Changeset 501 for vendor/gnumake/current/doc/make.info-2

Timestamp:

Sep 15, 2006, 4:30:32 AM (19 years ago)

Author:

bird

Message:

Load make-3.81/ into vendor/gnumake/current.

File:

• vendor/gnumake/current/doc/make.info-2 (modified) (72 diffs)

vendor/gnumake/current/doc/make.info-2

@@ -1 @@
-This is make.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.6 from make.texi.
+This is make.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.8 from make.texi.
+
+   This file documents the GNU `make' utility, which determines
+automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled,
+and issues the commands to recompile them.
+
+   This is Edition 0.70, last updated 1 April 2006, of `The GNU Make
+Manual', for GNU `make' version 3.81.
+
+   Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
+1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.
+
+     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
+     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
+     Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
+     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
+     being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
+     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
+     "GNU Free Documentation License."
+
+     (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You have freedom to copy and
+     modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by
+     the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development."
 
 INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU Packages
@@ -6 +29 @@
 END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
 
-   This file documents the GNU Make utility, which determines
-automatically which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled,
-and issues the commands to recompile them.
-
-   This is Edition 0.61, last updated 02 May 2003, of `The GNU Make
-Manual', for `make', Version 3.81.
-
-   Copyright 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,
-1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
-Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
-Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
-Free Documentation License".
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Pattern Rules,  Next: Last Resort,  Prev: Chained Rules,  Up: Implicit Rules
+
+10.5 Defining and Redefining Pattern Rules
+==========================================
+
+You define an implicit rule by writing a "pattern rule".  A pattern
+rule looks like an ordinary rule, except that its target contains the
+character `%' (exactly one of them).  The target is considered a
+pattern for matching file names; the `%' can match any nonempty
+substring, while other characters match only themselves.  The
+prerequisites likewise use `%' to show how their names relate to the
+target name.
+
+   Thus, a pattern rule `%.o : %.c' says how to make any file `STEM.o'
+from another file `STEM.c'.
+
+   Note that expansion using `%' in pattern rules occurs *after* any
+variable or function expansions, which take place when the makefile is
+read.  *Note How to Use Variables: Using Variables, and *Note Functions
+for Transforming Text: Functions.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Pattern Intro::               An introduction to pattern rules.
+* Pattern Examples::            Examples of pattern rules.
+* Automatic Variables::         How to use automatic variables in the
+                                  commands of implicit rules.
+* Pattern Match::               How patterns match.
+* Match-Anything Rules::        Precautions you should take prior to
+                                  defining rules that can match any
+                                  target file whatever.
+* Canceling Rules::             How to override or cancel built-in rules.
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Pattern Intro,  Next: Pattern Examples,  Prev: Pattern Rules,  Up: Pattern Rules
+
+10.5.1 Introduction to Pattern Rules
+------------------------------------
+
+A pattern rule contains the character `%' (exactly one of them) in the
+target; otherwise, it looks exactly like an ordinary rule.  The target
+is a pattern for matching file names; the `%' matches any nonempty
+substring, while other characters match only themselves.  
+
+   For example, `%.c' as a pattern matches any file name that ends in
+`.c'.  `s.%.c' as a pattern matches any file name that starts with
+`s.', ends in `.c' and is at least five characters long.  (There must
