
To explain: The reason why structural and
Concept introduction: Cognitive functions are managed by neural systems. These include memory or language system, attentional system, and emotive systems. These systems normally function through motor systems.

Explanation of Solution
Consciousness results from the interaction between neurons located in the ascending reticular activating system that provides arousal; those in the cerebral cortex provide awareness. Arousal is the state of awakeness that maintains consciousness. Any alterations in the level of arousal may alter cognitive functions. A coma is an unresponsive state with an inability to respond to external stimuli and to inner requirements. It results from a diffused insult to both cerebral hemispheres and a lesion in ascending reticular activating system. It may be due to structural, metabolic, or functional factors. Structural alterations may be caused due to infection, neoplasms, congenital alterations, and degenerative changes leading to diffused or localized dysfunction. Metabolic factors may cause reduction in arousal due to loss of delivery of energy substrates. These cause hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte disturbances, which in turn lead to dysfunction in nervous system.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Understanding Pathophysiology, 6e
- Are the supplements you are taking useful? Explain in detail and be sure to review your food intake of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc. from your previous workarrow_forwardDo you regularly take any nutrient supplements? (vitamins, minerals, amino acids) If so, record the amount of each nutrient.arrow_forwardIdentify sources of error that decrease the accuracy of your analysis. In each section mark the sentences that best describe your seven days. Be honest, your answers will tell you how accurate your diet evaluation is and how much stock you should place in your conclusions.arrow_forward
- Do you regularly take any nutrient supplements? (vitamins, minerals, amino acids) If so, record the amount of each nutrient. Are the supplements you are taking useful? Explain in detail and be sure to review your food intake of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc. from your previous work.arrow_forwardConsidering your sodium intake, what specific food selection or food preparation changes, if any, do you feel you should make? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat is the average amount of calories that you consumed in the form of protein? If your program uses grams be sure to multiply by 4Kcals/gram. If your program uses percentages state the average percentage of calories consumed from protein. Are you consuming the adequate range of protein according to the AMDR? List your protein rich food items for all days into two groups; Animal protein foods (dairy/meat/eggs) Plant protein (grains/legumes/nuts & seeds) Should you alter your intake of plant to animal protein? If you altered your intake of the above protein rich foods what effect would this have on the saturated or total fat content of your diet? Be specific.arrow_forward
- What is the average amount of calories that you consumed in the form of protein? If your program uses grams be sure to multiply by 4Kcals/gram. If your program uses percentages state the average percentage of calories consumed from protein. Are you consuming the adequate range of protein according to the AMDR? List your protein rich food items for all days into two groups; Animal protein foods (dairy/meat/eggs) Plant protein (grains/legumes/nuts & seeds) Should you alter your intake of plant to animal protein? If you altered your intake of the above protein rich foods what effect would this have on the saturated or total fat content of your diet? Be specific.arrow_forwardWhat is the average amount of calories that you consumed in the form of carbohydrates? If your program uses grams be sure to multiply by 4Kcals/gram. If your program uses percentages state the average percentage of calories consumed from carbohydrates. Are you consuming the adequate range of carbohydrates according to the AMDR? (a.) LIST your carbohydrate rich foods (10 grams or more) from each day in your food record. (b.) Which contributes most to your CHO intake, starch or sugar? What is the average number of grams of dietary fiber you ate? What are your two major sources of fiber in your diet? What is the Adequate Intake (AI) for the recommended amount of fiber to be consumed daily (refer to your textbook)? Should you be eating more fiber? If you need to eat more, what specific fiber rich foods could you include in your diet? (List only fiber rich foods that you are willing to eat, have time to prepare, and can afford, or are otherwise available to you). Fat What is the…arrow_forwardecological adaptationarrow_forward
- Derive processing rates (-k) using a negative exponential model. Include graphs for species 2 through 10 similar or identical to what I have provided for species 1. Re-recreating the graph species 1 with an identical equation will ensure you are doing this correctly. The process is identical to how you derived leaf retention rates.arrow_forward210 6-Sugar maple 0 5.00 100.0% 211 Acer saccharum ° 5.00 100.0% 212 0 5.00 100.0% 213 0 5.00 100.0% 214 0 5.00 100.0% 215 1 3.98 79.6% 216 1 4.19 83.8% 217 1 4.26 85.2% 218 1 4.04 80.8% 219 1 3.90 78.0% 220 8 3.99 79.8% 221 8 3.76 75.2% 222 8 3.91 78.2% 223 8 3.81 76.2% 224 8 3.92 78.4% 225 21 3.64 72.8% 226 21 4.12 82.4% 227 21 3.66 73.2% 228 21 3.87 77.4% 229 21 3.77 75.4% 230 36 3.87 77.4% 231 36 3.81 76.2% 232 36 3.87 77.4% 233 36 3.42 68.4% 234 36 3.85 77.0% 235 55 3.52 70.4% 236 55 3.52 70.4% 237 55 3.20 64.0% 238 55 3.45 69.0% 239 55 3.47 69.4% 240 107 2.26 45.2% 241 107 1.67 33.4% 242 107 0.84 16.8% 243 107 2.18 43.6% 244 107 2.19 43.8% 245 155 178 35.6% 246 155 199 39.8% 247 155 165 33.0% 248 155 109 21.8% 249 183 0.90 18.0% 250 183 0.96 19.2% 251 183 0.59 11.8% 252 183 0.54 10.8% 253 196 0.01 0.2% 254 196 0.01 0.2% 255 196 0.02 0.4% 256 196 032 6.4% 257 196 0.29 5.8%arrow_forwardB C E 95 3- White ask 3.00 100.0% 96 Fraxinus americana 0 3.00 100.0% 97 0 3.00 100.0% 98 0 3.00 100.0% 99 1 2.42 80.7% 100 1 2.45 81.7% 101 1 2.45 81.7% 102 1 2.36 78.7% 103 1 2.38 79.3% 104 9 2.36 78.7% 105 9 2.23 74.3% 106 9 2.36 78.7% 107 9 2.32 77.3% C 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 ག ག ག གཱ གཱ གཱ སླ མྨཱ ཡྻ བྲཱ བྲཱ ཝཱ ཝཱ ཝཱབྷགྷནཝཱ་ཞངྒངྒེངྒེངྒཡཱཡཱཨསྠཽ སྠཽ སྠཽ སྠཽ སྠཽ ཝཱ 9 2.22 74.0% 19 2.18 72.7% 2.32 77.3% 19 2.03 67.7% 19 2.18 72.7% 19 2.26 75.3% 28 1.91 63.7% 28 2.05 68.3% 28 2.17 72.3% 28 2.02 67.3% 28 2.17 72.3% 43 2.04 68.0% 1.87 62.3% 43 2.00 66.7% 43 1.87 62.3% 43 1.88 62.7% 56 1.84 61.3% 56 1.97 65.7% 56 1.81 60.3% 56 2.01 67.0% 95 1.21 40.3% 95 0.82 27.3% 95 0.64 21.3% 95 1.34 44.7% 148 0.76 25.3% 148 0.92 30.7% 148 0.32 10.7% 148 0.97 32.3% 148 1.04 34.7% 168 0.44 14.7% 168 0.32 10.7% 168 0.24 8.0% 168 0.06 2.0%arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





