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r368 r411 1 <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.7 5.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.3.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="migration.html" title="Part IV. Migration and Updating"><link rel="prev" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html" title="Chapter 35. Updating and Upgrading Samba"><link rel="next" href="SWAT.html" title="Chapter 37. SWAT: The Samba Web Administration Tool"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Migration and Updating</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" title="Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="NT4Migration"></a>Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">April 3, 2003</p></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2685152">Planning and Getting Started</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2685187">Objectives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2686132">Steps in Migration Process</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2686367">Migration Options</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2686454">Planning for Success</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2686687">Samba-3 Implementation Choices</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>2 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85135"></a>3 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85142"></a>1 <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.3.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="migration.html" title="Part IV. Migration and Updating"><link rel="prev" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html" title="Chapter 35. Updating and Upgrading Samba"><link rel="next" href="SWAT.html" title="Chapter 37. SWAT: The Samba Web Administration Tool"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part IV. Migration and Updating</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="NT4Migration"></a>Chapter 36. Migration from NT4 PDC to Samba-3 PDC</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">April 3, 2003</p></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2679067">Planning and Getting Started</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2679102">Objectives</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2680047">Steps in Migration Process</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2680282">Migration Options</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2680369">Planning for Success</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="NT4Migration.html#id2680602">Samba-3 Implementation Choices</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> 2 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679050"></a> 3 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679057"></a> 4 4 This is a rough guide to assist those wishing to migrate from NT4 domain control to 5 5 Samba-3-based domain control. 6 </p><div class="sect1" title="Planning and Getting Started"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2685152"></a>Planning and Getting Started</h2></div></div></div><p>7 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85160"></a>6 </p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2679067"></a>Planning and Getting Started</h2></div></div></div><p> 7 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679075"></a> 8 8 In the IT world there is often a saying that all problems are encountered because of 9 9 poor planning. The corollary to this saying is that not all problems can be anticipated 10 10 and planned for. Then again, good planning will anticipate most show-stopper-type situations. 11 11 </p><p> 12 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85175"></a>12 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679090"></a> 13 13 Those wishing to migrate from MS Windows NT4 domain control to a Samba-3 domain control 14 14 environment would do well to develop a detailed migration plan. So here are a few pointers to 15 15 help migration get underway. 16 </p><div class="sect2" title="Objectives"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2685187"></a>Objectives</h3></div></div></div><p>17 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85194"></a>16 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2679102"></a>Objectives</h3></div></div></div><p> 17 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679109"></a> 18 18 The key objective for most organizations is to make the migration from MS Windows NT4 19 19 to Samba-3 domain control as painless as possible. One of the challenges you may experience … … 22 22 pressure to return to a Microsoft-based platform solution at the first sign of trouble. 23 23 </p><p> 24 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85212"></a>24 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679127"></a> 25 25 Before attempting a migration to a Samba-3-controlled network, make every possible effort to 26 26 gain all-round commitment to the change. Know precisely <span class="emphasis"><em>why</em></span> the change 27 27 is important for the organization. Possible motivations to make a change include: 28 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id26 85228"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685235"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685242"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685249"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685256"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Improve network manageability.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Obtain better user-level functionality.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Reduce network operating costs.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Reduce exposure caused by Microsoft withdrawal of NT4 support.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Avoid MS License 6 implications.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Reduce organization's dependency on Microsoft.</p></li></ul></div><p>29 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85299"></a>30 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85306"></a>31 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85312"></a>32 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85319"></a>33 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85326"></a>34 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85333"></a>28 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2679143"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679150"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679157"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679164"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679171"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Improve network manageability.