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List of military alliances

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Military alliances shortly before World War I. Germany and the Ottoman Empire allied after the outbreak of war.

This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which are formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.

Before AD 1200

[edit]
Legend
Active military alliances
Years Name Members
c. 7th century–338 BC Latin League About 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium
c. 6th century–338 BC Peloponnesian League Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta
493 BC Foedus Cassianum Roman Republic
Latin League
478–404 BC Delian League See Members of the Delian League
215 BC Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty Macedonia
Carthage
433–554 Silla-Baekje Alliance Silla
Baekje
1123 Pactum Warmundi  Kingdom of Jerusalem
 Republic of Venice
1167–1250 Lombard League Numerous cities in medieval Lombardy, modern Northern Italy

1200–1699

[edit]
Years Name Members
1266–1320 Byzantine-Mongol Alliance  Byzantine Empire
 Golden Horde
1295–1560 Auld Alliance[1][2] Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Scotland
1367–1385 Confederation of Cologne Cities of the Hanseatic League
1373 Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373 Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Portugal
1386 Treaty of Windsor[note 1] Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Portugal
1489 Treaty of Dordrecht  Holy Roman Empire
 Kingdom of England
1499 Treaty of Blois Kingdom of France
 Republic of Venice
1508–1510 League of Cambrai Aragon
 Holy Roman Empire
Kingdom of France
Papal States
1511–1513 Catholic League (Italian) Aragon
 Holy Roman Empire
 Kingdom of England
Papal States
 Republic of Venice
1524–1525 Franco-Polish alliance  Crown of Poland
Kingdom of France
1528 Franco-Hungarian alliance Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of Hungary
1531–1547 Schmalkaldic League Various Protestant German States of the Holy Roman Empire
1536–1798 Franco-Ottoman alliance Kingdom of France
Ottoman Empire
1571–1573 Holy League Papal States
 Republic of Venice
Spain among others
1596–1604 Triple Alliance (1596)  Dutch Republic
 Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of France
1608–1621 Protestant Union Various Protestant German States of the Holy Roman Empire
1609–1635 Catholic League (German) Various Catholic German States of the Holy Roman Empire
1631–1639 Treaty of Fontainebleau  Electorate of Bavaria
 Kingdom of France
1635 Treaty of Compiègne (1635)  Kingdom of France
Sweden
1654 Anglo-Swedish Alliance England
Sweden
1654–1764 Pereiaslav Agreement Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate Cossack Hetmanate
1656 Treaty of Marienburg Brandenburg-Prussia
Sweden
1668–1672 Triple Alliance  Dutch Republic
 Kingdom of England
 Sweden
1684–1699 Holy League  Holy Roman Empire
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Republic of Venice
Tsardom of Russia
1689–1713 League of Augsburg  Dutch Republic
 Holy Roman Empire
 Kingdom of England
1699 Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye  Denmark-Norway
 Electorate of Saxony
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Tsardom of Russia

1700–1899

[edit]
Years Name Members
1716–1731 Anglo-French Alliance  Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of Great Britain
1717–1718 Triple Alliance (1717)  Dutch Republic
 Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of Great Britain
1731–1756 Anglo-Austrian Alliance  Kingdom of Great Britain
 Holy Roman Empire
1747–1748 Convention of Saint Petersburg  Kingdom of Great Britain
 Russian Empire
 Dutch Republic
1756–1762 Anglo-Prussian Alliance (1756)  Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Prussia
1756–1792 Franco-Austrian Alliance  Kingdom of France
 Holy Roman Empire
1764–1788 Russo-Prussian alliance  Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia
1773–1810 Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo  Russian Empire
Denmark–Norway
1778–1800 Treaty of Alliance United States
 Kingdom of France
1779–1783 Treaty of Aranjuez  Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of Spain
1781–1790 Austro-Russian Alliance  Russian Empire
 Holy Roman Empire
1786 Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship  Morocco

