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r133 r136 1 <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 12. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX</title><link rel="stylesheet" href=" samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.2.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="prev" href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 11. Account Information Databases"><link rel="next" href="NetCommand.html" title="Chapter 13. Remote and Local Management: The Net Command"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 12. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="passdb.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="NetCommand.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="groupmapping"></a>Chapter 12. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jean François</span> <span class="surname">Micouleau</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerald</span> <span class="othername">(Jerry)</span> <span class="surname">Carter</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2616464">Features and Benefits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2616857">Discussion</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2617193">Warning: User Private Group Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2617251">Nested Groups: Adding Windows Domain Groups to Windows Local Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2617827">Important Administrative Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618067">Default Users, Groups, and Relative Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618690">Example Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618767">Configuration Scripts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618779">Sample <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Add Group Script</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618951">Script to Configure Group Mapping</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2619078">Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2619091">Adding Groups Fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2619164">Adding Domain Users to the Workstation Power Users Group</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>2 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6338"></a>3 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6348"></a>4 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6354"></a>5 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6361"></a>6 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6368"></a>7 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6375"></a>1 <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 12. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.73.1"><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.2.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="optional.html" title="Part III. Advanced Configuration"><link rel="prev" href="passdb.html" title="Chapter 11. Account Information Databases"><link rel="next" href="NetCommand.html" title="Chapter 13. Remote and Local Management: The Net Command"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 12. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="passdb.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part III. Advanced Configuration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="NetCommand.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="groupmapping"></a>Chapter 12. Group Mapping: MS Windows and UNIX</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Jean François</span> <span class="surname">Micouleau</span></h3></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Gerald</span> <span class="othername">(Jerry)</span> <span class="surname">Carter</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:jerry@samba.org">jerry@samba.org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2617919">Features and Benefits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618334">Discussion</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618670">Warning: User Private Group Problems</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2618728">Nested Groups: Adding Windows Domain Groups to Windows Local Groups</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2619304">Important Administrative Information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2619545">Default Users, Groups, and Relative Identifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620168">Example Configuration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620244">Configuration Scripts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620256">Sample <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Add Group Script</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620428">Script to Configure Group Mapping</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620555">Common Errors</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620568">Adding Groups Fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="groupmapping.html#id2620655">Adding Domain Users to the Workstation Power Users Group</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p> 2 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617794"></a> 3 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617803"></a> 4 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617809"></a> 5 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617816"></a> 6 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617823"></a> 7 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617830"></a> 8 8 Starting with Samba-3, new group mapping functionality is available to create associations 9 9 between Windows group SIDs and UNIX group GIDs. The <code class="literal">groupmap</code> subcommand 10 10 included with the <span class="application">net</span> tool can be used to manage these associations. 11 11 </p><p> 12 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6400"></a>13 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6407"></a>12 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617855"></a> 13 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617862"></a> 14 14 The new facility for mapping NT groups to UNIX system groups allows the administrator to decide 15 15 which NT domain groups are to be exposed to MS Windows clients. Only those NT groups that map … … 17 17 in group selection lists in tools that access domain users and groups. 18 18 </p><div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p> 19 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6428"></a>20 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6435"></a>19 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617883"></a> 20 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617890"></a> 21 21 The <em class="parameter"><code>domain admin group</code></em> parameter has been removed in Samba-3 and should no longer 22 22 be specified in <code class="filename">smb.conf</code>. In Samba-2.2.x, this parameter was used to give the listed users membership in the 23 23 <code class="constant">Domain Admins</code> Windows group, which gave local admin rights on their workstations 24 24 (in default configurations). 