</p></li><li><p>Obtain better user-level functionality.</p></li><li><p>Reduce network operating costs.</p></li><li><p>Reduce exposure caused by Microsoft withdrawal of NT4 support.</p></li><li><p>Avoid MS License 6 implications.</p></li><li><p>Reduce organization's dependency on Microsoft.</p></li></ul></div><p> 29 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679214"></a> 30 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679221"></a> 31 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679227"></a> 32 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679234"></a> 33 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679241"></a> 34 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679248"></a> 35 35 Make sure everyone knows that Samba-3 is not MS Windows NT4. Samba-3 offers 36 36 an alternative solution that is both different from MS Windows NT4 and offers … … 40 40 </p><p> 41 41 What are the features that Samba-3 cannot provide? 42 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id26 85351"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685358"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685366"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685373"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685380"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Active Directory Server.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Group Policy Objects (in Active Directory).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Machine Policy Objects.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Logon Scripts in Active Directory.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Software Application and Access Controls in Active Directory.</p></li></ul></div><p>42 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2679266"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679273"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679280"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679288"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679294"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Active Directory Server.</p></li><li><p>Group Policy Objects (in Active Directory).</p></li><li><p>Machine Policy Objects.</p></li><li><p>Logon Scripts in Active Directory.</p></li><li><p>Software Application and Access Controls in Active Directory.</p></li></ul></div><p> 43 43 The features that Samba-3 does provide and that may be of compelling interest to your site 44 44 include: 45 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id26 85420"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685427"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685434"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685441"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685448"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685455"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685462"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685468"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685475"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685482"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685489"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685496"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685503"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685510"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2685517"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Lower cost of ownership.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Global availability of support with no strings attached.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Dynamic SMB servers (can run more than one SMB/CIFS server per UNIX/Linux system).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Creation of on-the-fly logon scripts.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Creation of on-the-fly policy files.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Greater stability, reliability, performance, and availability.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Manageability via an SSH connection.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Flexible choices of backend authentication technologies (tdbsam, ldapsam).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Ability to implement a full single-sign-on architecture.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Ability to distribute authentication systems for absolute minimum wide-area network bandwidth demand.</p></li></ul></div><p>46 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85583"></a>45 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2679335"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679342"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679349"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679356"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679363"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679370"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679376"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679383"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679390"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679397"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679404"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679411"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679418"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679425"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2679432"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Lower cost of ownership.</p></li><li><p>Global availability of support with no strings attached.</p></li><li><p>Dynamic SMB servers (can run more than one SMB/CIFS server per UNIX/Linux system).</p></li><li><p>Creation of on-the-fly logon scripts.</p></li><li><p>Creation of on-the-fly policy files.</p></li><li><p>Greater stability, reliability, performance, and availability.</p></li><li><p>Manageability via an SSH connection.</p></li><li><p>Flexible choices of backend authentication technologies (tdbsam, ldapsam).</p></li><li><p>Ability to implement a full single-sign-on architecture.</p></li><li><p>Ability to distribute authentication systems for absolute minimum wide-area network bandwidth demand.