+be at least one character to match the `%'.)  The substring that the
+`%' matches is called the "stem".
+
+   `%' in a prerequisite of a pattern rule stands for the same stem
+that was matched by the `%' in the target.  In order for the pattern
+rule to apply, its target pattern must match the file name under
+consideration and all of its prerequisites (after pattern substitution)
+must name files that exist or can be made.  These files become
+prerequisites of the target.  
+
+   Thus, a rule of the form
+
+     %.o : %.c ; COMMAND...
+
+specifies how to make a file `N.o', with another file `N.c' as its
+prerequisite, provided that `N.c' exists or can be made.
+
+   There may also be prerequisites that do not use `%'; such a
+prerequisite attaches to every file made by this pattern rule.  These
+unvarying prerequisites are useful occasionally.
+
+   A pattern rule need not have any prerequisites that contain `%', or
+in fact any prerequisites at all.  Such a rule is effectively a general
+wildcard.  It provides a way to make any file that matches the target
+pattern.  *Note Last Resort::.
+
+   Pattern rules may have more than one target.  Unlike normal rules,
+this does not act as many different rules with the same prerequisites
+and commands.  If a pattern rule has multiple targets, `make' knows that
+the rule's commands are responsible for making all of the targets.  The
+commands are executed only once to make all the targets.  When searching
+for a pattern rule to match a target, the target patterns of a rule
+other than the one that matches the target in need of a rule are
+incidental: `make' worries only about giving commands and prerequisites
+to the file presently in question.  However, when this file's commands
+are run, the other targets are marked as having been updated themselves.  
+
+   The order in which pattern rules appear in the makefile is important
+since this is the order in which they are considered.  Of equally
+applicable rules, only the first one found is used.  The rules you
+write take precedence over those that are built in.  Note however, that
+a rule whose prerequisites actually exist or are mentioned always takes
+priority over a rule with prerequisites that must be made by chaining
+other implicit rules.  
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Pattern Examples,  Next: Automatic Variables,  Prev: Pattern Intro,  Up: Pattern Rules
+
+10.5.2 Pattern Rule Examples
+----------------------------
+
+Here are some examples of pattern rules actually predefined in `make'.
+First, the rule that compiles `.c' files into `.o' files:
+
+     %.o : %.c
+             $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+defines a rule that can make any file `X.o' from `X.c'.  The command
+uses the automatic variables `$@' and `$<' to substitute the names of
+the target file and the source file in each case where the rule applies
+(*note Automatic Variables::).
+
+   Here is a second built-in rule:
+
+     % :: RCS/%,v
+             $(CO) $(COFLAGS) $<
+
+defines a rule that can make any file `X' whatsoever from a
+corresponding file `X,v' in the subdirectory `RCS'.  Since the target
+is `%', this rule will apply to any file whatever, provided the
+appropriate prerequisite file exists.  The double colon makes the rule
+"terminal", which means that its prerequisite may not be an intermediate
+file (*note Match-Anything Pattern Rules: Match-Anything Rules.).
+
+   This pattern rule has two targets:
+
+     %.tab.c %.tab.h: %.y
+             bison -d $<
+
+This tells `make' that the command `bison -d X.y' will make both
+`X.tab.c' and `X.tab.h'.  If the file `foo' depends on the files
+`parse.tab.o' and `scan.o' and the file `scan.o' depends on the file
+`parse.tab.h', when `parse.y' is changed, the command `bison -d parse.y'
+will be executed only once, and the prerequisites of both `parse.tab.o'
+and `scan.o' will be satisfied.  (Presumably the file `parse.tab.o'
+will be recompiled from `parse.tab.c' and the file `scan.o' from
+`scan.c', while `foo' is linked from `parse.tab.o', `scan.o', and its
+other prerequisites, and it will execute happily ever after.)
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Automatic Variables,  Next: Pattern Match,  Prev: Pattern Examples,  Up: Pattern Rules
+
+10.5.3 Automatic Variables
+--------------------------
+
+Suppose you are writing a pattern rule to compile a `.c' file into a
+`.o' file: how do you write the `cc' command so that it operates on the