United States

1788–1791 Anglo-Prussian Alliance (1788)  Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Prussia
1788–1791 Triple Alliance (1788)  Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Prussia
 Dutch Republic
1790–1792 Polish–Prussian alliance Kingdom of Prussia
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1795 Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States and the Regency of Algiers United States
Regency of Algiers Regency of Algiers
1807 Russo-Serbian Alliance  Russian Empire
 Revolutionary Serbia
1815–1818 The Quadruple Alliance  United Kingdom
 Austrian Empire
 Kingdom of Prussia
 Russian Empire
1815–1825[note 2] Holy Alliance  Russian Empire
 Kingdom of Prussia
 Austrian Empire
1865–1872 Triple Alliance of 1865 Brazil
 Uruguay
 Argentina
1866–1868 First Balkan Alliance  Kingdom of Greece (1867)
 Principality of Montenegro (1866)
 Principality of Serbia
1867–1868 Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1867  Kingdom of Greece
 Principality of Serbia
1873 Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru)  Bolivia
Peru
1873–1887 League of the Three Emperors  Russian Empire
Austria-Hungary
 German Empire
1879–1918 Dual Alliance Austria-Hungary
 German Empire
1881–1908 Austro–Serbian Alliance Austria-Hungary
 Principality of Serbia
1882–1914 Triple Alliance  German Empire
Austria-Hungary
Kingdom of Italy
1892 Treaty of Nice  French Third Republic
Kingdom of Italy
1892–1917 Franco-Russian Alliance  French Third Republic
 Russian Empire

1900–1999

[edit]
Years Name Members
1902–1923 Anglo-Japanese Alliance Japan
 United Kingdom
1904 Entente Cordiale[note 3]  France
 United Kingdom
1904 Treaty of Sofia  Principality of Bulgaria
Kingdom of Serbia
1907–1917 Triple Entente France
 Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
1912–1913 Balkan League  Kingdom of Bulgaria
Greece
Kingdom of Montenegro
Kingdom of Serbia
1913–1914 Greek–Serbian Alliance Greece
Serbia
1914–1918 Central Powers Austria-Hungary
 Bulgaria
 German Empire
 Ottoman Empire
1914–1918 Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance  Bulgaria
 Ottoman Empire
1915–1918 Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)  Bulgaria
 German Empire
1915–1918 German–Ottoman alliance  German Empire
 Ottoman Empire
1916–1918 Treaty of Bucharest (1916) France
Italy
Romania
 Russian Empire
 United Kingdom
1920–1921 Polish-Ukrainian Agreement Poland
Ukraine
1920–1938 Little Entente Czechoslovakia
Romania
Yugoslavia
1920–1940 Franco-Polish Alliance (1921) France
Poland
1920–1921 Georgian–Polish alliance Georgia
Poland
1921–1939 Polish–Romanian alliance Poland
Romania
1922–1930 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922 Iraq
 United Kingdom
1924–1938 Treaty of Alliance and Friendship between France and Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
France
1930–1939/40 Finnish–Estonian defence cooperation  Estonia
 Finland
1930–1947 Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 Iraq
 United Kingdom
1934–1938 Balkan Pact Greece
Romania
 Turkey
Yugoslavia
1934–1938 Rome Protocols Austria
Hungary
Italy
1934–1935 Stresa Front France
Italy
 United Kingdom
1935–1938 Czechoslovak–Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance Czechoslovakia
Soviet Union
1935–1939 Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance France
Soviet Union
1936–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 Egypt
 United Kingdom
1939–1944 Anglo-Polish alliance Poland
 United Kingdom
1939–1945 Iberian Pact  Portugal
Spain
1939–1940 Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty  Estonia
 Soviet Union
1939–1940 Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty  Latvia
 Soviet Union
1939–1940 Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty  Lithuania
 Soviet Union
1939–1949[note 4] Pact of Steel Germany
Italy
1940 Ogdensburg Agreement  Canada
 United States
1936–1945 Axis powers

