Berikut merupakan senarai badan² politik, kesatuan² buruh dan persatuan² sosial yang dijemput untuk menghadiri mesyuarat penubuhan PMCJA pada 22 Dis 1946. Nampaknya UMNO dan Parti Komunis Malaya (PKM) tidak dijemput sekali.
Berikut merupakan laporan penubuhan Pan-Malayan Council of Joint Action (PMCJA) dalam akhbar The Malaya Tribune bertarikh 23 Dis 1946, sehari sebelum isi kandungan cadangan Perlembagaan Federation yang disusun secara tertutup dan rahsia oleh Kerajaan Kolonial British, Raja2 Melayu dan UMNO diumumkan kepada rakyat.
K.L. FORMS NEW 'ACTION' COUNCIL
Kuala Lumpur, Sunday - A joint organization was formed here today representing all shades of political opinion in the country outside the Malay Rulers and the United Malay National Organization who alone were consulted in the drafting of the new constitutional proposals for Malaya scheduled to be published on Tuesday.
The task of the new body is to crystallize the views of all communities in regard to the new constitution, and then make recommendations to the Government as regards any additions, or deletions or amendments which may be thought necessary to safeguard the interests of those bodies represented on the council.
The council is to be known as the Pan-Malayan Council of Joint Action. It was formed at a conference of various organizations held at the headquarters of the Malay Nationalist Party here today. Its membership for the present includes Mr. Tan Cheng Lock, the Malay Nationalist Party, the Malayan Democratic Union, the Pan Malayan Federation of Trade Unions, the Clerical Unions of Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Selangor and Perak, the Indian Chambers of Commerce of Singapore and Kuala Lumpur, the Singapore Tamils Association, the Women’s Federation of Singapore and Selangor, and the Singapore Chinese Association.
At today’s conference, Mr Tan Cheng Lock was elected Chairman of the Council.
The Conference resolved to cable the Secretary of State for Colonies and the Acting Governor-General informing of the formation of the new Council and urging them to recognize as the only representative body with which H.M. Government may negotiate with a view to amending the constitution in accordance with the wishes of that part of the populace that has not been consulted so far.
It was also decided to request such bodies as are not members of the Council now to register themselves as members without delay so that its voice will be more effectively heard in the higher councils.
Meanwhile the Department of Public Relations is busy finalizing arrangements for the simultaneous publications of the new constitutional proposals throughout the country on Tuesday morning. Translations of the document in the various vernaculars are also said to be ready for distribution. The police have taken elaborate precautions to prevent any premature leakage of the document. Both at the Government Press where it was printed and at the office of the Public Relations Department stringent measures have been taken to keep the document a closely guarded secret until the date of publication.
It is generally expected here that in the coming weeks of intense political activity and negotiations with Government, the Council of Action formed at today’s conference will play a very vital role as the mouthpiece of a large part of the Malayan population.
Sumber: Akhbar The Malayan Tribune, 23 Dis 1946
Selaku Pengerusi AMCJA dan Naib-Pengerusi PUTERA-AMCJA, Tan Cheng Lock telah banyak menghadiri mesyuarat, demonstrasi dan rapat² umum di seluruh Malaya bagi membantah cadangan Perlembagaan Federation. Teks di bawah dipetik dari pidato beliau sehari selepas mesyuarat penubuhan Pan-Malayan Council of Joint Action (yang kemudian menukar nama kepada All-Malaya Council of Joint Action) di markas besar PKMM di Kuala Lumpur pada 23 Disember 1946.
Sumber: Buku Malayan Problems From A Chinese Point of View by Tan Cheng Lock, Edited by C.Q. Lee, TANNSCO, 1947
Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat (PUTERA) Lahir
Hari ini dalam tahun 1947, Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat atau PUTERA telah ditubuhkan semasa persidangan besar badan² politik kiri Melayu di Markas Besar PKMM di Batu Road, Kuala Lumpur. Lebih dari 100 badan² politik dan persatuan² dari seluruh Malaya dan Singapura telah menghantar wakil dalam persidangan itu, termasuklah Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya (PKMM), Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (API), Angkatan Wanita Sedar (AWAS), Barisan Tani Se-Malaya (BATAS), Gerakan Angkatan Muda (GERAM), Lembaga Persatuan Melayu Johor, serta lain-lain persatuan² yang kecil. PUTERA telah dipengerusikan oleh Naib Yang Dipertua PKMM, Ishak Hj Muhammad.