</p></li></ul></div><p> 46 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679498"></a> 47 47 Before migrating a network from MS Windows NT4 to Samba-3, consider all necessary factors. Users 48 48 should be educated about changes they may experience so the change will be a welcome one 49 49 and not become an obstacle to the work they need to do. The following sections explain factors that will 50 50 help ensure a successful migration. 51 </p><div class="sect3" title="Domain Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2685596"></a>Domain Layout</h4></div></div></div><p>52 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85604"></a>53 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85611"></a>54 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85618"></a>55 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85625"></a>56 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85632"></a>57 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85639"></a>58 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85646"></a>59 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85653"></a>60 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85660"></a>61 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85666"></a>62 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85673"></a>63 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85680"></a>64 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85687"></a>65 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85694"></a>66 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85701"></a>67 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85708"></a>51 </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2679511"></a>Domain Layout</h4></div></div></div><p> 52 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679519"></a> 53 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679526"></a> 54 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679533"></a> 55 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679540"></a> 56 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679547"></a> 57 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679554"></a> 58 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679561"></a> 59 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679568"></a> 60 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679575"></a> 61 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679581"></a> 62 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679588"></a> 63 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679595"></a> 64 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679602"></a> 65 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679609"></a> 66 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679616"></a> 67 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679623"></a> 68 68 Samba-3 can be configured as a domain controller, a backup domain controller (probably best called 69 69 a secondary controller), a domain member, or a standalone server. The Windows network security … … 75 75 a master server and multiple slave servers) that can simultaneously serve multiple domains. 76 76 </p><p> 77 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85731"></a>77 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679646"></a> 78 78 From a design perspective, the number of users per server as well as the number of servers per 79 79 domain should be scaled taking into consideration server capacity and network bandwidth. 80 80 </p><p> 81 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85745"></a>82 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85752"></a>83 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85759"></a>84 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85766"></a>85 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85772"></a>86 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85779"></a>81 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679660"></a> 82 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679666"></a> 83 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679674"></a> 84 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679680"></a> 85 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679687"></a> 86 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679694"></a> 87 87 A physical network segment may house several domains. Each may span multiple network segments. 88 88 Where domains span routed network segments, consider and test the performance implications of … … 91 91 response time (ping timing) between the remote segment and the PDC. If it's long (more than 100 ms), 92 92 locate a BDC on the remote segment to serve as the local authentication and access control server. 93 </p></div><div class="sect3" title="Server Share and Directory Layout"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2685798"></a>Server Share and Directory Layout</h4></div></div></div><p>94 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85806"></a>95 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85813"></a>93 </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2679713"></a>Server Share and Directory Layout</h4></div></div></div><p> 94 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679721"></a> 95 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679728"></a> 96 96 There are cardinal rules to effective network design that cannot be broken with impunity. 97 97 The most important rule: Simplicity is king in every well-controlled network. Every part of … … 99 99 of keeping systems secure and functional. 100 100 </p><p> 101 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85828"></a>102 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85835"></a>103 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85842"></a>104 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85849"></a>105 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85856"></a>106 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85863"></a>101 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679743"></a> 102 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679750"></a> 103 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679757"></a> 104 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679764"></a> 105 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679771"></a> 106 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679778"></a> 107 107 Keep in mind the nature of how data must be shared. Physical disk space layout should be considered 108 108 carefully. Some data must be backed up. The simpler the disk layout, the easier it will be to … … 112 112 backup, test, and validate every backup; create a disaster recovery plan and prove that it works. 