25 </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id261 6464"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div></div><p>25 </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2617919"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div></div><p> 26 26 Samba allows the administrator to create MS Windows NT4/200x group accounts and to 27 27 arbitrarily associate them with UNIX/Linux group accounts. 28 28 </p><p> 29 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6478"></a>30 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6484"></a>31 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6491"></a>32 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6498"></a>33 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6504"></a>34 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6511"></a>35 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6518"></a>29 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617933"></a> 30 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617940"></a> 31 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617946"></a> 32 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617953"></a> 33 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617960"></a> 34 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617966"></a> 35 <a class="indexterm" name="id2617973"></a> 36 36 Group accounts can be managed using the MS Windows NT4 or MS Windows 200x/XP Professional MMC tools. 37 37 Appropriate interface scripts should be provided in <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> if it is desired that UNIX/Linux system … … 39 39 so long as <code class="literal">winbindd</code> is running, Samba group accounts that are created using these 40 40 tools will be allocated UNIX UIDs and GIDs from the ID range specified by the 41 idmap uid/idmap gid41 <a class="link" href="smb.conf.5.html#IDMAPUID">idmap uid</a>/<a class="link" href="smb.conf.5.html#IDMAPGID">idmap gid</a> 42 42 parameters in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file. 43 43 </p><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-sid2gid"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 12.1. IDMAP: Group SID-to-GID Resolution.</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/idmap-sid2gid.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP: Group SID-to-GID Resolution."></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-gid2sid"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 12.2. IDMAP: GID Resolution to Matching SID.</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/idmap-gid2sid.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP: GID Resolution to Matching SID."></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"><p> 44 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6638"></a>45 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6645"></a>46 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6652"></a>47 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6661"></a>44 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618115"></a> 45 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618122"></a> 46 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618129"></a> 47 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618138"></a> 48 48 In both cases, when winbindd is not running, only locally resolvable groups can be recognized. Please refer to 49 49 <a class="link" href="groupmapping.html#idmap-sid2gid" title="Figure 12.1. IDMAP: Group SID-to-GID Resolution.">IDMAP: Group SID-to-GID Resolution</a> and <a class="link" href="groupmapping.html#idmap-gid2sid" title="Figure 12.2. IDMAP: GID Resolution to Matching SID.">IDMAP: GID Resolution to Matching SID</a>. The <code class="literal">net groupmap</code> is … … 51 51 group mappings</a>. 52 52 </p><div class="figure"><a name="idmap-store-gid2sid"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 12.3. IDMAP Storing Group Mappings.</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/idmap-store-gid2sid.png" width="270" alt="IDMAP Storing Group Mappings."></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"><p> 53 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6747"></a>54 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6754"></a>55 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6760"></a>56 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6767"></a>53 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618224"></a> 54 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618231"></a> 55 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618238"></a> 56 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618244"></a> 57 57 Administrators should be aware that where <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> group interface scripts make 58 58 direct calls to the UNIX/Linux system tools (the shadow utilities, <code class="literal">groupadd</code>, … … 63 63 UNIX/Linux group, an attempt that will of course fail. 64 64 </p><p> 65 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6814"></a>66 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6821"></a>65 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618292"></a> 66 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618298"></a> 67 67 There are several possible workarounds for the operating system tools limitation. One 68 68 method is to use a script that generates a name for the UNIX/Linux system group that … … 70 70 back to the calling Samba interface. This will provide a dynamic workaround solution. 71 71 </p><p> 72 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6837"></a>72 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618314"></a> 73 73 Another workaround is to manually create a UNIX/Linux group, then manually create the 74 74 MS Windows NT4/200x group on the Samba server, and then use the <code class="literal">net groupmap</code> 75 75 tool to connect the two to each other. 76 </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id261 6857"></a>Discussion</h2></div></div></div><p>77 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6865"></a>78 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6872"></a>76 </p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2618334"></a>Discussion</h2></div></div></div><p> 77 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618342"></a> 78 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618349"></a> 79 79 When you install <span class="application">MS Windows NT4/200x</span> on a computer, the installation 80 80 program creates default users and groups, notably the <code class="constant">Administrators</code> group, … … 83 83 local machine. 