+right source file name?  You cannot write the name in the command,
+because the name is different each time the implicit rule is applied.
+
+   What you do is use a special feature of `make', the "automatic
+variables".  These variables have values computed afresh for each rule
+that is executed, based on the target and prerequisites of the rule.
+In this example, you would use `$@' for the object file name and `$<'
+for the source file name.
+
+   It's very important that you recognize the limited scope in which
+automatic variable values are available: they only have values within
+the command script.  In particular, you cannot use them anywhere within
+the target list of a rule; they have no value there and will expand to
+the empty string.  Also, they cannot be accessed directly within the
+prerequisite list of a rule.  A common mistake is attempting to use
+`$@' within the prerequisites list; this will not work.  However, there
+is a special feature of GNU `make', secondary expansion (*note
+Secondary Expansion::), which will allow automatic variable values to
+be used in prerequisite lists.
+
+   Here is a table of automatic variables:
+
+`$@'
+     The file name of the target of the rule.  If the target is an
+     archive member, then `$@' is the name of the archive file.  In a
+     pattern rule that has multiple targets (*note Introduction to
+     Pattern Rules: Pattern Intro.), `$@' is the name of whichever
+     target caused the rule's commands to be run.
+
+`$%'
+     The target member name, when the target is an archive member.
+     *Note Archives::.  For example, if the target is `foo.a(bar.o)'
+     then `$%' is `bar.o' and `$@' is `foo.a'.  `$%' is empty when the
+     target is not an archive member.
+
+`$<'
+     The name of the first prerequisite.  If the target got its
+     commands from an implicit rule, this will be the first
+     prerequisite added by the implicit rule (*note Implicit Rules::).
+
+`$?'
+     The names of all the prerequisites that are newer than the target,
+     with spaces between them.  For prerequisites which are archive
+     members, only the member named is used (*note Archives::).  
+
+`$^'
+     The names of all the prerequisites, with spaces between them.  For
+     prerequisites which are archive members, only the member named is
+     used (*note Archives::).  A target has only one prerequisite on
+     each other file it depends on, no matter how many times each file
+     is listed as a prerequisite.  So if you list a prerequisite more
+     than once for a target, the value of `$^' contains just one copy
+     of the name.  This list does *not* contain any of the order-only
+     prerequisites; for those see the `$|' variable, below.  
+
+`$+'
+     This is like `$^', but prerequisites listed more than once are
+     duplicated in the order they were listed in the makefile.  This is
+     primarily useful for use in linking commands where it is
+     meaningful to repeat library file names in a particular order.
+
+`$|'
+     The names of all the order-only prerequisites, with spaces between
+     them.
+
+`$*'
+     The stem with which an implicit rule matches (*note How Patterns
+     Match: Pattern Match.).  If the target is `dir/a.foo.b' and the
+     target pattern is `a.%.b' then the stem is `dir/foo'.  The stem is
+     useful for constructing names of related files.  
+
+     In a static pattern rule, the stem is part of the file name that
+     matched the `%' in the target pattern.
+
+     In an explicit rule, there is no stem; so `$*' cannot be determined
+     in that way.  Instead, if the target name ends with a recognized
+     suffix (*note Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules: Suffix Rules.), `$*' is
+     set to the target name minus the suffix.  For example, if the
+     target name is `foo.c', then `$*' is set to `foo', since `.c' is a
+     suffix.  GNU `make' does this bizarre thing only for compatibility
+     with other implementations of `make'.  You should generally avoid
+     using `$*' except in implicit rules or static pattern rules.
+
+     If the target name in an explicit rule does not end with a
+     recognized suffix, `$*' is set to the empty string for that rule.
+
+   `$?' is useful even in explicit rules when you wish to operate on
+only the prerequisites that have changed.  For example, suppose that an
+archive named `lib' is supposed to contain copies of several object
