Showing posts with label Hebrew. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hebrew. Show all posts

Sunday, May 26, 2024

Hebrew in Latin Characters

Ze'ev Jabotinsky enthusisasts know that one of his ideas was to have Hebrew appear in Latin characters. Joseph Nedava termed it the Latinization of the Hebrew script. He wrote a book, called Taryag Millim, to raise interest. In 1931, JTA reported:
The substitution of Latin characters in the Hebrew language, too, has been urged, notably, by Mr. Ittamar Ben Avi, the son of Eliezer Ben Jahuda, the Hebrew lexicographer, and Mr. Vladimir Jabotinsky. He was sure, Mr. Jabotinsky has written, that the movement would have a great influence on the development of Hebrew by enabling many people who could not read the present Hebrew script to read Hebrew books and papers. Efforts in this direction, he said, have also been made by Dr. Bodenheimer in Cologne and by the Hebrew poet, Dr. Jacob Cohen.
Here is an example, in Jabotinsky's handwriting from 1928, notes he wrote in Hebrew Latin characters:
What I didn't know is that a periodical appeared in Tel Aviv, named Deror that attempted to put this into actual practice. A page:
It wasn't a success and the initiative never gained traction. ^

Tuesday, December 07, 2021

A German Knight Learns Hebrew - in 15th Century Jerusalem

From

The Pilgrimage of Arnold von Harff / Knight / from Cologne, through Italy, Syria, Egypt, Arabia, Ethiopia, Nubia, Palestine, Turkey, France and Spain, which he Accomplished in the years 1496-1499 / Translated from the German and edited with notes and an introduction / by Malcolm Letts. 1946. Pages xxxv, 325

Page 218-219

I found also three German Jews in Jerusalem, as also in all heathen and T urkish places. I kept company with them often on account of the language and learnt to write the alphabet, and retained also certain words from their daily speech, as they are written here:

hee delech gymel hath aleph 

pe ayn samech nun nun 

men men lamed kafif kaff 

taff schyn resz kuff 

zodick zodick ffe 

leherxi, 

jojen, 

moim, 

boissar, 

befinna, 

betzim, 

hometz, 

semeii, 

tangol, 

taiigoles, 

daegim, 

meela, 

toeff, 

va, 

onoge, 

emmes, 

kysiff, 

Arnold von Harff (1471 in Castell Harff, Bedburg – January 1505) was a German traveler from the 15th century, from Köln. He went on pilgrimage to many countries, collecting both languages and cultural information.

^

Saturday, December 29, 2018

I'm Still Recovering from Gantz's Hebrew

Benny Gantz new party calls itself "Resilience".

In Hebrew Hosen, with a guttural ch

חוסן לישראל

Really?

What is "resilience"?

One source is from the world of psychology:

Resilience is what gives people the psychological strength to cope with stress and hardship. It is the mental reservoir of strength that people are able to call on in times of need to carry them through without falling apart. Psychologists believe that resilient individuals are better able to handle such adversity and rebuild their lives after a catastrophe.

A more official definition from that field is

Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress — such as family and relationship problems, serious health problems or workplace and financial stressors. It means "bouncing back" from difficult experiences.Research has shown that resilience is ordinary, not extraordinary. 
A straight dictionary definition has it as
the capability of a strained body to recover its size and shape after deformation caused especially by compressive, stress; an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change
Another has it as
the ability of a substance to return to its usual shape after being bent, stretched, or pressed; the quality of being able to return quickly to a previous good condition after problems:

What does the Bible say?