Germany
Italy
Japan

1940–1945 Tripartite Pact

Bulgaria
Croatia
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Japan
Romania
Slovakia
Yugoslavia[note 5]

1941–1945 Anglo-Soviet Agreement  Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
1942–1945 Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942  Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
1942–1945 Declaration by United Nations
1942–1945 Croatian–Romanian–Slovak friendship proclamation Croatia
Romania
Slovakia
1943 Five Eyes (FVEY)  Australia
 Canada
 New Zealand
 United Kingdom
 United States
1946–1948 Treaty of London (1946)[3]  Jordan
 United Kingdom
1947–1957 UK–Ceylon Defence Pact[4][5]  Ceylon
 United Kingdom
1947–1997 Treaty of Dunkirk  France
 United Kingdom
1947 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact)
List
1948–1954 Western Union (WU)[note 6]  Belgium
 France
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 United Kingdom
1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)[note 7]
List
1949–1989 Secret Swedish–American Alliance[6]  Sweden
 United States
1950–1979 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance  China
 Soviet Union
1951 Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America (MDT)  Philippines
 United States
1951 Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)  Australia
 New Zealand (treaty lapsed with United States)
 United States (treaty lapsed with New Zealand)
1951 US–Japan Alliance  Japan
 United States
1952 Brazil–United States Treaty  Brazil
 United States
1952 US–Israel Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement[7]  Israel
 United States
1953 Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of Korea  South Korea
 United States
1953 United Nations Command (UNC)
1953–1956 Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation Greece
 Turkey
Yugoslavia
1954 Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (United States–Pakistan)  Pakistan

 United States

1954–1977 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
List
1954–2011 Western European Union (WEU)
List
1955–1979 Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), previously known as the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) Iran
 Iraq (withdrew in 1959)
 Pakistan
 Turkey
 United Kingdom
1955–1991 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, or Warsaw Pact (WP)
List
1955–1975 Simonstown Agreement South Africa
 United Kingdom
1955–1980 Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Republic of China China (Republic of China)
 United States
1957–1967 Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement (AMDA)  Malaya
 United Kingdom
1958–1962 Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement[8]  Nigeria
 United Kingdom
1958 Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for Cooperation on the uses of Atomic Energy for Mutual Defense Purposes, or 1958 UK–US Mutual Defence Agreement  United Kingdom
 United States
1960 Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan  Japan
 United States
1961–1996 Soviet-North Korean Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance Treaty[9][10]  Soviet Union
 North Korea
1961 Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty  China
 North Korea
1962 Thanat–Rusk Communiqué  Thailand
 United States
1964–1979 Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement[11]  Malta
 United Kingdom
1967–1972 Egypt–Jordan Mutual Defense Agreement[12]  Egypt
 Jordan
1968–1974 Mauritius–United Kingdom Mutual Defence and Assistance Agreement[13][14]  Mauritius
 United Kingdom
1970–1974 Alcora Exercise  Portugal
 Rhodesia
 South Africa
1971 Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA)  Australia
 Malaysia
 New Zealand
 Singapore
 United Kingdom
1975–1994 Israel–South Africa Agreement (ISSA)  Israel
 South Africa
1979 Taiwan Relations Act  Taiwan
 United States
1982 Regional Security System (RSS)
List
1984 Peninsula Shield Force  Bahrain
 Kuwait
 Oman
 Qatar
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
1987 Ronald Reagan's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Australia  Australia
 United States
1987 Ronald Reagan's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Egypt  Egypt
 United States
1987 Ronald Reagan's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Israel  Israel
 United States
1987 Ronald Reagan's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Japan  Japan
 United States
1987 Ronald Reagan's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for South Korea  South Korea
 United States
1994 Compact of Free Association (COFA)  Marshall Islands
 Federated States of Micronesia
 Palau
 United States
1992 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
List
1996 Bill Clinton's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Jordan  Jordan
 United States
1997 Bill Clinton's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for New Zealand  New Zealand
 United States
1997 Union State of Russia and Belarus  Belarus
 Russia
1998 Bill Clinton's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Argentina  Argentina
 United States
1999  European Union (EU)[note 8]
List
[15]

