Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History
Benson Lossing, Ed.

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Indians,

The name commonly applied to the people found by Columbus in America; by many authorities believed to have been the aboriginal inhabitants. The [30] following remarks and tables refer to Indians within the present area of the United States. In manners, customs, and general features the difference between the Indians of the Gulf States and those of the shores of the Northern Lakes is scarcely perceptible; it is only by languages that they can be grouped into great families. East of the Mississippi there were not more than eight radically distinct languages, four of which are still in existence, while the others have disappeared.

Names and location of the principal tribes of the eight Great families at the time of the first settlements.

Name.	Location.
I. Algonquian tribes:
Micmacs	East of the State of Maine.
Etchemins or Canoe men	Maine.
Abenakis	New Hampshire and Maine.
Narragansets	Eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Pokanokets or Wampanoags
Pequots	Central Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Mohegans	Western Massachusetts and Connecticut.
Delawares or Lenni Lenape	New Jersey, the valley of the Delaware and Schuylkill.
Nanticokes	Eastern shores of Chesapeake Bay.
Powhatan Confederacy	E. Virginia and Maryland.
Corees	E. North Carolina.
Shawnees	South of the Ohio, W. Kentucky, and Tennessee.
Miamis	S. Michigan, N. Indiana, and N. W. Ohio.
Illinois	S. Illinois and Indiana.
Kickapoos	N. and central Illinois.
Pottawattomies	Northern Illinois.
Ottawas	Michigan.
Sacs and Foxes	Northern Wisconsin.
Menomonees	Southern shore of Lake Superior.
Chippewasor Ojibways	Southern shore of Lake Superior.
II. Wyandotte or Huron-Iroquois tribes:
Eries (Huron or Wyandotte-Iroquois）	Southern shore of Lake Erie.
Andastes (Huronor Wyandotte-Iroquois）	Head-waters of the Ohio.
Wyandottes (Huron or Wyandotte-Iroquois）	Territory north of Lakes Erie and Ontario.
Senecas (Iroquois proper)	Western New York.
Cayugas (Iroquois proper)	Central New York.
Onondagas (Iroquois proper)	Central New York.
Oneidas (Iroquois proper)	Eastern New York.
Mohawks (Iroquois proper)	Eastern New York.
Tuscaroras (Iroquois proper)	S. W. Virginia and North Carolina. Joined the Iroquois of New York, 1713.

Names and location of the principal tribes of the eight Great families at the time of the first settlements—Continued.

Name.	Location.
Chowans (Huron) or Wyandotte-Iroquois）	Southern Virginia.
Metherrins (Huron or Wyandotte-Iroquois）	Southern Virginia.
Nottaways (Huron or Wyandotte-Iroquois	Southern Virginia.
III. Catawbas	W. North and South Carolina.
IV Cherokees	Mountainous regions of Tennessee, Georgia, North and South Carolina.
V. Uchees	About Augusta, Ga.
VI. Natchez	N. W. Mississippi.
VII. Mobilian or Muscogees:
Chikasaws	Western Tennessee and Northern Mississippi.
Choctaws	Eastern Mississippi and Western Alabama.
Creeks	Alabama and Georgia.
Seminoles	Florida.
VIII. Winnebagoes	About Green Bay, Wis.

principal tribes West of the Mississippi in 1800-30.

Name.	Location.
Dakotas (Sioux）	Wisconsin, west to Rocky Mountains.
Arapahoes	Wyoming, head-waters of Plate.
Cheyennes	Wyoming and Nebraska.
Kansas	Kansas, west.
Poncas	Dakotas.
Omahas	Nebraska.
Mandans	Montana.
Assinibois	Montana and Dakotas.
Minnetaries (Gros Ventres）	Montana.
Missouris	Lower Missouri.
Iowas	Iowa.
Osages	Kansas, west.
Crows	Dakotas.
Kaws	Kansas.
Pawnees	Kansas and Nebraska.
Caddos	Red River and Arkansas.
Shoshones or Snakes	Kansas to Oregon.
Kiowas	Kansas, west.
Utes	Utah and Colorado.
Comanches	Texas and New Mexico.
Apaches	New Mexico and Arizona.
Navajos and Moquis	Arizona.
Yumas	Arizona and California.
Pueblos	Nevada and New Mexico.
Pimas	Arizona.
Bannocks	Idaho and Oregon.
Modocs	Nevada and Oregon.
Nez Perces	Nevada and Oregon.
Flatheads	California, Oregon, and Nevada.
Klamaths	Oregon and N. California.

For other details concerning the various tribes, see their respective titles; also reservations, Indian.