+files.  This rule copies just the changed object files into the archive:
+
+     lib: foo.o bar.o lose.o win.o
+             ar r lib $?
+
+   Of the variables listed above, four have values that are single file
+names, and three have values that are lists of file names.  These seven
+have variants that get just the file's directory name or just the file
+name within the directory.  The variant variables' names are formed by
+appending `D' or `F', respectively.  These variants are semi-obsolete
+in GNU `make' since the functions `dir' and `notdir' can be used to get
+a similar effect (*note Functions for File Names: File Name
+Functions.).  Note, however, that the `D' variants all omit the
+trailing slash which always appears in the output of the `dir'
+function.  Here is a table of the variants:
+
+`$(@D)'
+     The directory part of the file name of the target, with the
+     trailing slash removed.  If the value of `$@' is `dir/foo.o' then
+     `$(@D)' is `dir'.  This value is `.' if `$@' does not contain a
+     slash.
+
+`$(@F)'
+     The file-within-directory part of the file name of the target.  If
+     the value of `$@' is `dir/foo.o' then `$(@F)' is `foo.o'.  `$(@F)'
+     is equivalent to `$(notdir $@)'.
+
+`$(*D)'
+`$(*F)'
+     The directory part and the file-within-directory part of the stem;
+     `dir' and `foo' in this example.
+
+`$(%D)'
+`$(%F)'
+     The directory part and the file-within-directory part of the target
+     archive member name.  This makes sense only for archive member
+     targets of the form `ARCHIVE(MEMBER)' and is useful only when
+     MEMBER may contain a directory name.  (*Note Archive Members as
+     Targets: Archive Members.)
+
+`$(<D)'
+`$(<F)'
+     The directory part and the file-within-directory part of the first
+     prerequisite.
+
+`$(^D)'
+`$(^F)'
+     Lists of the directory parts and the file-within-directory parts
+     of all prerequisites.
+
+`$(+D)'
+`$(+F)'
+     Lists of the directory parts and the file-within-directory parts
+     of all prerequisites, including multiple instances of duplicated
+     prerequisites.
+
+`$(?D)'
+`$(?F)'
+     Lists of the directory parts and the file-within-directory parts of
+     all prerequisites that are newer than the target.
+
+   Note that we use a special stylistic convention when we talk about
+these automatic variables; we write "the value of `$<'", rather than
+"the variable `<'" as we would write for ordinary variables such as
+`objects' and `CFLAGS'.  We think this convention looks more natural in
+this special case.  Please do not assume it has a deep significance;
+`$<' refers to the variable named `<' just as `$(CFLAGS)' refers to the
+variable named `CFLAGS'.  You could just as well use `$(<)' in place of
+`$<'.
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Pattern Match,  Next: Match-Anything Rules,  Prev: Automatic Variables,  Up: Pattern Rules
+
+10.5.4 How Patterns Match
+-------------------------
+
+A target pattern is composed of a `%' between a prefix and a suffix,
+either or both of which may be empty.  The pattern matches a file name
+only if the file name starts with the prefix and ends with the suffix,
+without overlap.  The text between the prefix and the suffix is called
+the "stem".  Thus, when the pattern `%.o' matches the file name
+`test.o', the stem is `test'.  The pattern rule prerequisites are
+turned into actual file names by substituting the stem for the character
+`%'.  Thus, if in the same example one of the prerequisites is written
+as `%.c', it expands to `test.c'.
+
+   When the target pattern does not contain a slash (and it usually does
+not), directory names in the file names are removed from the file name
+before it is compared with the target prefix and suffix.  After the
+comparison of the file name to the target pattern, the directory names,
+along with the slash that ends them, are added on to the prerequisite
+file names generated from the pattern rule's prerequisite patterns and
+the file name.  The directories are ignored only for the purpose of
+finding an implicit rule to use, not in the application of that rule.
+Thus, `e%t' matches the file name `src/eat', with `src/a' as the stem.
+When prerequisites are turned into file names, the directories from the
+stem are added at the front, while the rest of the stem is substituted
+for the `%'.  The stem `src/a' with a prerequisite pattern `c%r' gives
+the file name `src/car'.
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Match-Anything Rules,  Next: Canceling Rules,  Prev: Pattern Match,  Up: Pattern Rules