113 113 </p><p> 114 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85892"></a>115 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85899"></a>116 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85906"></a>114 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679807"></a> 115 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679814"></a> 116 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679821"></a> 117 117 Users should be grouped according to data access control needs. File and directory access 118 is best controlled via group permissions, and the use of the <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">sticky bit</span>”</span>on group-controlled118 is best controlled via group permissions, and the use of the “<span class="quote">sticky bit</span>” on group-controlled 119 119 directories may substantially avoid file access complaints from Samba share users. 120 120 </p><p> 121 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85924"></a>122 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85931"></a>123 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85938"></a>124 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85945"></a>125 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85952"></a>121 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679839"></a> 122 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679846"></a> 123 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679853"></a> 124 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679860"></a> 125 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679867"></a> 126 126 Inexperienced network administrators often attempt elaborate techniques to set access 127 127 controls on files, directories, shares, as well as in share definitions. … … 132 132 controls simple and effective, and make sure that users will never be interrupted by obtuse 133 133 complexity. 134 </p></div><div class="sect3" title="Logon Scripts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2685972"></a>Logon Scripts</h4></div></div></div><p>135 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 85980"></a>134 </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2679887"></a>Logon Scripts</h4></div></div></div><p> 135 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679895"></a> 136 136 Logon scripts can help to ensure that all users gain the share and printer connections they need. 137 137 </p><p> … … 141 141 the <a class="link" href="smb.conf.5.html#ROOTPREEXEC" target="_top">root preexec</a> parameters to the <em class="parameter"><code>NETLOGON</code></em> share. 142 142 </p><p> 143 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 86019"></a>143 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679934"></a> 144 144 Some sites prefer to use a tool such as <code class="literal">kixstart</code> to establish a controlled 145 145 user environment. In any case, you may wish to do a Google search for logon script process controls. 146 146 In particular, you may wish to explore the use of the Microsoft Knowledge Base article KB189105 that 147 147 deals with how to add printers without user intervention via the logon script process. 148 </p></div><div class="sect3" title="Profile Migration/Creation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2686039"></a>Profile Migration/Creation</h4></div></div></div><p>148 </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2679954"></a>Profile Migration/Creation</h4></div></div></div><p> 149 149 User and group profiles may be migrated using the tools described in the section titled Desktop Profile 150 150 Management. 151 151 </p><p> 152 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 86052"></a>153 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 86059"></a>152 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679967"></a> 153 <a class="indexterm" name="id2679974"></a> 154 154 Profiles may also be managed using the Samba-3 tool <code class="literal">profiles</code>. This tool allows the MS 155 155 Windows NT-style security identifiers (SIDs) that are stored inside the profile 156 156 <code class="filename">NTuser.DAT</code> file to be changed to the SID of the Samba-3 domain. 157 </p></div><div class="sect3" title="User and Group Accounts"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2686083"></a>User and Group Accounts</h4></div></div></div><p>158 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6091"></a>159 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6098"></a>160 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6105"></a>161 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6112"></a>157 </p></div><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2679998"></a>User and Group Accounts</h4></div></div></div><p> 158 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680006"></a> 159 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680013"></a> 160 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680020"></a> 161 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680027"></a> 162 162 It is possible to migrate all account settings from an MS Windows NT4 domain to Samba-3. Before 163 163 attempting to migrate user and group accounts, you are STRONGLY advised to create in Samba-3 the … … 165 165 suitable UNIX/Linux groups. By following this simple advice, all user and group attributes 166 166 should migrate painlessly. 167 </p></div></div><div class="sect2" title="Steps in Migration Process"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2686132"></a>Steps in Migration Process</h3></div></div></div><p>167 </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2680047"></a>Steps in Migration Process</h3></div></div></div><p> 168 168 The approximate migration process is described below. 169 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>169 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> 170 170 You have an NT4 PDC that has the users, groups, policies, and profiles to be migrated. 171 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>172 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6153"></a>173 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6160"></a>174 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6167"></a>171 </p></li><li><p> 172 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680068"></a> 173 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680075"></a> 174 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680082"></a> 175 175 Samba-3 is set up as a domain controller with netlogon share, profile share, and so on. Configure the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file 176 176 to function as a BDC: <em class="parameter"><code>domain master = No</code></em>. 