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Osborne Executive

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Executive
Also known asOCC-2
DeveloperAdam Osborne
ManufacturerOsborne Computer Corporation
TypePortable computer
Release dateApril 1983; 41 years ago (1983-04)[1]
Introductory priceUS$2,495 (equivalent to $7,630 in 2023)
Discontinued1983 (1983) (bankruptcy)
Units sold10,000+[citation needed]
Operating systemCP/M Plus
CPUZilog Z80A @ 4 MHz
Memory124 KB RAM
StorageDual 5¼-inch, single-sided, double-density floppy drives
Display7-inch monochrome built-in monitor, 80 × 24 characters text
SoundBuilt-in beeper
PowerPSU built-in, 110 / 220 V
DimensionsW: 20.5 inches (52 cm)
H: 9 inches (23 cm)
D: 13 inches (33 cm)
Mass28 lb (13 kg)
PredecessorOsborne 1
SuccessorOsborne Vixen

The Osborne Executive is the successor of the already commercially successful Osborne 1 portable computer by Osborne Computer Corporation. The Executive consists of a collection of the good features from the Osborne 1 and fixes some of its predecessor's perceived flaws.[2]

The Osborne Executive, like the Osborne 1, comes with application software. The WordStar word processor, SuperCalc spreadsheet, and the CBASIC and MBASIC programming languages—all software packages that were the leading applications in their respective niches at the time—had a retail value of more than US$2,495.

The disk drives and built-in 7-inch amber CRT are covered by the keyboard when snapped on to the main case for transportation. Like the Osborne 1, the Executive can be supported by the keyboard at a convenient viewing angle. The Executive includes a cooling fan, unlike the Osborne 1, and a tiny air filter for it.

Software

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The operating system is CP/M version 3.0, aka CP/M Plus. A complete listing of the ROM BIOS is available in the Osborne technical manual. Unlike version 2.2, this edition of CP/M supports bank switching memory; this allows compatible programs to use more RAM. An alternative OS, the UCSD p-System is also included.

Application and utility bundled software
Program Name Version Published by Program Type Date Part Number Number
of
Disks
Picture
CP/M Plus 3.0 Digital Research System Disk / Utilities 1982 3
MBASIC/CBASIC 5.21/2.38 Microsoft/Compiler Systems Inc. BASIC interpreter/compiler 1981 1
Desolation B.C Software
Barry Campbell
Game 1984 1
WordStar/MailMerge 3.3 MicroPro International Corp. Application 2
SuperCalc 1.12 Sorcim Application 1983 1
Personal Pearl 1.02 Relational Systems Application/Database 1982 9G01601-00 6

Compatibility

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The CP/M BIOS of the Executive can automatically detect and use single-sided disks formatted in the following systems:

Many CP/M systems of the time cannot read diskettes formatted for any other brand (sometimes, for other models of the same brand) without using third-party special purpose interchange software. This built-in feature provides a useful amount of flexibility in exchanging data with other systems.

The Executive can also emulate certain models of computer terminal (which is useful for dial-up access to remote systems):

Use

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The Osborne Executive was useful for presentations and projects at client sites. Unlike static presentations, the portable computer could provide on-the-spot answers to numeric questions when working with consulting clients. This laid the groundwork for the kind of 'show me the money' ROI or TCO presentations commonplace today.

A number of Executives have custom ROMs which were personalized when booted; name plates were also etched onto the casing.[3]

The Executive was only produced in limited numbers compared to the predecessor Osborne 1, before the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The financial problems of the Osborne company were aggravated by early announcement of the Executive, which cut into sales of the Osborne 1.[4] This so-called Osborne effect has become proverbial as a mistake that can be made by companies trading in high-technology products.[5]

The company had announced yet another successor product, the Osborne Vixen, but went out of business before the Vixen could be established. An Osborne Executive II, using an 8088 processor, and providing MS-DOS and IBM PC compatibility, was announced but never produced.

Hardware

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Features

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The Osborne Executive is powered by a wall plug, and has no internal battery, although an aftermarket battery pack offering 1-hour run time was available.

Size

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  • Width: 20.5 inches (52 cm)
  • Height: 9 inches (23 cm)
  • Depth: 13 inches (33 cm)
  • Weight: 28 pounds (13 kg) [6]

Upgrades and Enhancements

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Despite having single-sided drives the Executive motherboard is wired to support double-sided drives, providing the SIDE signal from the disk controller socket to the drive connector but is unused by the shipped single-sided Western Digital FD1793 floppy-disk controller.[7]

An upgrade kit to 360 KB double-sided, double-density drives was briefly available from Future Systems, consisting of two new DSDD drives, a drop-in replacement FD1797 disk controller, ROM (1.3) upgrade and an upgraded CP/M BIOS (1.4) and utilities which provides backward compatibility for SSSD/SSDD disks as well as the newer format used by the Osborne Vixen.[8]

An 11 MB hard disk drive option was available from Gard Micro Systems; installation requires the removal of one floppy drive to accommodate the new drive, a new logic board and fitting a more powerful mains voltage fan.[9]

The motherboard also provides a pin header (P12) giving connections to the CPU, RAM and video memory and direct memory access for possible future internal expansion via a daughterboard.[7]

References

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  1. ^ Sullivan, D. (July 1983). "Osborne Executive Takes Aim on Business Market". Desktop Computing. 3 (7). CW Communications: 97 – via Gale. In April, 1983, Osborne Computer Corp. introduced its new portable, the Executive I, and its new president, Robert Jaunich.
  2. ^ "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  3. ^ Vintage Computing Website
  4. ^ "Osborne Executive". www.vintage-computer.com.
  5. ^ "Osborne Executive Introduced - This Day in Tech History". This Day in Tech History. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  6. ^ Roy A. Allan. A history of the personal computer: the people and the technology. Allan Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-9689108-0-7. page 11-7.
  7. ^ a b "Osborne Field Service Manual Revision 2.0" (PDF).
  8. ^ "First Osborne Group, FOG Disk 191".
  9. ^ "EXEC-T Hard Disk" (PDF).
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