+
+10.5.5 Match-Anything Pattern Rules
+-----------------------------------
+
+When a pattern rule's target is just `%', it matches any file name
+whatever.  We call these rules "match-anything" rules.  They are very
+useful, but it can take a lot of time for `make' to think about them,
+because it must consider every such rule for each file name listed
+either as a target or as a prerequisite.
+
+   Suppose the makefile mentions `foo.c'.  For this target, `make'
+would have to consider making it by linking an object file `foo.c.o',
+or by C compilation-and-linking in one step from `foo.c.c', or by
+Pascal compilation-and-linking from `foo.c.p', and many other
+possibilities.
+
+   We know these possibilities are ridiculous since `foo.c' is a C
+source file, not an executable.  If `make' did consider these
+possibilities, it would ultimately reject them, because files such as
+`foo.c.o' and `foo.c.p' would not exist.  But these possibilities are so
+numerous that `make' would run very slowly if it had to consider them.
+
+   To gain speed, we have put various constraints on the way `make'
+considers match-anything rules.  There are two different constraints
+that can be applied, and each time you define a match-anything rule you
+must choose one or the other for that rule.
+
+   One choice is to mark the match-anything rule as "terminal" by
+defining it with a double colon.  When a rule is terminal, it does not
+apply unless its prerequisites actually exist.  Prerequisites that
+could be made with other implicit rules are not good enough.  In other
+words, no further chaining is allowed beyond a terminal rule.
+
+   For example, the built-in implicit rules for extracting sources from
+RCS and SCCS files are terminal; as a result, if the file `foo.c,v' does
+not exist, `make' will not even consider trying to make it as an
+intermediate file from `foo.c,v.o' or from `RCS/SCCS/s.foo.c,v'.  RCS
+and SCCS files are generally ultimate source files, which should not be
+remade from any other files; therefore, `make' can save time by not
+looking for ways to remake them.
+
+   If you do not mark the match-anything rule as terminal, then it is
+nonterminal.  A nonterminal match-anything rule cannot apply to a file
+name that indicates a specific type of data.  A file name indicates a
+specific type of data if some non-match-anything implicit rule target
+matches it.
+
+   For example, the file name `foo.c' matches the target for the pattern
+rule `%.c : %.y' (the rule to run Yacc).  Regardless of whether this
+rule is actually applicable (which happens only if there is a file
+`foo.y'), the fact that its target matches is enough to prevent
+consideration of any nonterminal match-anything rules for the file
+`foo.c'.  Thus, `make' will not even consider trying to make `foo.c' as
+an executable file from `foo.c.o', `foo.c.c', `foo.c.p', etc.
+
+   The motivation for this constraint is that nonterminal match-anything
+rules are used for making files containing specific types of data (such
+as executable files) and a file name with a recognized suffix indicates
+some other specific type of data (such as a C source file).
+
+   Special built-in dummy pattern rules are provided solely to recognize
+certain file names so that nonterminal match-anything rules will not be
+considered.  These dummy rules have no prerequisites and no commands,
+and they are ignored for all other purposes.  For example, the built-in
+implicit rule
+
+     %.p :
+
+exists to make sure that Pascal source files such as `foo.p' match a
+specific target pattern and thereby prevent time from being wasted
+looking for `foo.p.o' or `foo.p.c'.
+
+   Dummy pattern rules such as the one for `%.p' are made for every
+suffix listed as valid for use in suffix rules (*note Old-Fashioned
+Suffix Rules: Suffix Rules.).
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Canceling Rules,  Prev: Match-Anything Rules,  Up: Pattern Rules
+
+10.5.6 Canceling Implicit Rules
+-------------------------------
+
+You can override a built-in implicit rule (or one you have defined
+yourself) by defining a new pattern rule with the same target and
+prerequisites, but different commands.  When the new rule is defined,
+the built-in one is replaced.  The new rule's position in the sequence
+of implicit rules is determined by where you write the new rule.
+
+   You can cancel a built-in implicit rule by defining a pattern rule