177 </p></li></ul></div><div class="procedure" title="Procedure 36.1. The Account Migration Process"><a name="id2686190"></a><p class="title"><b>Procedure 36.1. The Account Migration Process</b></p><a class="indexterm" name="id2686278"></a><ol class="procedure" type="1"><li class="step" title="Step 1"><p>178 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6201"></a>177 </p></li></ul></div><div class="procedure"><a name="id2680105"></a><p class="title"><b>Procedure 36.1. The Account Migration Process</b></p><a class="indexterm" name="id2680193"></a><ol type="1"><li><p> 178 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680116"></a> 179 179 Create a BDC account in the old NT4 domain for the Samba server using NT Server Manager. 180 180 <span class="emphasis"><em>Samba must not be running.</em></span> 181 </p></li><li class="step" title="Step 2"><p>182 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6220"></a>181 </p></li><li><p> 182 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680135"></a> 183 183 <strong class="userinput"><code>net rpc join -S <em class="replaceable"><code>NT4PDC</code></em> -w <em class="replaceable"><code>DOMNAME</code></em> -U 184 184 Administrator%<em class="replaceable"><code>passwd</code></em></code></strong> 185 </p></li><li class="step" title="Step 3"><p>186 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6254"></a>185 </p></li><li><p> 186 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680169"></a> 187 187 <strong class="userinput"><code>net rpc vampire -S <em class="replaceable"><code>NT4PDC</code></em> -U 188 188 administrator%<em class="replaceable"><code>passwd</code></em></code></strong> 189 </p></li><li class="step" title="Step 4"><p><strong class="userinput"><code>pdbedit -L</code></strong></p><p>Note: Did the users migrate?</p></li><li class="step" title="Step 5"><p>190 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6305"></a>191 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6314"></a>189 </p></li><li><p><strong class="userinput"><code>pdbedit -L</code></strong></p><p>Note: Did the users migrate?</p></li><li><p> 190 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680220"></a> 191 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680229"></a> 192 192 Now assign each of the UNIX groups to NT groups: 193 193 (It may be useful to copy this text to a script called <code class="filename">initGroups.sh</code>) … … 206 206 net groupmap add ntgroup="QA Team" unixgroup=qateam type=d 207 207 </pre><p> 208 </p></li><li class="step" title="Step 6"><p><strong class="userinput"><code>net groupmap list</code></strong></p><p>Check that all groups are recognized.208 </p></li><li><p><strong class="userinput"><code>net groupmap list</code></strong></p><p>Check that all groups are recognized. 209 209 </p></li></ol></div><p> 210 210 Migrate all the profiles, then migrate all policy files. 211 </p></div></div><div class="sect1" title="Migration Options"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2686367"></a>Migration Options</h2></div></div></div><p>211 </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2680282"></a>Migration Options</h2></div></div></div><p> 212 212 Sites that wish to migrate from MS Windows NT4 domain control to a Samba-based solution 213 213 generally fit into three basic categories. <a class="link" href="NT4Migration.html#majtypes" title="Table 36.1. The Three Major Site Types">Following table</a> shows the possibilities. 214 214 </p><div class="table"><a name="majtypes"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 36.1. The Three Major Site Types</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="The Three Major Site Types" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Number of Users</th><th align="justify">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">< 50</td><td align="justify"><p>Want simple conversion with no pain.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">50 - 250</td><td align="justify"><p>Want new features; can manage some inhouse complexity.</p></td></tr><tr><td align="left">> 250</td><td align="justify"><p>Solution/implementation must scale well; complex needs. 215 Cross-departmental decision process. Local expertise in most areas.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><div class="sect2" title="Planning for Success"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2686454"></a>Planning for Success</h3></div></div></div><p>215 Cross-departmental decision process. Local expertise in most areas.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2680369"></a>Planning for Success</h3></div></div></div><p> 216 216 There are three basic choices for sites that intend to migrate from MS Windows NT4 217 217 to Samba-3: 218 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>218 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> 219 219 Simple conversion (total replacement). 220 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>220 </p></li><li><p> 221 221 Upgraded conversion (could be one of integration). 222 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>222 </p></li><li><p> 223 223 Complete redesign (completely new solution). 224 224 </p></li></ul></div><p> 225 225 Minimize downstream problems by: 226 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>226 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p> 227 227 Taking sufficient time. 228 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>228 </p></li><li><p> 229 229 Avoiding panic. 230 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>230 </p></li><li><p> 231 231 Testing all assumptions. 232 </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>232 </p></li><li><p> 233 233 Testing the full roll-out program, including workstation deployment. 234 234 </p></li></ul></div><p><a class="link" href="NT4Migration.html#natconchoices" title="Table 36.2. Nature of the Conversion Choices">Following table</a> lists the conversion choices given the type of migration 235 235 being contemplated. 