skip to main content
research-article

Performance Analysis of Buffering Schemes in Wormhole Routers

Published: 01 June 1997 Publication History

Abstract

Wormhole switched input-buffered and middle-buffered routers with virtual channels are analyzed in this paper. Middle buffering refers to the placement of virtual channels between the demultiplexors and multiplexors of a crossbar switch. An analytical model for multistage interconnection networks using middle-buffered switches is developed. In addition, extensive simulation is conducted to assess the performance of the two buffering techniques in different network topologies. The study demonstrates that middle buffering with virtual channels provides better performance than input buffering with virtual channels in multistage interconnection networks, two-dimensional meshes, and hypercubes.

References

[1]
R. Alverson, et al., "The Tera Computer System," Proc. 1990 Int'l Conf. Supercomputing, pp. 1-6, June 1990.
[2]
A. Agarwal, "Limits on Interconnection Network Performance," IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 398-412, Oct. 1991.
[3]
K. Aoyama, "Design Issues in Implementing an Adaptive Router," master's thesis, Univ. of Illinois, Dept. of Computer Science, Jan. 1993.
[4]
S. Borkar, et al., "Supporting Systolic and Memory Communication in iWarp," Proc. 17th Ann. Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture, pp. 70-81, May 1990.
[5]
Y.M. Boura, "Design and Analysis of Routing Schemes and Routers for Wormhole-Routed Mesh Architectures," PhD thesis, Pennsylvania State Univ., Dept. of Computer Science and Eng., Aug. 1995.
[6]
W.J. Dally, "Performance Analysis of k-Ary n-Cube Interconnection Networks," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 39, no. 6, June 1990.
[7]
W.J. Dally, "Virtual Channel Flow Control," IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 194-205, Mar. 1992.
[8]
W.J. Dally and C.L. Seitz, "Deadlock-Free Message Routing in Multiprocessor Interconnection Networks," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 6, pp. 547-553, May 1987.
[9]
R. Jain, The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
[10]
Intel Corporation, A Touchstone DELTA System Description, 1990.
[11]
M.J. Karol M.G. Hluchyj and S.P. Morgan, "Input vs. Output Queuing on a Space-Division Packet Switch," Proc. IEEE Global Telecomm. Conf., pp. 659-665, Dec. 1986.
[12]
P. Kermani and L. Kleinrock, "Virtual Cut-Through: A New Computer Communication Switching Technique," Computer Networks, pp. 267-286, 1979.
[13]
M. Kumar and J.R. Jump, "Performance Enhancement in Buffered Delta Networks Using Crossbar Switches and Multiple Links," J. Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 81-103, 1984.
[14]
NCUBE Company, NCUBE 6400 Processor Manual, 1990.
[15]
M.D. Noakes D.A. Wallach and W.J. Dally, "The J-Machine Multicomputer: An Architectural Evaluation," Proc. 20th Ann. Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture, pp. 224-235, May 1993.
[16]
J. Peir and Y. Lee, "Look-Ahead Routing Switches for Multistage Interconnection Networks," J. Parallel and Distributed Computing, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 1993.
[17]
H. Sullivan and T.R. Bashkow, "A Large Scale, Homogenous, Fully Distributed Parallel Machine," Proc. Fourth Ann. Int'l Symp. Computer Architecture, pp. 105-117, May 1977.
[18]
Y. Tamir and G.L. Frazier, "Dynamically-Allocated Multi-Queue Buffers for VLSI Communication Switches," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 725-737, June 1992.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)CRAFT: Common Router Architecture for Throughput OptimizationAlgorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing10.1007/978-981-97-0798-0_13(212-229)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2023
  • (2009)Adaptive inter-router links for low-power, area-efficient and reliable Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecturesProceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference10.5555/1509633.1509638(1-6)Online publication date: 19-Jan-2009
  • (2009)Reliability aware NoC router architecture using input channel buffer sharingProceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI10.1145/1531542.1531658(511-516)Online publication date: 10-May-2009
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image IEEE Transactions on Computers
IEEE Transactions on Computers  Volume 46, Issue 6
June 1997
95 pages
ISSN:0018-9340
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

IEEE Computer Society

United States

Publication History

Published: 01 June 1997

Author Tags

  1. Multistage interconnection networks
  2. n-dimensional meshes
  3. router design
  4. virtual channels
  5. wormhole switching.

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)0
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
Reflects downloads up to 15 Sep 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)CRAFT: Common Router Architecture for Throughput OptimizationAlgorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing10.1007/978-981-97-0798-0_13(212-229)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2023
  • (2009)Adaptive inter-router links for low-power, area-efficient and reliable Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecturesProceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference10.5555/1509633.1509638(1-6)Online publication date: 19-Jan-2009
  • (2009)Reliability aware NoC router architecture using input channel buffer sharingProceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI10.1145/1531542.1531658(511-516)Online publication date: 10-May-2009
  • (2009)Multi-cluster computing interconnection network performance modeling and analysisFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2008.07.01025:7(737-746)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2009
  • (2008)iDEALACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News10.1145/1394608.138214236:3(241-250)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2008
  • (2008)iDEALProceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture10.1109/ISCA.2008.14(241-250)Online publication date: 21-Jun-2008
  • (2007)Communication network analysis of the enterprise grid systemsProceedings of the fifth Australasian symposium on ACSW frontiers - Volume 6810.5555/1274531.1274537(33-40)Online publication date: 30-Jan-2007
  • (2007)Analytical communication networks model for enterprise Grid computingFuture Generation Computer Systems10.1016/j.future.2006.11.00223:6(737-747)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2007
  • (2007)Analytical modeling of interconnection networks in heterogeneous multi-cluster systemsThe Journal of Supercomputing10.1007/s11227-006-0011-640:1(29-47)Online publication date: 1-Apr-2007
  • (2006)ViChaRProceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture10.1109/MICRO.2006.50(333-346)Online publication date: 9-Dec-2006
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

View options

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media