Terdapat 14 dasar yang menjadi prinsip perjuangan PUTERA:
Bendera Rakyat telah dikibarkan secara rasmi di seluruh Malaya pada 10 Dis 1947. Menurut akhbar Utusan Melayu, hampir semua bandar² dan pekan² termasuk Melaka, Johor Bahru, Kuantan, Sungai Siput, Alor Setar dan Singapura telah mengadakan istiadat menaikkan bendera tersebut.
Semasa istiadat mengibarkan Bendera Rakyat di bangunan Malayan Democratic Union (MDU) di Singapura pada pagi 10 Dis 1947, Taha Kalu, Setiausaha Agung Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA) telah menerangkan:
Bendera Rakyat yang baru kita naikkan ini ialah sebagai cogan persatuan rakyat yang berjiwa maju progresif. Bendera ini telah sama² diukir dan diputuskan oleh dua badan gabungan yang besar di Malaya, iaitu Pusat Tenaga Rakyat dan Majlis Bergerak Serentak Se-Malaya. Bendera ini kita namakan Bendera Rakyat, kerana ia adalah satu gambaran atau satu tanda, tegasnya satu cogan merupakan persatuan rakyat seluruh Malaya. Persatuan yang kita yakini akan bertahan kuat perdiriannya tiap² hari.
Maksud disebalik simbol² dalam Bendera Rakyat:
12 biji bintang
Bintang berbucu lima
Warna merah
Warna Merah Putih mempunyai riwayat yang tertentu bagi penduduk² di Malaya dan telah dipilih dengan persetujuan PUTERA dan AMCJA kerana ia merupakan warna bendera kebangsaan Melayu di zaman Kerajaan Majapahit semasa abad yang keempat belas dahulu.
Sumber: Akhbar Utusan Melayu, 11 Dis 1947 dan akhbar The Straits Times, 11 Nov 1947
Berikut merupakan laporan demonstrasi anti-Federation yang keluar dalam akhbar Sunday Tribune bertarikh 23 Februari 1947. Demonstrasi tersebut telah dijalankan serentak dengan majlis penubuhan Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat (PUTERA) pada 22 Februari 1947.
Sumber: Akhbar Sunday Tribune, 23 Feb 1947
Berikut merupakan laporan demonstrasi anti-Federation yang keluar dalam akhbar The Malaya Tribune bertarikh 28 Disember 1946.
MALAYS PROTEST AGAINST FEDERATION
When the leftwing Malay Nationalist Party held their second Congress in Malacca this week, they protested against the federation plan, and over a hundred delegates from all over Malaya, staged a demonstration by conducting a mammoth procession through the town.
This picture taken during the protest-march shows men and women carrying banners one of which reads: "Zalim itu binasa" (Injustice is ruination).
Another picture of the Malay demonstration in Malacca against the Federation plan
Sumber: Akhbar The Malaya Tribune, 28 Dis 1946
Rapat umum PUTERA-AMCJA dari tahun 1947 atau 1948. Aku masih mencari tarikh, tempat dan tujuan rapat umum ini dijalankan. Buku From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation, dari mana aku ambil gambar ini tak beri apa-apa penerangan selain kapsyen pendek di bawah gambar. Yang pasti, rapat umum ini berlaku selepas 9 Disember 1947, tarikh Bendera Rakyat (bendera depan rostrum dalam gambar) dikibarkan buat pertama kali di luar ibu pejabat Malayan Democratic Union (MDU). Tentang Bendera Rakyat aku cerita lain kali.
Sumber: Buku From Malayan Union to Singapore Separation, Mohamed Noordin Sopiee, University Malaya Press, 1979
Berikut merupakan laporan demonstrasi anti-Federation yang keluar dalam akhbar The Malaya Tribune bertarikh 22 September 1947.
A section of the crowd which yesterday attended the mass meeting at Farrer Park, Singapore, to support the constitutional proposals drafted by the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action and Pusat Tenaga Ra'ayat.