2000–present

[edit]
Years Name Members
2001 Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)
2002 George W. Bush's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Bahrain  Bahrain
 United States
2003 George W. Bush's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for the Philippines  Philippines
 United States
2003 George W. Bush's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Thailand  Thailand
 United States
2003 George W. Bush's De Facto Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Taiwan  Taiwan
 United States
2004 George W. Bush's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Kuwait  Kuwait
 United States
2004 George W. Bush's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Morocco  Morocco
 United States
2004 George W. Bush's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Pakistan  Pakistan
 United States
2007-2008, 2017 Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD/QSD)  Australia
 Japan
 India
 United States
2009 Nordic Defence Cooperation (NORDEFCO)  Denmark
 Finland
 Iceland
 Norway
 Sweden
2010 Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support[note 9]  Azerbaijan
 Turkey
2010 Lancaster House Treaties  France
 United Kingdom
2010 Central European Defence Cooperation (CEDC)  Austria
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Hungary
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
2012-2022 Barack Obama's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Afghanistan Afghanistan (Islamic Republic)
 United States
2014 United States–Israel Strategic Partnership  Israel
 United States
2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA)  Philippines
 United States
2015 Barack Obama's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Tunisia  Tunisia
 United States
2015 Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition (IMCTC)
2015 Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition (RSII/4+1)  Hezbollah
 Iran
 Iraq
 Russia
 Syria
2015 United States's "Major Defense Partner" Designation for India  India
 United States
2015–2020 Enduring Strategic Partnership Agreement between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the United States of America, or U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement (SASPA) Afghanistan (Islamic Republic)
 United States
2019 Donald Trump's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Brazil  Brazil
 United States
2019 International Maritime Security Construct (IMSC)
List
2019 Aachen Treaty, formerly the Treaty on Franco-German Cooperation and Integration  France
 Germany
2020 Lublin Triangle  Lithuania
 Poland
 Ukraine
2021 Franco-Greek defence agreement  France
 Greece
2021 Greece-United States Mutual Defense Cooperation Agreement[19]  Greece
 United States
2021 AUKUS  Australia
 United Kingdom
 United States
2021 Shusha Declaration on allied relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Turkey  Azerbaijan
 Turkey
2021 Russia-Saudi Arabia Military Cooperation Agreement[20]  Russia
 Saudi Arabia
2021 Israel-United Kingdom Defence Pact[21][22]  Israel
 United Kingdom
2021 Jordan-United States Defense Cooperation Agreement[23]  Jordan
 United States
2022 Joe Biden's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Colombia  Colombia
 United States
2022 Joe Biden's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Qatar  Qatar
 United States
2022 British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact[24]  Poland
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom
2022 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Lugansk People's Republic[25][26] Luhansk
 Russia
2022 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic[25][26] Donetsk
 Russia
2022 China-Solomon Islands Security Pact[27][28]  China
 Solomon Islands
2022 United Kingdom-Sweden Defence Agreement[29][30]  Sweden
 United Kingdom
2022 United Kingdom-Finland Defence Agreement[31][30]  Finland
 United Kingdom
2022 Oman-United Kingdom Mutual Defence Agreement[32]  Oman
 United Kingdom
2022 Egypt-Iraq-Jordan Entente[33]  Egypt
 Iraq
 Jordan
2022 Agreement between Japan and Australia concerning the facilitation of reciprocal access and cooperation between the Self-Defense Forces of Japan and the Australian Defence Force (RAA)  Australia
 Japan
2023 Agreement between Japan and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning the facilitation of reciprocal access and cooperation between the Self-Defense Forces of Japan and the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (RAA)[34]  Japan
