I first encountered the name Denise Levertov when I was in my
early twenties. Reading accounts of twentieth-century poetry, I noticed that
she was almost always the only female writer linked with Black Mountain Poetry,
the influential school of mid-century American poetry centered on Black
Mountain College in North Carolina. Levertov was frequently mentioned alongside
Charles Olson, Robert Creeley, and Robert Duncan. Admittedly, this gender
disparity didn’t prompt a trip to the library to peruse her writing. It would
take her presence in a mid-century educational series to lead me to engaging
with her work in a meaningful way.
The 1960s saw the production and release of Richard O.
Moore’s USA: Poetry, a documentary
series showcasing the work of those that have since become pivotal figures in
modern poetry. Episodes were devoted almost exclusively to men: William Carlos
Williams, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, John Ashbery, Robert Lowell, Frank
O’Hara, Olson, Creeley, Duncan, and many others were featured. (As of this
writing, many of the episodes are available online.) What had me excited about
this series when I discovered its existence was the prospect of seeing and
hearing Olson read his poetry. What little I knew of the 6’8” man responsible
for “Projective Verse,” the 1950 essay-manifesto that declared poetry must be a
“high energy-construct” in sync with the kinetic possibilities of the body, had
me convinced it would be a lively show. I remember it being just that: Olson
gregarious, wide-eyed, loud, perhaps a little bit drunk.
But what made a greater impression was Levertov, the woman spotlighted
in the first half of the episode. Unlike Olson, whose reading had linked a
voice and face to a name, Levertov’s reading had me enthralled by her words. Sure,
I noticed her voice, an English accent through a missing front tooth. I
noticed, too, her cat-eye glasses and bee-hive hair. But these things receded
from attention when she began reading her poetry, especially when she read the
poem “Losing Track.” Here it is in full:
Long after you have swung back
away from me
I think you are still with me:
you come in close to the shore
on the tide
and nudge me awake the way
a boat adrift nudges the pier:
am I a pier
half-in half-out of the water?
and in that pleasure of that communion
I lose track,
the moon I watch goes down, the
tide swings you away before
I know I’m
alone again long since,
mud sucking at gray and black
timbers of me,
a light growth of green dreams drying.
Acknowledging the line breaks and enjambment by slightly pausing or changing her tone, Levertov carried me gently to the poem’s final line. Here, I remember thinking, was a poet who was aware of the tactility of language and the function of the line, how they could be shaped to convey a nuance like the swaying sense of proximity and distance sometimes experienced between people.
Later in the documentary, when Levertov recalls her frustration in being unable to write a poem about the Vietnam War and gestures toward the difficulty of representing violence in a way that satisfies both aesthetic and documentary exigencies, a bitter-sweet feeling washed over me. I was at once disappointed with myself in having repeatedly overlooked Levertov and delighted by the prospect of learning from the work of a technically proficient and politically conscious poet. I remember checking out several of her books from the library, worried that even if the poetry was good my reading would feel like penance for my past inattention. Wonder toward her depictions of the natural world (especially that of the Pacific Northwest), awe toward her intelligence shown in treatment of the Vietnam War and Gulf War, respect toward her honest interactions with doubt and the numinous: these feelings were present while reading her poetry. It would be wrong to describe such an experience as anything like penance.
Immersing oneself in the poetry of Denise Levertov is to
become acquainted with a unique creative being, one who consistently brought to
her writing a belief in the restorative power of the environment, a deep
concern for social justice, and an interest in how people experience wonder,
joy, grief, and pain. I return to Levertov often for these qualities, for how
her imagery subtly plays with thought and feeling, and because her poems leave
my spirit feeling lighter.
I could cite many poems for what
they have taught me, but I’ll note one I hold to be among the most important.
It’s one of the first poems I encountered by her back in my early twenties. It’s
also one of several poems that made me realize reading poetry can be more than
an academic exercise. It helped me realize that reading poetry can be a way of
being emphatically present in the world. What do I mean by this? I’ll get to
this shortly. First, here’s “The Five-Day Rain,” as it appeared in Donald
Allen’s influential anthology The New
American Poetry 1945-1960:
The washing hanging from the lemon tree
in the rain
and the grass long and coarse.
Sequence broke, tension
of bitter-orange sunlight
frayed off.
So light a rain
fine shreds
pending above the rigid leaves.
Wear scarlet! Tear the green lemons
off the tree! I
don’t want
to forget who I am, what has burned me,
and hang limp and clean, an empty dress –
Levertov creates a scene through unaffected language, then gives us two emphatic imperatives (“Wear Scarlet! Tear the green lemons / off the tree!”) and ends with a self-inquisitive voice. I feel much the same about this poem as I did upon reading it for the first time. The suddenness of the imperatives encourages us to reread the poem and pay attention to what precedes the emergence of a voice concerned with her identity. In my case, I focus on the presence of “washing” in the important first line. Then I note the words “broke,” “tension,” and “pending” as prefiguring the exclamations in the final four lines. Based on these cues, all of which seem to relate to being worn down, I think the poem depicts a woman on the verge of lifelessness, strongly urging herself to wear scarlet and rip lemons off trees to fend off the feeling that domestic life is extinguishing her spirit.
By pointing to the status of
women in history in such a compelling way, “The Five-Day Rain” joined a circle
of poems that helped twenty-something me realize that the imagination is
co-extensive with empathy. To write in such a way as to make a lived reality
even partially known is to create an object capable of transforming another
person. To be a reader receptive toward this object is to allow another person
to become part of your pregiven world, the meanings that underpin your way of
being around others. I am grateful to Levertov for helping me come to this
realization and for the ongoing nourishment that is her writing. I’m a better
reader, writer, and person because of both.
M.W. Jaeggle’s newest
chapbook is Choreography for a Falling Blouse (Frog Hollow, 2021). His
poetry has appeared in The Antigonish Review, CV2, The
Dalhousie Review, Vallum, and elsewhere. He lives in Buffalo, New
York, where he is a PhD student in the English department at SUNY Buffalo. He
tweets rarely @underapricity