MASS MEETING VOTES AGAINST ELECTIONS
Federation Plan Condemned
A mass meeting in Farrer Park yesterday unanimously supported the People’s Constitutional Proposals drafted by PUTERA and the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action.
The meeting, sponsored by PUTERA and the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action, was largely attended.
A resolution was passed protesting against the holding of the Singapore elections and rejecting the British Government’s latest White Paper on Malaya’s future constitution.
This, and other resolutions passed by the meeting, are to be sent to the Secretary for the Colonies, the Governor-General and the Governors of the Malayan Union and Singapore.
Representatives of nearly 90 unions, associations, and youth and women’s movements attended the meeting. Banners opposed the separation of Singapore from Malaya and condemning the White Paper.
Mr. Tan Cheng Lock, Chairman of the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action, in a speech to the crowd said:
“Broken Promise”
“The Government has broken its promise and acted in defiance of public opinion.
“The Government pledged itself to give the people a constitution based upon the consent of the governed, which would provide a good beginning from which the country might advanced towards self-government.
“Instead it appears to be persisting in imposing upon the country a constitution to which the bulk of the people are definitely and strongly opposed, thus creating a widespread feeling of dissatisfaction, frustration and resentment throughout Malaya.
“We asked for bread and to our great dismay we have been given stone.”
Mr. Tan Cheng Lock added that one of the worst features of the revised constitutional scheme was that it aimed at dividing the Malayan population into antagonistic and irreconcilable groups – thus giving Government ample scope to play one group or community against another.
PUTERA and the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action represented the most progressive public-spirited and dynamic elements of the different communities in the Malayan population and they took their stand on the solid rock of the national cause of Malaya as an united whole, he said.
“New Guise”
Mr. Philip Hoalim, chairman of the Malayan Democratic Union, said that the Constitutional Proposals drafted by PUTERA and the AMCJA directly reflected the will and desires of the most progressive and politically-conscious sections of the people of Malaya.
The proposals constituted the immediate goal of the democratic movement of Malaya.
The revised White Paper represented the views of the ruling class and the small group of privileged persons who sought to prolong their exploitation of the common people under a new guise.
“The White Paper very thoroughly reveals the author’s plan to ‘divide and rule’ the people of Malaya under the pretence of giving special privileges to the Malay community,” said Mr. Hoalim.
He added that the citizenship proposals in the White Paper were particularly revealing in this connection.
A study in faces and races was taken by a Straits Times photographer at the mass meeting at Farrer Park on Sunday, called to protest against the new constitution for the Federation of Malaya excluding Singapore.
Sumber: Akhbar The Straits Times, 22 Sept 1947
PUTERA-AMCJA tubuhkan biro berita di London
Hari ini dalam tahun 1947, Pusat Tenaga Rakyat dan All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (PUTERA-AMCJA) telah menubuhkan sebuah biro berita di London di bawah pentadbiran wakil mereka di sana, Lim Hong Bee. Berikut merupakan artikel dari akhbar The Straits Echo bertarikh 10 November 1947 yang melaporkan penubuhan biro tersebut.
MALAYAN AFFAIRS BUREAU SET UP IN LONDON
Queen's Scholar is Director
Kuala Lumpur, Nov 9 – Putera and the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action, in a press statement, yesterday announced that a News and Information Bureau on Malayan Affairs has been set up in London under the direction of a representative of Putera and AMCJA in London, Mr. Lim Hong Bee.
The statement goes on to say: Mr. Lim Hong Bee, a Queen’s Scholar, who is now in London completing his law studies, is well known to the democratic movement in Malaya as one of the founders and first general secretary of the Malayan Democratic Union. He recently represented the people of Malaya at the International Human Rights Conference in London.
The News and Information Bureau has already set up news and information service on Malayan Affairs and is producing a regular Malayan newsletter, the first issue of which was scheduled to appear last week.
The Bureau has also distributed a large number of copies of the People’s Constitutional Proposals drafted by Putera and AMCJA to M.P.’s, progressive associations, leading English newspapers, the Colonial Office and others.