236 </p><div class="table"><a name="natconchoices"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 36.2. Nature of the Conversion Choices</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Nature of the Conversion Choices" border="1"><colgroup><col align="justify"><col align="justify"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="justify">Simple Install</th><th align="justify">Upgrade Decisions</th><th align="justify">Redesign Decisions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><p>Make use of minimal OS-specific features</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Translate NT4 features to new host OS features</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Improve on NT4 functionality, enhance management capabilities</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Move all accounts from NT4 into Samba-3</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Copy and improve</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Authentication regime (database location and access)</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Make least number of operational changes</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Make progressive improvements</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Desktop management methods</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Take least amount of time to migrate</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Minimize user impact</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Better control of Desktops/Users</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Live versus isolated conversion</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Maximize functionality</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Identify Needs for: <span class="emphasis"><em>Manageability, Scalability, Security, Availability</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Integrate Samba-3, then migrate while users are active, then change of control (swap out)</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Take advantage of lower maintenance opportunity</p></td><td align="justify"><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div><div class="sect2" title="Samba-3 Implementation Choices"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2686687"></a>Samba-3 Implementation Choices</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Authentication Database/Backend</span></dt><dd><p>236 </p><div class="table"><a name="natconchoices"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 36.2. Nature of the Conversion Choices</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Nature of the Conversion Choices" border="1"><colgroup><col align="justify"><col align="justify"><col align="justify"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="justify">Simple Install</th><th align="justify">Upgrade Decisions</th><th align="justify">Redesign Decisions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="justify"><p>Make use of minimal OS-specific features</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Translate NT4 features to new host OS features</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Improve on NT4 functionality, enhance management capabilities</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Move all accounts from NT4 into Samba-3</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Copy and improve</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Authentication regime (database location and access)</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Make least number of operational changes</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Make progressive improvements</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Desktop management methods</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Take least amount of time to migrate</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Minimize user impact</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Better control of Desktops/Users</p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Live versus isolated conversion</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Maximize functionality</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Identify Needs for: <span class="emphasis"><em>Manageability, Scalability, Security, Availability</em></span></p></td></tr><tr><td align="justify"><p>Integrate Samba-3, then migrate while users are active, then change of control (swap out)</p></td><td align="justify"><p>Take advantage of lower maintenance opportunity</p></td><td align="justify"><p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2680602"></a>Samba-3 Implementation Choices</h3></div></div></div><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">Authentication Database/Backend</span></dt><dd><p> 237 237 Samba-3 can use an external authentication backend: 238 238 </p><p> 239 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Winbind (external Samba or NT4/200x server).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>External server could use Active Directory or NT4 domain.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Can use pam_mkhomedir.so to autocreate home directories.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p> Samba-3 can use a local authentication backend: <em class="parameter"><code>smbpasswd</code></em>,239 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Winbind (external Samba or NT4/200x server).</p></li><li><p>External server could use Active Directory or NT4 domain.</p></li><li><p>Can use pam_mkhomedir.so to autocreate home directories.</p></li><li><p> Samba-3 can use a local authentication backend: <em class="parameter"><code>smbpasswd</code></em>, 240 240 <em class="parameter"><code>tdbsam</code></em>, <em class="parameter"><code>ldapsam</code></em> 241 241 </p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Access Control Points</span></dt><dd><p> 242 242 Samba permits Access Control points to be set: 243 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id268 6760"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2686767"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2686774"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2686781"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>On the share itself using share ACLs.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>On the file system using UNIX permissions on files and directories.</p><p>Note: Can enable Posix ACLs in file system also.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Through Samba share parameters not recommended except as last resort.