Isaiah 33:6 וְהָיָה אֱמוּנַת עִתֶּיךָ, חֹסֶן יְשׁוּעֹת חָכְמַת וָדָעַתAnd the stability of thy times shall be a hoard of salvation--wisdom and knowledge
Jeremiah 20:5וְנָתַתִּי, אֶת-כָּל-חֹסֶן הָעִיר הַזֹּאת, וְאֶת-כָּל-יְגִיעָהּ, וְאֶת-כָּל-יְקָרָהּ; Moreover I will give all the store of this city, and all the gains thereof, and all the wealth thereof
Ezekiel 22:25חֹסֶן וִיקָר יִקָּחוּ--אַלְמְנוֹתֶיהָ, הִרְבּוּ בְתוֹכָהּ.they take treasure and precious things, they have made her widows many in the midst thereof
Proverbs 15:6בֵּית צַדִּיק, חֹסֶן רָב; וּבִתְבוּאַת רָשָׁע נֶעְכָּרֶתIn the house of the righteous is much treasure; but in the revenues of the wicked is trouble.
and 
Proverbs 27:24כִּי לֹא לְעוֹלָם חֹסֶן;For riches are not for ever;

Biblical Hebrew indicates that the word has a meaning of some sort of material strength whereas in Modern Hebrew the word has come to mean some sort of spiritual, psychological strength although, indeed, in the fields of engineering and metallurgy, the physical strength of an object is also described as having "hosen".

A strong, strapping lad is characterized as חסון.

The Professors for a Strong Israel group's name in Hebrew uses hosen in connection with diplomatic and economic strength.

To conclude, I do not think "Resilience" is the correct translation.

^

Sunday, February 21, 2016

A Transliteration Oddity

Snapped in Jerusalem, the Dan Panorama Hotel:




Let's zoom in:



I am fairly sure that first word should be Ohev, or could it be completely misspelled and it should be Rodef?

^

Friday, February 06, 2015

How Do You Translate 'Sprinkler'

Spotted


So, is the Hebrew translation, a la those two signs, of 'sprinkler' is just that? 

Sprinkler?

No.

מַמְטֵרָה; מַזְלֵף; מַתָּז


You could use 'mamtera' which is more an irrigration sprinkler of the spray variety but closest to the action of the water.

The 'mazlef' is more of a splash result, like out of a watering can.

The term 'mataz' is more a spray result.

^


Friday, November 04, 2011

Is There Such A Thing As A "Chassidic Winter"?

My brother-in-law sent me this, a sign at the Rest Stop on the Northway North - Clifffon Park and it comes with a Yiddish explanation:


which informs religiously-observant Jews, who read Yiddish, that is, that the water fountain cannot be used for the ritual washing of hands before eating bread and that the washing sink is in the Succah.

And since we're on to linguistists, sort of, here's another poster from a Hareidi neighborhood:



It publicizes a "one-time sale" of winter coats of "Chassidic Winter Coats" which I have encircled.

But those familiar with Hebrew grammar will discern that there's a funny error, I think.

The adjective "Chassidic" which is describing, I presume, the coat, is in singular form rather than plural.  In that form, it is really describing "Winter".

Is there such a thing as a "Chassidic Winter"?

Anyone have a more intelligent thought?


^

Wednesday, August 03, 2011

Cute Word Play

The 15th of Av is a minor festival day, called Tu B'Av in Hebrew.

Contemporary Israel has made it into the Festival of Love or a Valentine's Day.

Spotted this sign reading "Two B'Av", a neat exploitation of English and Hebrew:


and here's a poster advertising fish, to your door, which is another symbol of the Hebrew calendar for during the first 9 days of Av, until after the Tisha B'Av fast, the custom is not to eat meat or drink wine as a sign of mourning for the destroyed Temples:



^

Thursday, July 28, 2011

Justin Bieber and the Hebrew Language

Seen on his chest, off to his left, almost under his arm:


The story is that Justin Bieber and his father, during their recent visit to Israel had matching tatoos done. The word 'Yeshua,' - Jesus' Hebrew name - was what was etched into their torsos.

It is related that his Christian faith is important to him, with him saying prayers in English and Hebrew (?; really) before going on stage to perform.

But, as the Bible makes clear, in Leviticus 19:28:

You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor imprint any marks upon you: I am the LORD

Well, he still has a bit to learn.