 United Kingdom
2023 Kenya-United States Defence Agreement[35]  Kenya
 United States
2023 Anglo-Greek Defence Agreement[36][37]  Greece
 United Kingdom
2023 Papua New Guinea–United States Defence Agreement[38][39]  Papua New Guinea
 United States
2023 Pakistan-United States Security Pact[40]  Pakistan
 United States
2023 United States-Vietnam Comprehensive Strategic Partnership[41]  United States
 Vietnam
2023 Alliance of Sahel States (AES/ASS)[42]  Burkina Faso
 Mali
 Niger
2023 The Downing Street Accord between the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norhern Ireland[43]  South Korea
 United Kingdom
2023 Sweden–United States Defense Cooperation Agreement[44]  Sweden
 United States
2023 Finland–United States Defense Cooperation Agreement[45]  Finland
 United States
2023 Denmark–United States Defense Cooperation Agreement[46]  Denmark
 United States
2023 American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact (JAROKUS)  Japan
 South Korea
 United States
2024 Australia-Papua New Guinea Security Agreement[47]  Australia
 Papua New Guinea
2024 Ukraine–United Kingdom Security Cooperation Agreement[48][49]  Ukraine
 United Kingdom
2024 Philippines-United Kingdom Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)[50]  Philippines
 United Kingdom
2024 France-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[51]  France
 Ukraine
2024 Germany-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[51]  Germany
 Ukraine
2024 Djibouti-Turkey Military Pact[52]  Djibouti
 Turkey
2024 Somalia-Turkey Defense Pact[53]  Somalia
 Turkey
2024 Indonesia-Papua New Guinea Defense Pact[54]  Indonesia
 Papua New Guinea
2024 France-Moldova Defense Pact[55]  France
 Moldova
2024 Denmark-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[56]  Denmark
 Ukraine
2024 Italy-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[57]  Italy
 Ukraine
2024 Canada-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[58]  Canada
 Ukraine
2024 Armenia-France Defence Cooperation Agreement[59][60]  Armenia
 France
2024 Netherlands-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[61]  Netherlands
 Ukraine
2024 China-Maldives Military Pact[62]  China
 Maldives
2024 Anglo–Australian Defense and Security Agreement[63]  Australia
 United Kingdom
2024 Moldova–European Union Defense and Security Agreement[64]  European Union
 Moldova
2024 Sweden-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[65]  Sweden
 Ukraine
2024 Norway-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[66]  Norway
 Ukraine
2024 Spain-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[67]  Spain
 Ukraine
2024 Portugal-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[68]  Portugal
 Ukraine
2024 Iceland-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[69]  Iceland
 Ukraine
2024 Belgium-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[70]  Belgium
 Ukraine
2024 Finland-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[71]  Finland
 Ukraine
2024 Latvia-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[72]  Latvia
 Ukraine
2024 Ukraine-United States Security Cooperation Agreement[73]  Ukraine
 United States
2024 Japan-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[74]  Japan
 Ukraine
2024 Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between Russia and North Korea[75]  North Korea
 Russia
2024 Estonia-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[76]  Estonia
 Ukraine
2024 European Union-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[77]  European Union
 Ukraine
2024 Lithuania-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[78]  Lithuania
 Ukraine
2024 Joe Biden's Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Designation for Kenya  Kenya
 United States
2024 Poland-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[79]  Poland
 Ukraine
2024 Romania-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[80]  Romania
 Ukraine
2024 Luxembourg-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[81]  Luxembourg
 Ukraine
2024 Czech Republic-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[82]  Czech Republic
 Ukraine
2024 Slovenia-Ukraine Security Cooperation Agreement[83]  Slovenia
 Ukraine
2024 Philippines-Singapore Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)[84][85][86]  Philippines
 Singapore
2024 Joint Declaration on Enhanced Defence Cooperation between Germany and the United Kingdom[87]  Germany
 United Kingdom

