitarent. Seditio, 14 tamen, in comitatibus occidentalibus Pennsylvaniæ orta est ; quæ, tamen, sine ullo civium sanguine, neque longo pòst tempore sedata fuit. Agricultura et mercium commutatio, 15 eo præside, in majus promovebantur; Indi civitates fæderatas Americanas timebant; gladiosque suos in vomerem convertere omnes facillime adducti sunt. Flumen Mississippiense navigare, consensu tandem Hispaniæ impetrato, civibus Americanis plenè licuit.

Propuganacula, item, quæ civitatum fæderatarum intra fines jam diù tenuerant Britanni, omnia, ex fædere, 16 Americanis tradita. Mare Mediterraneum, fædere cum Turcis 17 percusso, Americanis jam patebat. Controversiæ litesque, quæ civitates fæderatas Americanas inter et nationes exteras aliquandiù fuerant, omnes ferè 18 componebantur; lites, tamen, Galliam inter et civitates fæderatas Americanas adhuc sub judice19 stabant.

Postquam sese ad Vernonium Montem contulerat Washingtonius, animum ad agrorum cultum statim intendit; sic, enim, 20 vitæ exitum tranquillum et serenum fore putabat. Quamvis, autem, se à republicâ et undis civilibus procul amovere cupiebat, patriam, nihilominùs, adeo diligebat, ut, eam inore, in cogitationibus, in corde semper habuerit. Quùm, 21 insuper, classem Gallicam militibus onustam, ad oras Americanas brevi appulsuram, omnes crederent, fæderatarum copiarum Americanarum Washingtonium imperatorem esse oportere, voce unâ conclamatum est.

Etsi Washingtonius, jam senex, otium privatum, præ omnibus, adamavit, hostes, 22 tamen, patriam charissimam invadere, ferre haud potuit. Quocirca imperatoris officium, tandem, invitus accepit. Diploma speciale23 à præside et Congressu ad eummissum; quo in diplomate, ei præceptum, ut videret, ne quid mali aut detrimenti libertas Americana caperet. Post hoc diploma acceptum, agrorum cultui, amicorum negotiis, et muniis novis, tempus æqualiter distribuit. In præfectis idoneis eligendis, armisque24 exercitum instruendo, temporis multum absumpsit; attamen, 25 à Gallis, civitates fœderatas Americanas bello petitum iri, haud credidit; et sæpenumerò dixisse fertur, “ Quùm26 Americanos exercitum scripsisse, et arma, pro salute et libertate, cepisse, à Gallis cognitum fuerit, Gallos (quamvis fortunâ dulci ebrii, rebusque secundis elati,) bellum et certamen omne cum Americanis illicò detrectaturos esse. ”

Facta, porrò, conjecturam istam verissimam esse perbrevi docuêre: quùm, enim, Americanos arma cepisse, paratosque esse ad omnem impetum procul à litoribus Columbi propulsandum, à Gallis jam cognitum esset; sese statim cum Americanis de pace agere velle dixerunt; quamobrem, tres legatos ad rempublicam Gallicam mittendos curavit præses Adams; qui, 27 ubi venèrunt, reipublicæ Gallicæ formam mutatam, et Bonaparte, hominem novum, rebus omnibus præpositum invenerunt. Cum illo, igitur, pacem et fœdus facillime fecerunt; quippè, Galli, eo tempore, rerum suarum satagebant, et Americani omnia quàm bellum malebant; pax, itaque, facillimè facta.

1 Quàm, &c., “ than others could have received from the highest honors: ” the noun honos, in Latin, is often put for civil offices, thus, the Venusian Bard, “Hunc, si tergeminis tollere honoribus. ”

2 Pridie, &c., “ the day before that day, on which day Washington, ” &c.

3 Diverticulo, “ a stopping-place. ”

4 Veterum, &c., “ confused by the departure of my old friends; ” Thus Juvenal, “Quamvis digressu veteris confusus amici,
Laudo tamen, vacuis sedem quòd figere Cumis,
Destinet. ”

5 Imperium deponere, “ to lay aside his power. ”

6 Prœside, &c., the new president, viz., Adams, being saluted, Washington hastened to proceed to Mount Vernon, &c.

7 Avebat, &c., he (Washington) was especially desirous of going thither, (to Mount Vernon,) privately and secretly.

8 Vanum, &c., “ but, that wish (of Washington) was ineffectual. ”

9 Recessu, &c., “ in this retirement, (viz., at Mount Vernon,) he was cxtolled, by his grateful countrymen, to the skies, by due and just praises. ”

10 Nomen, &c., “ they (the United States) acquired renown and glory abroad. ”

11 Pecuniœ, &c., “ the moneys which were due by the United States of America of America to many citizens, and to some foreign nations, were almost all paid. ”

12 Respublica, &c., “ finally, the American republic was so firmly settled. ”

13 Ut, &c., “ that all did not hesitate to obey the laws. ” Morem alicui gerere, is to humor or comply with any person or thing; to yield obedienc unto a person.

14 Seditio, &c., “ yet, a mutiny arose in the western counties of Pennsylvania, ” &c. This has reference to what is usually known by thr name of Shay's rebellion.

15 Mercium commulatio, “ the exchange of wares, ” that is, commerce.

16 Ex fœdere, “ according to the treaty; ” by virtue of the treaty.

17 Turcis, “ with the Turks; ” or rather, by synecdoche, with all the Barbary powers.

18 Omnes fere, &c., “ were almost all settled. ”

19 Sub judice, &c., “ as yet, stood under the judge, ” that is, were undetermined.

20 Sic enim, &c., “ for, thus, he thought that the end of his life would be tranquil and serene; ” that is, by abandoning all political and state affairs, and pursuing agricultural and rural avocations.

21 Quùm, &c., “ moreover, when all believed that a French fleet, laden with soldiers, would shortly land on the American coast, it was proclaimed aloud, with one voice, (unanimously) that Washington ought to be the commander (in—chief) of the united forces of America. ”

22 Hostes, &c., “ he, yet, could not endure, that the enemy should invade his most dear country; ” an event, which was, about this time, apprehended by many, from the haughty and menacing attitude assumed by the French Directory.

23 Diploma speciale, “ a special commission, ” constituting him lieutenant—general of the American armies.

24 Armisque, &c., “ and (in) furnishing the army with arms. ”

25 Attamen, &c., “ but yet, he did not believe that the United States of America, would be attacked by the French in war. ”

26 Quùm, &c., “ when (or after) it shall have been known by the French, that the Americans have raised an army, and have taken arms, for their safety and liberty, that the French (although they were intoxicated by agreeable fortune, and elated by prosperity) will immediately decline all war and contest with the, ” &c.

27 Qui, &c., “ who, (that is, which three American Ambassadors,) when they had come thither, (that is, to the French Republic,) found the form of the French Republic changed, and Bonaparte, a new man, (see former notes,) placed over all affairs. ”

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