^

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

More On Names

Further to this name ignonomy, I found in Abstracts of Hebrew Articles of These are the Names, V - Studies in Jewish Onomastics:

Jewish and Israeli Identity According to the Personal Names of Certain Communities in Samaria by Ofra Malka Birnboim

The study focuses on the factors that determine the choice of names by parents in the religious-nationalistic communities in Samaria. The purpose of the study is to examine what the name signifies and what is its attributed value in this society...Parents from religious-nationalistic
towns in Samaria were asked to give reasons for choosing the names of about 1000 children born between 1982 and 2002. The reasons were classified into five groups that are not mutually exclusive:

(a) event-oriented names, e.g. holidays, national or private events, etc.;

(b) person-oriented names, e.g. names after relatives, after biblical personalities, after modern national or religious figures;

(c)religiously-oriented names, e.g. words from the Bible or the prayers, theophoric names;

(d)positive features and names from nature;

(e) names that sound pleasant.

Contrary to some claims made by sociologists that the modern Israeli tendencies in name choices in Israel override the Jewish identity, this study shows that these religious communities maintain the traditional approach to name assignment, yet are influenced by current Israeli trends as well. In this fashion, they shape contemporary society with a new Jewish and Israeli identity. Many of the names are shared with the secular Israeli society, but the meaning attributed to them by the parents interviewed in this study is religiously oriented. Hence, the traditional Jewish identity is kept intact, but with it there are strong ties to contemporary fashions in naming children.

^

Friday, January 07, 2011

The Hebrew in "Black Swan"

As Natalie Portman explains:


Natalie recalled an early script where her character was named Alexandra. ‘But she seems very much a Nina,’ Natalie said, explaining that in Hebrew, Nina means grace


I thought chen meant grace.

My Hebrew dictionary has nina as meaning a female great-grandchild (in modern usage, but see Genesis 21:23 and Isaiah 14:22); or as deriving from the Hebrew word yinon which means long-enduring, everlasting (see Psalms 72:17).

Has Natalie forgotten her Hebrew?

The film's web site.

^

Friday, August 27, 2010

Shaloha

I just received a note from Hawaii:-

Shaloha Yisrael Medad!
Yes, I am writing to you from the Big Island of Hawaii.

Shaloha.

That sounds so great.

Shalom combined with Aloha.


- - -

Friday, January 08, 2010

Ancient Hebrew - Ancient Nation

Here:-

Did the writing of the Bible begin as far back as the 10th century B.C.E., during the time of King David? That is four centuries earlier than Biblical scholars currently believe - but an inscription recently deciphered by a scholar at Haifa University indicates that for at least some books of the Bible, the answer may be yes.

The inscription, written in ink on clay, is the earliest yet found in Hebrew. It was discovered about 18 months ago in a dig at Khirbet Qeiyafa, near Emek Ha'ela. While it was quickly dated, its language remained uncertain until Prof. Gershon Galil was able to demonstrate that it was an early form of Hebrew...Galil said this discovery disproves the current theory, which holds that the Bible could not have been written before the 6th century B.C.E., because Hebrew writing did not exist until then.

Moreover, he added, the inscription was found in what was then a minor, outlying community - so if scribes existed even there, Hebrew writing was probably sufficiently well developed to handle a complex text like the Bible.

Friday, December 18, 2009

Hebrew, Alive and Well

French linguist Claude Hagège asserts:

...historically, many traces of extinct languages are transmitted to us by linguistic messages which accompany works of art. For instance, many old religious buildings, shrines, temples, churches contain inscriptions. Archaic mints exhibit carved words which keep traces of Latin, classical Greek, Pharaonic Egyptian, Sumerian, Coptic, Turkish, etc. Poems in Classical Chinese often accompany Chinese paintings. Finally, old forms of various languages are conserved in musical works in which the melody is accompanied by the words of one or another language...

...A language is declared to be dead when the last, generally old, people who still spoke it die without having transmitted it to their children and grandchildren. Thus the two, mutually related, criteria are: death of the last speakers and lack of transmission....