</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Policies (migrate or create new ones)</span></dt><dd><p>244 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6829"></a>245 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6835"></a>243 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2680675"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2680682"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2680689"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2680696"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>On the share itself using share ACLs.</p></li><li><p>On the file system using UNIX permissions on files and directories.</p><p>Note: Can enable Posix ACLs in file system also.</p></li><li><p>Through Samba share parameters not recommended except as last resort.</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Policies (migrate or create new ones)</span></dt><dd><p> 244 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680744"></a> 245 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680750"></a> 246 246 Exercise great caution when making registry changes; use the right tool and be aware 247 247 that changes made through NT4-style <code class="filename">NTConfig.POL</code> files can leave 248 248 permanent changes. 249 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6851"></a>250 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6858"></a>251 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6865"></a>252 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Using Group Policy Editor (NT4).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Watch out for tattoo effect.</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">User and Group Profiles</span></dt><dd><p>253 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6896"></a>254 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6903"></a>249 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680766"></a> 250 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680773"></a> 251 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680780"></a> 252 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Using Group Policy Editor (NT4).</p></li><li><p>Watch out for tattoo effect.</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">User and Group Profiles</span></dt><dd><p> 253 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680811"></a> 254 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680818"></a> 255 255 Platform-specific, so use platform tool to change from a local to a roaming profile. 256 256 Can use new profiles tool to change SIDs (<code class="filename">NTUser.DAT</code>). … … 258 258 Know how they work. 259 259 </p></dd><dt><span class="term">User and Group Mapping to UNIX/Linux</span></dt><dd><p> 260 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 6941"></a>260 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680856"></a> 261 261 User and group mapping code is new. Many problems have been experienced as network administrators 262 262 who are familiar with Samba-2.2.x migrate to Samba-3. Carefully study the chapters that document 263 263 the new password backend behavior and the new group mapping functionality. 264 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>The <em class="parameter"><code>username map</code></em> facility may be needed.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Use <code class="literal">net groupmap</code> to connect NT4 groups to UNIX groups.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>264 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>The <em class="parameter"><code>username map</code></em> facility may be needed.</p></li><li><p>Use <code class="literal">net groupmap</code> to connect NT4 groups to UNIX groups.</p></li><li><p> 265 265 Use <code class="literal">pdbedit</code> to set/change user configuration. 266 266 </p><p> … … 271 271 that were based on the experience of the designer and may have side effects that were not 272 272 anticipated. Limitations that may bite the Windows network administrator include: 273 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Add/Delete Users: Note OS limits on size of name274 (Linux 8 chars, NT4 up to 254 chars).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Add/Delete Machines: Applied only to domain members275 (Note: machine names may be limited to 16 characters).</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Use <code class="literal">net groupmap</code> to connect NT4 groups to UNIX groups.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Add/Delete Groups: Note OS limits on size and nature.273 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Add/Delete Users: Note OS limits on size of name 274 (Linux 8 chars, NT4 up to 254 chars).</p></li><li><p>Add/Delete Machines: Applied only to domain members 275 (Note: machine names may be limited to 16 characters).</p></li><li><p>Use <code class="literal">net groupmap</code> to connect NT4 groups to UNIX groups.</p></li><li><p>Add/Delete Groups: Note OS limits on size and nature. 276 276 Linux limit is 16 char, no spaces, and no uppercase chars (<code class="literal">groupadd</code>).</p></li></ul></div></dd><dt><span class="term">Migration Tools</span></dt><dd><p> 277 <a class="indexterm" name="id268 7059"></a>277 <a class="indexterm" name="id2680974"></a> 278 278 Domain Control (NT4-Style) Profiles, Policies, Access Controls, Security 279 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>Samba: <code class="literal">net, rpcclient, smbpasswd, pdbedit, profiles</code></p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Windows: <code class="literal">NT4 Domain User Manager, Server Manager (NEXUS)</code></p></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="migration.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 35. Updating and Upgrading Samba </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 37. SWAT: The Samba Web Administration Tool</td></tr></table></div></body></html>279 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Samba: <code class="literal">net, rpcclient, smbpasswd, pdbedit, profiles</code></p></li><li><p>Windows: <code class="literal">NT4 Domain User Manager, Server Manager (NEXUS)</code></p></li></ul></div></dd></dl></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="upgrading-to-3.0.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="migration.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="SWAT.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 35. Updating and Upgrading Samba </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 37. SWAT: The Samba Web Administration Tool</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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