Introduction:
MongoDB is open source document database and its
NoSQL database. MongoDB implemented in C++.
Now a day’s NoSQL database become popular in the
market.
We have two types of Databases
- SQL database
- NoSQL Database
SQL
database
We already know about SQL databases in the market these
are RDMS databases. We have many popular RDMS databases in the market such as
Oracel, MySQL, DB2, PostgreSQL and SQL Server. RDMS databases are managed the
data by using Tables. We store the data in tables.
To communicate with these RDMS databases we have common
language called SQL. We will use SQL to access and insert data into tables. We
have different relations and its mappings between tables to simplify the complex
data storage.
Each database vendor have to provide different clients
to connect to different applications and which are developed by different languages.
Database vendor is responsible to provide language depended database drivers to
connect to other applications with database.
We are talking here about java technology so all
database vendors have to provide the java JDBC Driver library with these libraries
we can connect to RDBMS databases.
NoSQL
Database
NoSQL is one of the concepts to access database
without any specific database dependent queries instead of that we will use simple
programming based object accessing over the databases.
A NoSQL database provides a mechanism for storage
and retrieval of data that employs less constrained consistency models than
traditional relational databases. Motivations for this approach include
simplicity of design, horizontal scaling and finer control over availability
We have many flavors in NoSQL databases
The following are some of the important types
Document
databases
Document
databases pair each key with a complex data structure known
as a document. Documents can contain many different key-value pairs, or
key-array pairs, or even nested documents.
Graph
stores
Graph stores are used to store information about
networks, such as social connections. Graph stores include Neo4J and
HyperGraphDB.
Key-value
stores
Key-value stores are the simplest NoSQL databases.
Every single item in the database is stored as an attribute name (or
"key"), together with its value. Examples of key-value stores are
Riak and Voldemort. Some key-value stores, such as Redis, allow each value to
have a type, such as "integer", which adds functionality.
Wide-column
stores
Wide-column stores such as Cassandra and HBase are
optimized for queries over large datasets, and store columns of data together,
instead of rows.
More
Information
MongoDB
MongoDB is one of the NoSQL database and it is
document database.
Working
with MongoDB
MongoDB database we can install in any Operating
System and we can connect to database server and manage the data.
Install
and Using MongoDB
The
following are steps
- Download MongoDB Database
- Create MongoDB data Store Directory
- Create MongoDB log file
- Create MongoDB configuration file
- Start MongoDB server
- Connect and use MongoDB
Download
MongoDB Database
MongoDB server available for all major operating
system bases on our operating system we need to download MongoDB database
server
The following is MongoDB server Download location
Windows
7
We have installation files and binary distribution, we
can use any thing.
Note:
In this article we will install and using MongoDB
for Windows 7 and 64 bit OS
Once we download the MongoDB binary distribution ZIP
file we will place any one of the directory and need to extract the zip file.
Once you extract we can see bin directory there we
can see many .exe file to perform
different actions.
Assume we have extracted MongoDB Zip file in D:\MongoDB
The following is screen to show bin directory
and exe files of MongoDB
Create
MongoDB data Store Directory
We need create one directory there MongoDB will
store data.
Assume we have created data directory in D:\MongoDB\data\db
Create
MongoDB log file
We also need to create log file for MongoDB to store
log information. We need create mongo.log file in any of the directory
Assume we have created mongo.log in D:\MongoDB\log directory.
Create
MongoDB configuration file
MongoDB need one configuration file when server
starts so we need to create mongo.config
file in any location in your machine.
In the configuration file we need to mention data
storage path for MongoDB and need to specify the log file location.
We
already created data store directory and log file in previous steps.
Create mongo.config
file and add following configuration in the file
##store
data here
dbpath=
D:\MongoDB\data\db
##all
output go here
logpath=D:\MongoDB\log\mongo.log
##log
read and write operations
diaglog=3
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The following is sample mongo.config fine one of the directory
The following is screen shot which show
required directories for MongoDB server
Important
Direcory and files paths as for above assumptions
MongoDB Server Path
D:\MongoDB\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.0
MongoDB Server Bin directory
Path
D:\MongoDB\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.0\bin
MongoDB data store path
D:\MongoDB\data\db
MongoDB configuration file path
D:\MongoDB\config\mongo.config
MongoDB log file path
D:\MongoDB\log\mongo.log
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Start
MongoDB server
We have done all the steps and now we will start the
MongoDB server
The flowing is command to start server
mongod --config d:\MongoDB\config\mongo.config
--dbpath D:\MongoDB\data\db
--config is MongoDB configuration path
--dbpath is data store path for MongoDB
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Now open windows command prompt and go to MongoDB
server bin directory (D:\MongoDB\mongodb-win32-x86_64-2008plus-2.6.0\bin)
then run above command in command prompt.
The following screen shot to start
MongoDB server
Connect
and use MongoDB
Now we already started MongoDB server now we will
connect to server.
Following command to connect to MongoDB
server
Mongo
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Now open another command prompt and go to bin directory
of MongoDB server then enter above command now you can see MongoDB shell to interact
with server
The following is screen to show connecting
to MongoDB server
Note:
When we connect to server it will show connecting to
test database.
Interacting
with MongoDB server
The following are important commands to interact
with MongoDB
show dbs : List all databases.
use db_name : Switches to the database.
show collections : List all tables in the current selected
database.
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The following screen to show databases
in MongoDB server
Switch to other database
Note:
When we switch to database if database already
existed it will switch to that database if not then it will be create new database
with that name.
So MongoDB wont throws error even database not existed
simply it will create same thing we can apply for table.
Display All Tables for Selected Database
Create Table and Store Data
In MongoDB when we store data, if the table not existed
then it will create and insert data.
If available then it will store in existed table
that we specifies.
The following is command insert data in
table
db.users.insert({username:"meera",gender:"male"})
or
db.users.save({username:"meera",gender:"male"})
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We will use key
value pair to represent Colum and its value
In the above users is table and username and gender
its columns and values meera , male respectively.
The following screen to insert data in
user table
Update
Record
db.users.update
({username:"meeraprince",gender:"male"})
List
all records from table “users”
db.users.find()
Find
records where username is “meera”
db.users.find({username:"meera"})
Find
records where username’s length is less than or equal to 4
db.users.find({$where:"this.username.length<=4"})
Delete
Record
db.users.remove({username:"meera"})
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