Every year, I like to talk a little bit about an invisible illness that many of us suffer from, but very few people are aware of the facts surrounding it. That affliction is depression, and it's still very misunderstood by those who have not personally experienced it.
Clinical depression isn't just feeling sad once in a while, or naturally grieving for a period of time after a sad life event. There's more to it, and it can seriously affect your day to day life. Here's how it's defined by the National Institute of Mental Health:
"Major depressive disorder, or major depression, is
characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a
person's ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy once-pleasurable
activities. Major depression is disabling and prevents a person from
functioning normally. Some people may experience only a single episode
within their lifetime, but more often a person may have multiple
episodes."
There are many different forms of depression, some of which are:
Dysthymic disorder, or dysthymia, is characterized
by long-term (2 years or longer) symptoms that may not be severe enough
to disable a person but can prevent normal functioning or feeling well.
People with dysthymia may also experience one or more episodes of major
depression during their lifetimes.
Minor depression
is characterized by having symptoms for 2 weeks or longer that do not
meet full criteria for major depression. Without treatment, people with
minor depression are at high risk for developing major depressive
disorder.
Some forms of depression are slightly different, or they
may develop under unique circumstances. However, not everyone agrees on
how to characterize and define these forms of depression. They include:
- Psychotic depression,
which occurs when a person has severe depression plus some form of
psychosis, such as having disturbing false beliefs or a break with
reality (delusions), or hearing or seeing upsetting things that others
cannot hear or see (hallucinations).
- Postpartum depression,
which is much more serious than the "baby blues" that many women
experience after giving birth, when hormonal and physical changes and
the new responsibility of caring for a newborn can be overwhelming. It
is estimated that 10 to 15 percent of women experience postpartum
depression after giving birth.1
- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD),
which is characterized by the onset of depression during the winter
months, when there is less natural sunlight. The depression generally
lifts during spring and summer. SAD may be effectively treated with
light therapy, but nearly half of those with SAD do not get better with
light therapy alone. Antidepressant medication and psychotherapy can
reduce SAD symptoms, either alone or in combination with light therapy.2
Bipolar disorder,
also called manic-depressive illness, is not as common as major
depression or dysthymia. Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling
mood changes—from extreme highs (e.g., mania) to extreme lows (e.g.,
depression). More information about bipolar disorder is available.
What are the signs and symptoms of depression?
People with depressive illnesses do not all experience the same
symptoms. The severity, frequency, and duration of symptoms vary
depending on the individual and his or her particular illness.
Signs and symptoms include:
- Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings
- Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
- Irritability, restlessness
- Loss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable, including sex
- Fatigue and decreased energy
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions
- Insomnia, early-morning wakefulness, or excessive sleeping
- Overeating, or appetite loss
- Thoughts of suicide, suicide attempts
- Aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not ease even with treatment.
What illnesses often co-exist with depression?
Other illnesses may come on before depression, cause it, or be a
consequence of it. But depression and other illnesses interact
differently in different people. In any case, co-occurring illnesses
need to be diagnosed and treated.
Anxiety disorders, such as
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder,
panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, often accompany depression. PTSD can occur after a person
experiences a terrifying event or ordeal, such as a violent assault, a
natural disaster, an accident, terrorism or military combat. People
experiening PTSD are especially prone to having co-existing depression.
In
a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded study, researchers
found that more than 40 percent of people with PTSD also had depression 4
months after the traumatic event.
Alcohol and other
substance abuse or dependence may also co-exist with depression.
Research shows that mood disorders and substance abuse commonly occur
together.
Depression also may occur with other serious
medical illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, HIV/AIDS,
diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. People who have depression along with
another medical illness tend to have more severe symptoms of both
depression and the medical illness, more difficulty adapting to their
medical condition, and more medical costs than those who do not have
co-existing depression. Treating the depression can also help improve the outcome of treating the co-occurring illness.
What causes depression?
Most likely, depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.
Depressive
illnesses are disorders of the brain. Longstanding theories about
depression suggest that important neurotransmitters—chemicals that brain
cells use to communicate—are out of balance in depression. But it has
been difficult to prove this.
Brain-imaging technologies, such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have shown that the brains of people
who have depression look different than those of people without
depression. The parts of the brain involved in mood, thinking, sleep,
appetite, and behavior appear different. But these images do not reveal
why the depression has occurred. They also cannot be used to diagnose
depression.
Some types of depression tend to run in families.
However, depression can occur in people without family histories of
depression too. Scientists are studying certain genes that
may make some people more prone to depression. Some genetics research
indicates that risk for depression results from the influence of several
genes acting together with environmental or other factors.
In addition, trauma, loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or
any stressful situation may trigger a depressive episode. Other
depressive episodes may occur with or without an obvious trigger.
For more facts and statistics on depression, visit
my previous posts,
helpguide.org and the
National Institute of Mental Health.
If you are experiencing thoughts of suicide, please call the
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline,
1-800-273-TALK (8255).
Speaking on a personal level, depression deeply affects me. Sometimes it's this overwhelming weight on my mind and body, a dark cloud over my head and a feeling like I'm carrying the world on my shoulders while walking through deep mud. It can make even simple tasks seem impossible; it destroys my concentration; it hampers my motivation.
There are many ways to help someone with depression, but you know what really
doesn't help? People who tell me "Snap out of it!," "Just cheer up!," "What do you have to be depressed about? There are people who have it much worse than you!." "Happiness is a choice!". Do you really think that I
want to be depressed? That I
love feeling like shit? That I can just flip some magical switch and everything will suddenly become sunshine and rainbows?? That invalidating my feelings will actually somehow make me feel better? Be kind and supportive toward your friends with depression. You may not understand what they're going through, but a sympathetic and non-judgmental ear can make a world of difference to them.
Anyway, now that all that uncomfortable personal stuff is out of the way, how about some cheerful nail spam? The color for depression awareness is
green, and that just so happens to be one of my most favorite polish colors.
And for everyone out there reading this that's going through depression, don't despair. You're not alone in this. There are people who understand and you don't have to suffer in silence. We're here for you.
Essie Armed and Ready
L'Oreal Bijou Gems in B. Strong
Pro 10 Camouflage
Obsessive Compulsive Cosmetics Chlorophyll
OPI Damone Roberts 1968
Deborah Lippmann Don't Tell Mama
Mavala 126 Electric Green
Calvin Klein Splendid Color in Emerald Green
Hard Candy Greed
Claire's Kelly Green
Barielle Shades in Lily of the Valley
L'Oreal Wear Extraordinaire in Martini Olive
Confetti My Favorite Martian
Man Glaze Nawsome Sauce
The Painted Nail olive green shimmer (no label)
Dare to Wear Poison Ivy
Rimmel Lasting Finish Pro in Rags to Riches
Revlon Colorstay in Rainforest
Color Club Magnetic Force in Sci Fi
Butter London Swinger
Pretty Serious VT100
Butter London Wallis
Ninja Polish Zultanite (over black)