Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 38
Evan T. Sage, Ph.D., Ed.

2. Philip, on hearing of the revolt of Athamania, set out with six thousand troops and very quickly arrived at Gomphi. [2] There he left the greater part of his men —for they would not have had strength enough for such hard marching —and with two thousand went on to Athenaeum, which alone had been held by his garrison. [3] Then, when he had quickly learned, by trial of the neighbouring towns, that everything else was unfriendly, he returned to Gomphi and thence, with his whole force united, marched into Athamania. [4] He ordered Xeno to go ahead with a thousand infantry to seize Aethopia, which was favourably situated to threaten Argithea; [5] and when he saw that his men were in possession of the place, he himself encamped near the temple of Jupiter Acraeus. There he was detained for a day by a violent storm, and on the next day began his march toward Argithea. [6] Suddenly as they were advancing the Athamanians appeared, hurrying towards the hills that commanded the road. [7] At the first glimpse of them the advance guard halted and throughout the whole column there was terror and confusion, each for himself considering what would happen if the column were led down into the valleys lying at the foot of the cliffs. [8] This panic compelled the king, who had wished, should his troops follow him, to get through the pass with a rush, to recall the van and retire by the same road by which he had come. [9] The Athamanians at first followed quietly, keeping their distance; after the Aetolians joined them, they left them to harass the column from the [p. 9]rear and threw themselves upon the flanks, while¹ some, going ahead over familiar trails by a shorter route, blocked the crossing; [10] and such great confusion was caused among the Macedonians that in the fashion of a disorderly rout rather than a march under discipline, leaving behind many weapons and men, they crossed the river. [11] This was the end of the pursuit. From that point the Macedonians returned safely to Gomphi and from Gomphi to Macedonia. The Athamanians and Aetolians came from all sides to Aethopia to destroy Xeno and his thousand Macedonians. [12] The Macedonians, distrusting the strength of the place, withdrew from Aethopia to a hill higher and steeper on every side; [13] from this the Athamanians dislodged them, finding ways to scale it in several places, and as they scattered over pathless country and unfamiliar cliffs that offered no aid to flight, part were captured and part killed. [14] Many, panic-stricken, plunged over precipices; a very few with Xeno escaped to the king. Later a truce was made to give them an opportunity to bury their dead.