84 84 </p><p> 85 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6897"></a>85 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618374"></a> 86 86 The <code class="constant">Administrator</code> user is a member of the <code class="constant">Administrators</code> group, and thus inherits 87 87 <code class="constant">Administrators</code> group privileges. If a <code class="constant">joe</code> user is created to be a member of the … … 89 89 <code class="constant">Administrator</code>. 90 90 </p><p> 91 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6935"></a>92 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6942"></a>93 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6949"></a>94 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6956"></a>91 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618412"></a> 92 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618419"></a> 93 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618426"></a> 94 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618433"></a> 95 95 When an MS Windows NT4/200x/XP machine is made a domain member, the “<span class="quote">Domain Admins</span>” group of the 96 96 PDC is added to the local <code class="constant">Administrators</code> group of the workstation. Every member of the … … 98 98 logging on the workstation. 99 99 </p><p> 100 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6985"></a>101 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 6992"></a>100 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618462"></a> 101 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618469"></a> 102 102 The following steps describe how to make Samba PDC users members of the <code class="constant">Domain Admins</code> group. 103 103 </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p> 104 104 Create a UNIX group (usually in <code class="filename">/etc/group</code>); let's call it <code class="constant">domadm</code>. 105 105 </p></li><li><p> 106 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7029"></a>106 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618506"></a> 107 107 Add to this group the users that must be “<span class="quote">Administrators</span>”. For example, 108 108 if you want <code class="constant">joe, john</code>, and <code class="constant">mary</code> to be administrators, … … 118 118 </pre><p> 119 119 </p><p> 120 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7096"></a>120 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618574"></a> 121 121 The quotes around “<span class="quote">Domain Admins</span>” are necessary due to the space in the group name. 122 122 Also make sure to leave no white space surrounding the equal character (=). … … 124 124 Now <code class="constant">joe, john</code>, and <code class="constant">mary</code> are domain administrators. 125 125 </p><p> 126 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7125"></a>126 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618603"></a> 127 127 It is possible to map any arbitrary UNIX group to any Windows NT4/200x group as well as 128 128 to make any UNIX group a Windows domain group. For example, if you wanted to include a … … 136 136 the space from being interpreted as a command delimiter. 137 137 </p><p> 138 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7172"></a>139 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7179"></a>138 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618650"></a> 139 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618656"></a> 140 140 Be aware that the RID parameter is an unsigned 32-bit integer that should 141 141 normally start at 1000. However, this RID must not overlap with any RID assigned … … 143 143 you are using. Future versions of the tools may perform the verification automatically, 144 144 but for now the burden is on you. 145 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id261 7193"></a>Warning: User Private Group Problems</h3></div></div></div><p>146 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7202"></a>147 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7208"></a>148 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7215"></a>145 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2618670"></a>Warning: User Private Group Problems</h3></div></div></div><p> 146 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618679"></a> 147 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618686"></a> 148 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618693"></a> 149 149 Windows does not permit user and group accounts to have the same name. 150 150 This has serious implications for all sites that use private group accounts. … … 153 153 of Linux, by default create private groups. 154 154 </p><p> 155 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7232"></a>156 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7239"></a>155 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618709"></a> 156 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618716"></a> 157 157 When mapping a UNIX/Linux group to a Windows group account, all conflict can 158 158 be avoided by assuring that the Windows domain group name does not overlap 159 159 with any user account name. 160 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id261 7251"></a>Nested Groups: Adding Windows Domain Groups to Windows Local Groups</h3></div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2617257"></a><p>161 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7269"></a>160 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2618728"></a>Nested Groups: Adding Windows Domain Groups to Windows Local Groups</h3></div></div></div><a class="indexterm" name="id2618735"></a><p> 161 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618746"></a> 162 162 This functionality is known as <code class="constant">nested groups</code> and was first added to 163 163 Samba-3.0.3. 164 164 </p><p> 165 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7284"></a>165 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618761"></a> 166 166 All MS Windows products since the release of Windows NT 3.10 support the use of nested groups. 167 167 Many Windows network administrators depend on this capability because it greatly simplifies security 168 168 administration. 169 169 </p><p> 170 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7298"></a>171 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7305"></a>172 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7312"></a>173 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7319"></a>174 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7326"></a>175 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7333"></a>176 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7340"></a>170 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618775"></a> 171 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618782"></a> 172 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618789"></a> 173 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618796"></a> 174 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618803"></a> 175 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618810"></a> 176 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618817"></a> 177 177 The nested group architecture was designed with the premise that day-to-day user and group membership 178 178 management should be performed on the domain security database. The application of group security … … 181 181 domain global groups and domain global users. 