...To try to preserve a language is not a useless endeavor. Languages are much more than communication tools. When one tries to preserve something that existed before, it is far from being at the expense of new developments, nor does it by any means crowd us out of the crucial continuance of life...endangered languages are not obsolete systems that no society needs. They reflect various very interesting human cultures which make part of human civilization (as recalled in my “Language-Lover’s Dictionary of Languages,” French edition: Paris, Plon, 2009). Furthermore, they can be revived. When Hebrew became, by the collective decision of a human community, the language of a state, it had disappeared from spoken usage two millenaries earlier. Just because they express endlessly varying identities, human languages do not fall into oblivion when they fall into disuse...

...To some extent, languages can be seen as living species which, like other such species, face extinction, but the “activities of the too-successful human species” cannot themselves be the factor leading to the extinction of languages, since languages are part of the very definition of the human species. This is the reason why most human societies have always cared for dead languages, by keeping traces and testimonies, like the countless texts in Sanskrit, Classical Greek, Latin, and even Sumerian, Pharaonic Egyptian, Geez (old Ethiopic), Classical Chinese, etc. It is therefore not quite true that human societies are powerless against “mortality and the inevitability of uncontrollable change.” If it were true, how could Hebrew have been revived to become the language of the state of Israel today, knowing that it had become extinct as early as the sixth century BC, when it was replaced by Aramaic, the language which Yeoshua of Nazareth spoke, like all other Jews, his contemporaries? There are, besides most of the Bible itself, countless texts in Classical Hebrew. The “only” thing which was needed, in order to revive a language whose death went back to such a remote past, was an enormously strong collective human will. This is exactly what happened in Palestine in the first decades of the XXth century!



Amazing that Hebrew is as it is.

Not really, despite our Exile from the national homeland, we kept our national identity alive.

We willed it.


I left this comment there:

Hagège asks: "how could Hebrew have been revived to become the language of the state of Israel today, knowing that it had become extinct as early as the sixth century BC..." and responds that what was needed was "...,an enormously strong collective human will. This is exactly what happened in Palestine in the first decades of the XXth century!".

Well, in Hebrew, that country would be Eretz-Yisrael, the Land of Israel. We Jews carried our culture, literature, ritual, religion and national consciousness with us in our Exile and all of it was in Hebrew, the language of the Bible, the Midrash and the Mishnah and after the Talmudic Aramaic period, the Geonim (5th-10 century commentators), Rishonim (11-15th century) and Achronim (16th - current). All this great body of text was in Hebrew. Palestine was a foreign Latin name of Roman origin.

And incidentally, is it not odd that Arabs who insist on being referred to as "Palestinians" have no real Arabic name for their supposed homeland?


P.S.

and let's do Yiddish with him:

...American English chutzpah comes from Yiddish, which borrowed it from Hebrew, in which it referred to the attitude of a person who, having killed his parents, throws himself on the mercy of the court saying he is a poor orphan. English could ofcourse translate this word by “shameless audacity,” “presumption-plus-arrogance,” “brazen nerve” and the like. However, only the word in its original (Hebraic) form contains the whole richness of this concept, and all the implications linked with Yiddish humor, so that it is much more significant and suggestive as a loanword than when it is translated...We can conclude that concepts for which no word exists in a given language are often those which do not appear as nameworthy in the culture reflected by this language....

Monday, January 12, 2009

Hebrew As Culture - But Of Which People?

This story is going to be quite interesting.

The essence:

State Weighs Approval of School Dedicated to Hebrew

Nearly two years after a wave of protests over New York City’s first public school dedicated to the Arabic language and culture, state education officials are expected to consider greenlighting a Hebrew-language charter school in Brooklyn this week.

The school would open in the fall if it is approved...and be in District 22, which includes the Sheepshead Bay, Midwood and Mill Basin neighborhoods. The district is 45 percent black, 13 percent Hispanic and 15 percent Asian. It also has a substantial population of Jewish immigrants from Russia and Israel.

...Organizers are taking pains to assure state officials that the school, called the Hebrew Language Academy Charter School, would not cross the church-state divide...They are also in negotiations with a candidate for principal who is not Jewish but who has experience in dual-language education.

The application states that students will receive daily, hourlong Hebrew lessons, and that Hebrew will be woven into some art, music and gym classes — with children learning the Israeli folk dance Mayim in gym, for example. In addition, the social studies curriculum will include lessons on “Hebrew culture and history in the context of both American and world history,” according to the application.

