Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 9
Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D., Ed.

43. in Samnium, too, the departure of Fabius was the cause of fresh disturbances. Calatia and Sora with their Roman garrisons were taken by assault, and the captured soldiers were treated with shameful rigour.¹ accordingly Publius Cornelius was dispatched in that direction with an army. [2] The new enemies —for by this time war had been declared on the men of Anagnia and the other Hernici —were allotted to Marcius. [3] at the outset of the campaign the enemy were so successful in [p. 335]seizing all the strategic points between the camps² of the [4??] consuls, that not even a nimble courier could get through, and for some days the consuls were kept in uncertainty regarding everything and could only speculate about one another's state. fears for their safety even extended to Rome, where all of military age were given the oath and two full armies were enlisted, to meet any sudden emergencies. [5] but the war with the Hernici by no means answered to the present panic or to the nation's old renown. [6] they ventured nothing to speak of at any point, and having lost three camps in the space of a few days they bargained for a thirty days' truce, to enable them to send envoys to the senate in Rome, and delivered up two months' pay and corn, and a tunic for every soldier. [7] The senate sent them back to Marcius, having passed a resolution empowering him to deal with the Hernici as he saw fit. he received, their submission on terms of unconditional surrender.

in Samnium the other consul was also stronger than the enemy, but was more embarrassed by the character of the ground. [8] The enemy had blockaded all the roads and seized the practicable passes, to prevent supplies being brought up anywhere. but though the consul offered battle daily, he could not entice them to fight. [9] it was quite apparent that the Samnites would not accept an immediate engagement, nor the Romans endure any prolongation of the war. [10] The arrival of Marcius, who, having subdued the Hernici, made haste to come to the assistance of his colleague, deprived the enemy of any power to delay the struggle. [11] for since they had not considered themselves equal to a [p. 337]battle with even one army, and believed that, once³ they had suffered two consular armies to unite, there would be no hope for them, they made an attack on Marcius as he was approaching in loose marching older. [12] hastily throwing down their packs in the midst, the Romans formed up⁴ as well as time permitted. The shouting was the first thing that was noticed in the camp of Cornelius. then, far off, a cloud of dust was descried, and caused a commotion in the camp. [13] The consul ordered his men to arm, and leading them quickly out into line attacked the enemy in the flank, when their hands were full with another struggle, crying out that it would be a burning shame if they [14??] let the other army win both victories, and failed to claim for themselves the glory of their own campaign. [15] bursting through at the point where he had charged, he advanced through the enemy's line, and capturing their camp, which was empty of defenders, set fire to it. [16] when the soldiers of Marcius saw the blaze, and the enemy, looking over their shoulders, saw it too, the flight of the Samnites soon became general; but at every point death blocked the way, and there was no escaping anywhere.

[17] thirty thousand of the enemy had already fallen, and the consuls had sounded the recall and were proceeding to assemble their forces in one body, amid the mutual congratulations and rejoicings of the men, when suddenly some new cohorts of the Samnites, which had been levied as reliefs, were made out in the distance, and occasioned a renewal of the slaughter. [18] The victors rushed upon them, without orders from the consuls or receiving any [p. 339]signal, exclaiming that the Samnites must begin⁵ their soldiering with a bitter lesson. [19] The consuls indulged the ardour of the legions, being well aware that the enemy's recruits, in the midst of routed veterans, would scarce be equal to so much as an attempt at fighting. they were not mistaken. [20] all the forces of the Samnites, old and new, broke and fled to the nearest mountains, up which the Romans too advanced in pursuit of them. The conquered could find no refuge anywhere that afforded safety, but were driven pell —mell from the ridges where they had made a stand. and now with one voice they all begged for peace. [21] they were required to furnish corn for three months, with a year's pay and a tunic for each Roman soldier, and envoys were then dispatched to the senate to sue for terms.

Cornelius was left in Samnium. [22] Marcius returned to the City, which he entered in a triumph over the Hernici. An equestrian statue in the Forum was decreed him and was erected in front of the temple of Castor.⁶ [23] to the three Hernic peoples of Aletrium, Verulae, and Ferentinum their own laws were restored, because they preferred them to Roman citizenship, and they were given the right to intermarry with each other —a privilege which for some time they were the only Hernici to enjoy. [24] The people of Anagnia and such others as had borne arms against the Romans were admitted to citizenship without the right of voting. they were prohibited from holding councils and from intermarrying, and were allowed no magistrates save those who had charge of religious rites.

[25] in the same year the censor Gaius Junius [p. 341]Bubulcus let the contract for the temple of Safety,^{7 8} which he had vowed, while consul, during the Samnite war. he and his colleague, Marcus Valerius Maximus, built roads through the countryside at the public [26] costs. in this year also the treaty with the Carthaginians was renewed for the third time,⁹ and their ambassadors, who had come for the purpose of arranging it, were treated with courtesy and given presents.