182 182 </p><p> 183 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7358"></a>184 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7365"></a>185 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7372"></a>183 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618835"></a> 184 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618842"></a> 185 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618849"></a> 186 186 You may ask, What are the benefits of this arrangement? The answer is obvious to those who have plumbed 187 187 the dark depths of Windows networking architecture. Consider for a moment a server on which are stored … … 191 191 Answer: Account Unknown. 192 192 </p><p> 193 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7391"></a>194 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7398"></a>195 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7405"></a>196 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7412"></a>193 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618868"></a> 194 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618875"></a> 195 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618882"></a> 196 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618889"></a> 197 197 Unraveling the file ownership mess is an unenviable administrative task that can be avoided simply 198 198 by using local groups to control all file and directory access control. In this case, only the members … … 202 202 entries for domain global groups in the new domain that the server has been made a member of. 203 203 </p><p> 204 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7435"></a>205 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7442"></a>206 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7449"></a>207 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7456"></a>208 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7463"></a>209 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7470"></a>210 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7477"></a>211 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7484"></a>204 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618912"></a> 205 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618919"></a> 206 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618926"></a> 207 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618934"></a> 208 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618941"></a> 209 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618948"></a> 210 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618954"></a> 211 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618961"></a> 212 212 Another prominent example of the use of nested groups involves implementation of administrative privileges 213 213 on domain member workstations and servers. Administrative privileges are given to all members of the … … 218 218 privileges on each domain member. 219 219 </p><p> 220 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7512"></a>221 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7519"></a>222 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7526"></a>223 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7533"></a>220 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618989"></a> 221 <a class="indexterm" name="id2618996"></a> 222 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619003"></a> 223 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619010"></a> 224 224 UNIX/Linux has no concept of support for nested groups, and thus Samba has for a long time not supported 225 225 them either. The problem is that you would have to enter UNIX groups as auxiliary members of a group in … … 229 229 controller that the Samba server is a member of. 230 230 </p><p> 231 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7563"></a>232 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7570"></a>233 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7577"></a>234 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7584"></a>235 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7591"></a>231 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619040"></a> 232 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619047"></a> 233 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619054"></a> 234 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619061"></a> 235 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619068"></a> 236 236 In effect, Samba supplements the <code class="filename">/etc/group</code> data via the dynamic 237 237 <code class="literal">libnss_winbind</code> mechanism. Beginning with Samba-3.0.3, this facility is used to provide … … 243 243 UNIX/Linux group <code class="constant">demo</code>. 244 244 </p><p> 245 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7637"></a>246 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7644"></a>247 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7651"></a>248 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7657"></a>249 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7664"></a>250 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7671"></a>251 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7678"></a>245 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619114"></a> 246 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619121"></a> 247 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619128"></a> 248 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619135"></a> 249 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619141"></a> 250 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619148"></a> 251 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619155"></a> 252 252 To enable the use of nested groups, <code class="literal">winbindd</code> must be used with NSS winbind. 