“The H.L.A. planning team understands fully that no instructor or staff member can in any way encourage or discourage religious devotion in any way on school premises,” the application states. “We also understand that the full study and exploration of any language necessarily includes references to the rich cultural heritage inextricably tied to that language, including elements touching on religion.”

...Ms. Berman...said last year...“I hope that we’re very clear that this is not a Jewish school,” adding, “There will be in no way any religious devotion at this school.”

If approved, the academy would join a growing collection of charter schools nationwide...more than 4,600 charters nationwide, 113 have mission statements speaking to a particular cultural theme. Those include the country’s first Hebrew language charter school, Ben Gamla, which opened in Hollywood, Fla., in 2007 amid heated public discussion, and the Tarek ibn Ziyad Academy in Minnesota, which has generated debate over whether it encourages the practice of Islam.

...Adem Carroll, the executive director of the Muslim Consultative Network, a community group, said that he would “be watching to see that due diligence be done, that the school is inclusive of New York City kids from all backgrounds and that it doesn’t pander to any national interest.”


This, though, was just typical, a Jew knocking Jews:

Saul B. Cohen, a member of the Board of Regents, said...“There are youngsters who study Chinese who are not Chinese in origin, but they want to study it for linguistic purposes, business purposes,” he said. But he questioned whether Hebrew was similarly useful. In Israel, he added, English was “completely widespread.”


And who else comments?

“It seems to me that if it’s successful, it’s the type of thing that could grow,” said Steven M. Cohen, a sociologist at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. “With enough charitable funds to kick it off and government funds to support it in Jewishly dense areas, I think there’s a population that would want to use the product.”

Still, he said, navigating the church-state divide could prove tricky. “They’re going to have to walk a very fine line between Jewish as culture and Jewish as religion, and there will be people who are looking to disqualify the school for teaching religious practice,” he added.

Dr. Cohen noted that in Israel, nonreligious Jews “can learn Talmud, Bible, Jewish religious customs and regard it as a secular activity.” He said, “Is that possible in the United States of America?”

“The problem is that Jewish religious practice is part of Jewish culture,” he added. “So how does one make a sharp division between religion and culture?”


What is the motivating factor?

“I think his [Steinhardt's] hope is that Jews who are completely turned off by religion, by rabbis, by Jewish texts, religious texts will find their identity within this school,” said Jonathan D. Sarna, a professor of American Jewish history at Brandeis University. “I think he does deeply care that there be a Judaism for another generation, and his sense is that if we just go business as usual, that won’t happen.”



Here, in Israel, there is a problem, most extremely described as the phenomenom of 'Hebrew-speaking Canaanites', where Israeli Jewish secular kids leave school with not only with a small part of what Jewish education is, quantitatively and even qualitatively, - but with a imbibed anti-religious prejudice.

Here, we are, in the "Jewish" state, and while I fully recognize the cultural element of Judaism (okay, so playing dreidel isn't that crucial), one cannot understand, for example, the various layers and interplay of Hebrew literature, from Agnon to Greenberg (Uri Tzvi, that is) to Alterman to even Amichai, without knowing religion, knowing about religion enough to appreciate the hints, reflections and concepts.

Well, maybe Brooklyn is different.

And as we were taught in Betar: עברי דבר ערבית - Hebrew, speak Hebrew.

Friday, July 11, 2008

Wonderful Words

"The power of Hebrew compels me to such a degree that I irresistibly experience Hebrew even in the German language."


Gershom Scholem
December 1917

and

"What keep us humans together is divine judgment and not empirical forces."


1919

Saturday, March 03, 2007

Names

Ruvik Rosenthal is the William Safire of Maariv newspaper. Words, their origins, phrases, their meaning and other language oddities.

Recently he's gone into female names.

I made my own contribution about the name Aya which can be understood as an abbreviation for Eretz Yisrael Hasheleima - איה - The Integral Land of Israel.

Here's how it appeared:-