Proposed alliances

[edit]
Name and description Countries
CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms.  Australia
 Canada
 New Zealand
 United Kingdom
France–Japan Reciprocal Access Agreement is currently being negotiated to finalize a formal alliance between Japan and France.[88]  France
 Japan
EU–UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a proposal, most notably from the Labour Party, to sign a formal alliance between the EU and the UK.[89]  European Union
 United Kingdom
Japan–Philippines Reciprocal Access Agreement was negotiated due to rising political tensions in the Pacific.[90][91] Ratification by both countries' legislatures pending.[92]  Japan
 Philippines
South Korea–Japan Defense Pact[93] is a proposed alliance between South Korea and Japan in response to increased aggression from North Korea.  Japan
 South Korea
Japan–Philippines–United States trilateral alliance is currently being negotiated in response to increased military build-up by China.[94]  Japan
 Philippines
 United States
France–Philippines Visiting Forces Agreement is being negotiated.[95]  France
 Philippines
Arab-Israeli alliance refers to an unofficial security coalition comprising Israel and various Arab countries.  Bahrain
 Israel
 Jordan
 Morocco
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
The Saudi-US Security Pact is a long proposed official deal to deepen security relations, gaining momentum under the Biden administration.[96]  Saudi Arabia
 United States

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
  2. ^ Austro-Russian alliance broke off on 1853.
  3. ^ See also Lancaster House Treaties
  4. ^ Effectively ended in 1943
  5. ^ (Two days only)
  6. ^ See also Treaty of Brussels
  7. ^ See also North Atlantic Treaty
  8. ^ See also Common Security and Defence Policy
  9. ^ See also Shusha Declaration

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Franco-Scottish alliance against England one of longest in history (The University of Manchester)". www.manchester.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012.
  2. ^ "Beyond "The Antiseptic Realm of Theoretical Economic Models": New Perspectives on Franco-Scottish Commerce and the Auld Alliance in the Long Seventeenth Century | Siobhan Talbott - Academia.edu". www.academia.edu. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021.
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  4. ^ "United Kingdom And Ceylon (Defence Agreement) - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  5. ^ Barnes, Robert (2022). "'In the Mutual Interest': The Making and Breaking of the United Kingdom-Ceylon Defence Agreement, 1947–1957". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 50 (6): 1093–1122. doi:10.1080/03086534.2022.2084932. S2CID 249944469.
  6. ^ SOU 1994:11 Om kriget kommit... Förberedelser för mottagande av militärt bistånd 1949–1969
  7. ^ "Technical Difficulties".
  8. ^ Marco Wyss Marco Wyss (22 April 2021). "The Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement | Postcolonial Security: Britain, France, and West Africa's Cold War | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  9. ^ Ramani, Samuel (24 June 2024). "From Reluctant Enforcer to Outright Saboteur: Russia's Crusade Against North Korea Sanctions". 38 North. The Henry L. Stimson Center. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  10. ^ "1961 Treaty of Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Assistance Between..." www.documentcloud.org. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  11. ^ "Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  12. ^ Wall, Michael (31 May 2019). "Hussein and Nasser sign defence agreement - archive, 1967 | Middle East and north Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  13. ^ "MAURITIUS - UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on Mutual Defence and Assistance". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  14. ^ Houbert, Jean (8 November 2008). "Mauritius: Independence and Dependence". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19: 75–105. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054136. S2CID 154753371. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  15. ^ "TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States."". The Treaty on European Union. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  16. ^ Faucon, Benoit; Nissenbaum, Dion (31 May 2023). "U.A.E. Says It Exited U.S.-Led Naval Force". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  17. ^ "UAE rejects mischaracterisation of US-UAE conversations regarding maritime security". Gulf Today. 31 May 2023. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  18. ^ "Australia concludes its contribution to the International Maritime Security Construct". Department of Defence (Australia). 29 December 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  19. ^ "The United States and Greece: United by Democratic Values, Advancing Shared Goals for Peace and Prosperity". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Saudis Sign Military Cooperation Agreement With Russia". RadioFreeEurope. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
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