253 253 Creation and administration of the local groups is done best via the Windows Domain User Manager or its … … 257 257 <code class="prompt">root# </code> net rpc group add demo -L -Uroot%not24get 258 258 </pre><p> 259 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7722"></a>260 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7728"></a>259 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619199"></a> 260 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619206"></a> 261 261 Here the -L switch means that you want to create a local group. It may be necessary to add -S and -U 262 262 switches for accessing the correct host with appropriate user or root privileges. Adding and removing … … 267 267 net rpc group addmem demo "DOM\Domain Users" 268 268 </pre><p> 269 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7768"></a>270 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7775"></a>271 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7782"></a>272 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7789"></a>269 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619245"></a> 270 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619252"></a> 271 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619259"></a> 272 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619266"></a> 273 273 Having completed these two steps, the execution of <code class="literal">getent group demo</code> will show demo 274 274 members of the global <code class="constant">Domain Users</code> group as members of the group … … 278 278 added to the <code class="constant">demo</code> group now have the same local access permissions as local domain 279 279 users have. 280 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id261 7827"></a>Important Administrative Information</h3></div></div></div><p>280 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2619304"></a>Important Administrative Information</h3></div></div></div><p> 281 281 Administrative rights are necessary in two specific forms: 282 282 </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p>For Samba-3 domain controllers and domain member servers/clients.</p></li><li><p>To manage domain member Windows workstations.</p></li></ol></div><p> 283 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7858"></a>284 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7865"></a>285 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7872"></a>283 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619335"></a> 284 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619342"></a> 285 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619349"></a> 286 286 Versions of Samba up to and including 3.0.10 do not provide a means for assigning rights and privileges 287 287 that are necessary for system administration tasks from a Windows domain member client machine, so … … 289 289 managing workstation domain membership accounts, can be handled by any account other than root. 290 290 </p><p> 291 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7889"></a>292 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7896"></a>293 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7903"></a>291 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619366"></a> 292 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619374"></a> 293 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619380"></a> 294 294 Samba-3.0.11 introduced a new privilege management interface (see <a class="link" href="rights.html" title="Chapter 15. User Rights and Privileges">User Rights and Privileges</a>) 295 295 that permits these tasks to be delegated to non-root (i.e., accounts other than the equivalent of the 296 296 MS Windows Administrator) accounts. 297 297 </p><p> 298 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7924"></a>299 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7931"></a>298 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619402"></a> 299 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619408"></a> 300 300 Administrative tasks on a Windows domain member workstation can be done by anyone who is a member of the 301 301 <code class="constant">Domain Admins</code> group. This group can be mapped to any convenient UNIX group. 302 </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id261 7946"></a>Applicable Only to Versions Earlier than 3.0.11</h4></div></div></div><p>303 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7954"></a>302 </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2619423"></a>Applicable Only to Versions Earlier than 3.0.11</h4></div></div></div><p> 303 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619431"></a> 304 304 Administrative tasks on UNIX/Linux systems, such as adding users or groups, requires 305 305 <code class="constant">root</code>-level privilege. The addition of a Windows client to a Samba domain involves the 306 306 addition of a user account for the Windows client. 307 307 </p><p> 308 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7972"></a>309 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7978"></a>308 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619449"></a> 309 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619456"></a> 310 310 Many UNIX administrators continue to request that the Samba Team make it possible to add Windows workstations, or 311 311 the ability to add, delete, or modify user accounts, without requiring <code class="constant">root</code> privileges. 312 312 Such a request violates every understanding of basic UNIX system security. 313 313 </p><p> 314 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 7997"></a>315 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8004"></a>316 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8010"></a>317 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8018"></a>318 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8024"></a>319 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8032"></a>314 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619474"></a> 315 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619481"></a> 316 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619488"></a> 317 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619495"></a> 318 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619502"></a> 319 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619509"></a> 320 320 There is no safe way to provide access on a UNIX/Linux system without providing 321 321 <code class="constant">root</code>-level privileges. Provision of <code class="constant">root</code> privileges can be done … … 325 325 accounts as well as domain member server and client accounts. This level of privilege is also needed to manage 326 326 share-level ACLs. 327 </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id261 8067"></a>Default Users, Groups, and Relative Identifiers</h3></div></div></div><p>328 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8076"></a>329 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8085"></a>330 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8091"></a>331 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8098"></a>332 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8105"></a>333 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8112"></a>334 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8119"></a>335 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8126"></a>327 </p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2619545"></a>Default Users, Groups, and Relative Identifiers</h3></div></div></div><p> 328 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619553"></a> 329 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619562"></a> 330 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619569"></a> 331 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619576"></a> 332 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619582"></a> 333 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619589"></a> 334 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619596"></a> 335 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619603"></a> 336 336 When first installed, Windows NT4/200x/XP are preconfigured with certain user, group, and 337 337 alias entities. Each has a well-known RID. These must be preserved for continued … … 341 341 (provision) the default NT groups. 