In his lates report to Putera and AMCJA, Mr. Lim Hong Bee states that letters requesting copies of the People’s Constitutional Proposals are pouring in on every hand, while those to whom copies have been given are asking for more.
Powerful Impression
Request for copies of the People’s Constitution, writes Mr. Lim Hong Bee, have also been received from European countries and from the United States.
Mr. Lim Hong Bee also says in his latest report that the success of the hartal created a powerful impression in London.
The London Times, he says, described the city of Singapore on Hartal Day as an impressive spectacle of miles of shuttered shops and empty streets.
The statement went on to say that it will be of interest to the people of Malaya as an exposure of anti-British propaganda, which is being used against Putera and AMCJA, that among those working in London are several Englishmen. They include Mr. Neill Steward, author, Major John Eyre, and his wife, Joan Eyre, Mr. S. H. Cox, Mr. John Dowding and Dr. E. Montussohi, M.D.
All of them, except Mr. Neill Steward, are well known to democrats in Malaya; as they were stationed here with the British armed services for lengthy periods during the past two years.
These British democrats studies Malayan conditions at first hand and their readiness to participate in establishing of the News and Information Bureau on Malayan Affairs in London under the direction of the Putera and AMCJA representative is very significant.
It proves that these British democrats agree that the policy of Putera and AMCJA on the Malayan constitutional issue is in the best interests not only of the people of Malaya but also of the people of Britain. It also shows that there are many Britishers who wholeheartedly support the campaign on the constitutional issue which is being directed by Putera and AMCJA as being in the best traditions of British militant democracy.
Other Functions
Another function of the London News and Information Bureau will be to maintain constant and close contact with M.P.’s, progressive associations, trade unions and newspapers in England in order that they may keep the truth about Malaya and Malayan condition always before the eyes of the British people.
“We, therefore request all political and other organisations, all trade unions, etc., to send us information about their activities and other relevant news in order that we may relay this information to our London representative, Mr. Lim Hong Bee, who would in particular, like to have journals statements and other publications of Malayan associations,” the statement concluded.
All documentary and other material intended for London should be addressed to the General Secretary, Putera and All-Malaya Council of Joint Action, 59 Klyne Street, Kuala Lumpur.
Sumber: Akhbar The Straits Echo, 10 Nov 1947
Laporan pengisytiharan hartal se-Malaya PUTERA-AMCJA dalam akhbar The Straits Echo 6 Okt 1947 dibaca oleh Lim Kean Chye.
Klip video ini juga memberi jawapan kepada siapa sebenarnya yang bertanggungjawab mencadangkan aksi hartal kepada PUTERA-AMCJA! Seorang tokoh yang sangat progresif pemikirannya pada waktu itu.
Keratan akhbar The Straits Echo bertarikh 6 Oktober 1947.
Laporan pengisytiharan hartal se-Malaya PUTERA-AMCJA dalam akhbar Utusan Melayu 6 Okt 1947 dibaca oleh Zainuddin Andika.
Laporan pengisytiharan hartal se-Malaya PUTERA-AMCJA dalam akhbar Utusan Melayu 6 Okt 1947 dibaca oleh Hashim Said.
Laporan pengisytiharan hartal se-Malaya PUTERA-AMCJA dalam akhbar Utusan Melayu 6 Okt 1947 dibaca oleh Yahya Nassim.
Akhbar Utusan Melayu bertarikh 6 Okt 1947 telah menyiarkan kenyataan pengisytiharan hartal se-Malaya yang dikeluarkan oleh PUTERA-AMCJA di dalam laporan yang bertajuk "Hartal Seluruh Malaya 20 Oktober - PUTERA dan Majlis Bergerak Serentak Jawab MacDonald"
Pada 15 Oktober 1947, PUTERA-AMCJA telah mengeluarkan 12 Slogan/Cogankata Hartal kepada pihak media, merumuskan sebab-sebab utama hari hartal dijalankan untuk digunakan oleh rakyat dalam poster serta sepanduk menjelang hari hartal nanti. Berikut merupakan 12 slogan/cogankata hartal yang disiarkan menerusi akhbar Malaya Tribune bertarikh 16 Oktober 1947 dan akhbar Utusan Melayu bertarikh 17 Oktober 1947.