342 342 </p><p> 343 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8148"></a>344 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8155"></a>345 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8162"></a>346 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8168"></a>343 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619625"></a> 344 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619632"></a> 345 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619639"></a> 346 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619646"></a> 347 347 Each essential domain group must be assigned its respective well-known RID. The default users, groups, 348 348 aliases, and RIDs are shown in <a class="link" href="groupmapping.html#WKURIDS" title="Table 12.1. Well-Known User Default RIDs">Well-Known User Default RIDs</a>. 349 349 </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p> 350 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8190"></a>351 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8197"></a>352 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8203"></a>353 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8210"></a>354 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8217"></a>350 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619667"></a> 351 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619674"></a> 352 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619681"></a> 353 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619687"></a> 354 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619694"></a> 355 355 It is the administrator's responsibility to create the essential domain groups and to assign each 356 356 its default RID. 357 357 </p></div><p> 358 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8229"></a>359 <a class="indexterm" name="id261 8236"></a>358 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619706"></a> 359 <a class="indexterm" name="id2619713"></a> 360 360 It is permissible to create any domain group that may be necessary; just make certain that the essential 361 361 domain groups (well known) have been created and assigned their default RIDs. Other groups you create may … … 366 366 </p><p> 367 367 </p><div class="table"><a name="WKURIDS"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 12.1. Well-Known User Default RIDs</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table summary="Well-Known User Default RIDs" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"><col align="left"><col align="left"><col align="center"></colgroup><thead><tr><th align="left">Well-Known Entity</th><th align="left">RID</th><th align="left">Type</th><th align="center">Essential</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left">Domain Administrator</td><td align="left">500</td><td align="left">User</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Guest</td><td align="left">501</td><td align="left">User</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain KRBTGT</td><td align="left">502</td><td align="left">User</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Admins</td><td align="left">512</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Users</td><td align="left">513</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Guests</td><td align="left">514</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">Yes</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Computers</td><td align="left">515</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Controllers</td><td align="left">516</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Certificate Admins</td><td align="left">517</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Schema Admins</td><td align="left">518</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Enterprise Admins</td><td align="left">519</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Domain Policy Admins</td><td align="left">520</td><td align="left">Group</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Admins</td><td align="left">544</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin users</td><td align="left">545</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Guests</td><td align="left">546</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Power Users</td><td align="left">547</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Account Operators</td><td align="left">548</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin System Operators</td><td align="left">549</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Print Operators</td><td align="left">550</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Backup Operators</td><td align="left">551</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin Replicator</td><td align="left">552</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Builtin RAS Servers</td><td align="left">553</td><td align="left">Alias</td><td align="center">No</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><br class="table-break"> 368 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id26 18690"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>369 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18698"></a>368 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2620168"></a>Example Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p> 369 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620176"></a> 370 370 You can list the various groups in the mapping database by executing 371 371 <code class="literal">net groupmap list</code>. Here is an example: 372 372 </p><p> 373 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18721"></a>373 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620198"></a> 374 374 </p><pre class="screen"> 375 375 <code class="prompt">root# </code> <strong class="userinput"><code>net groupmap list</code></strong> … … 380 380 </p><p> 381 381 For complete details on <code class="literal">net groupmap</code>, refer to the net(8) man page. 382 </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id26 18767"></a>Configuration Scripts</h2></div></div></div><p>382 </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2620244"></a>Configuration Scripts</h2></div></div></div><p> 383 383 Everyone needs tools. Some of us like to create our own, others prefer to use canned tools 384 384 (i.e., prepared by someone else for general use). 385 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id26 18779"></a>Sample <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Add Group Script</h3></div></div></div><p>386 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18793"></a>387 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18800"></a>388 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18807"></a>389 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18814"></a>390 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18820"></a>385 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2620256"></a>Sample <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> Add Group Script</h3></div></div></div><p> 386 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620270"></a> 387 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620277"></a> 388 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620284"></a> 389 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620291"></a> 390 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620298"></a> 391 391 A script to create complying group names for use by the Samba group interfaces 392 392 is provided in <a class="link" href="groupmapping.html#smbgrpadd.sh" title="Example 12.1. smbgrpadd.sh">smbgrpadd.sh</a>. This script … … 416 416 <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> for the add group Script</a> demonstrates how it may be used. 417 417 418 </p><div class="example"><a name="smbgrpadd"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.2. Configuration of <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> for the add group Script</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id26 18935"></a><em class="parameter"><code>add group script = /path_to_tool/smbgrpadd.sh "%g"</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><p><br class="example-break">419 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id26 18951"></a>Script to Configure Group Mapping</h3></div></div></div><p>420 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 18959"></a>418 </p><div class="example"><a name="smbgrpadd"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.2. Configuration of <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> for the add group Script</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2620412"></a><em class="parameter"><code>add group script = /path_to_tool/smbgrpadd.sh "%g"</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><p><br class="example-break"> 419 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2620428"></a>Script to Configure Group Mapping</h3></div></div></div><p> 420 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620436"></a> 421 421 In our example we have created a UNIX/Linux group called <code class="literal">ntadmin</code>. 422 422 Our script will create the additional groups <code class="literal">Orks</code>, <code class="literal">Elves</code>, and <code class="literal">Gnomes</code>. … … 424 424 For the sake of convenience we elect to save this script as a file called <code class="filename">initGroups.sh</code>. 425 425 This script is given in <a class="link" href="groupmapping.html#set-group-map" title="Example 12.3. Script to Set Group Mapping">intGroups.sh</a>. 426 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 19009"></a>426 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620486"></a> 427 427 </p><div class="example"><a name="set-group-map"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 12.3. Script to Set Group Mapping</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="programlisting"> 428 428 #!/bin/bash … … 451 451 must now be manually and explicitly created and mapped to a valid UNIX GID by the Samba 452 452 administrator. 453 </p></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id26 19078"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div></div><p>453 </p></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2620555"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div></div><p> 454 454 At this time there are many little surprises for the unwary administrator. In a real sense 455 455 it is imperative that every step of automated control scripts be carefully tested 456 456 manually before putting it into active service. 457 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id26 19091"></a>Adding Groups Fails</h3></div></div></div><p>458 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 19098"></a>457 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2620568"></a>Adding Groups Fails</h3></div></div></div><p> 458 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620576"></a> 459 459 This is a common problem when the <code class="literal">groupadd</code> is called directly 460 by the Samba interface script for the add group scriptin460 by the Samba interface script for the <a class="link" href="smb.conf.5.html#ADDGROUPSCRIPT">add group script</a> in 461 461 the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file. 462 462 </p><p> 463 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 19123"></a>464 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 19130"></a>463 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620613"></a> 464 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620620"></a> 465 465 The most common cause of failure is an attempt to add an MS Windows group account 466 466 that has an uppercase character and/or a space character in it. 467 467 </p><p> 468 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 19142"></a>468 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620633"></a> 469 469 There are three possible workarounds. First, use only group names that comply 470 470 with the limitations of the UNIX/Linux <code class="literal">groupadd</code> system tool. … … 473 473 for the MS Windows group name, then use the procedure listed above to map that group 474 474 to the MS Windows group. 475 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id26 19164"></a>Adding Domain Users to the Workstation Power Users Group</h3></div></div></div><p>“<span class="quote">475 </p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2620655"></a>Adding Domain Users to the Workstation Power Users Group</h3></div></div></div><p>“<span class="quote"> 476 476 What must I do to add domain users to the Power Users group? 477 477 </span>”</p><p> 478 <a class="indexterm" name="id26 19178"></a>478 <a class="indexterm" name="id2620669"></a> 479 479 The Power Users group is a group that is local to each Windows 200x/XP Professional workstation. 480 480 You cannot add the Domain Users group to the Power Users group automatically, it must be done on
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