+with the same target and prerequisites, but no commands.  For example,
+the following would cancel the rule that runs the assembler:
+
+     %.o : %.s
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Last Resort,  Next: Suffix Rules,  Prev: Pattern Rules,  Up: Implicit Rules
+
+10.6 Defining Last-Resort Default Rules
+=======================================
+
+You can define a last-resort implicit rule by writing a terminal
+match-anything pattern rule with no prerequisites (*note Match-Anything
+Rules::).  This is just like any other pattern rule; the only thing
+special about it is that it will match any target.  So such a rule's
+commands are used for all targets and prerequisites that have no
+commands of their own and for which no other implicit rule applies.
+
+   For example, when testing a makefile, you might not care if the
+source files contain real data, only that they exist.  Then you might
+do this:
+
+     %::
+             touch $@
+
+to cause all the source files needed (as prerequisites) to be created
+automatically.
+
+   You can instead define commands to be used for targets for which
+there are no rules at all, even ones which don't specify commands.  You
+do this by writing a rule for the target `.DEFAULT'.  Such a rule's
+commands are used for all prerequisites which do not appear as targets
+in any explicit rule, and for which no implicit rule applies.
+Naturally, there is no `.DEFAULT' rule unless you write one.
+
+   If you use `.DEFAULT' with no commands or prerequisites:
+
+     .DEFAULT:
+
+the commands previously stored for `.DEFAULT' are cleared.  Then `make'
+acts as if you had never defined `.DEFAULT' at all.
+
+   If you do not want a target to get the commands from a match-anything
+pattern rule or `.DEFAULT', but you also do not want any commands to be
+run for the target, you can give it empty commands (*note Defining
+Empty Commands: Empty Commands.).
+
+   You can use a last-resort rule to override part of another makefile.
+*Note Overriding Part of Another Makefile: Overriding Makefiles.
+
+
+File: make.info,  Node: Suffix Rules,  Next: Implicit Rule Search,  Prev: Last Resort,  Up: Implicit Rules
+
+10.7 Old-Fashioned Suffix Rules
+===============================
+
+"Suffix rules" are the old-fashioned way of defining implicit rules for
+`make'.  Suffix rules are obsolete because pattern rules are more
+general and clearer.  They are supported in GNU `make' for
+compatibility with old makefiles.  They come in two kinds:
+"double-suffix" and "single-suffix".
+
+   A double-suffix rule is defined by a pair of suffixes: the target
+suffix and the source suffix.  It matches any file whose name ends with
+the target suffix.  The corresponding implicit prerequisite is made by
+replacing the target suffix with the source suffix in the file name.  A
+two-suffix rule whose target and source suffixes are `.o' and `.c' is
+equivalent to the pattern rule `%.o : %.c'.
+
+   A single-suffix rule is defined by a single suffix, which is the
+source suffix.  It matches any file name, and the corresponding implicit
+prerequisite name is made by appending the source suffix.  A
+single-suffix rule whose source suffix is `.c' is equivalent to the
+pattern rule `% : %.c'.
+
+   Suffix rule definitions are recognized by comparing each rule's
+target against a defined list of known suffixes.  When `make' sees a
+rule whose target is a known suffix, this rule is considered a
+single-suffix rule.  When `make' sees a rule whose target is two known
+suffixes concatenated, this rule is taken as a double-suffix rule.
+
+   For example, `.c' and `.o' are both on the default list of known
+suffixes.  Therefore, if you define a rule whose target is `.c.o',
+`make' takes it to be a double-suffix rule with source suffix `.c' and
+target suffix `.o'.  Here is the old-fashioned way to define the rule
+for compiling a C source file:
+
+     .c.o:
+             $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+
+   Suffix rules cannot have any prerequisites of their own.  If they
+have any, they are treated as normal files with funny names, not as
+suffix rules.  Thus, the rule:
+
+     .c.o: foo.h
+             $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+
+tells how to make the file `.c.o' from the prerequisite file `foo.h',
+and is not at all like the pattern rule:
+
+     %.o: %.c foo.h
+             $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+
+which tells how to make `.o' files from `.c' files, and makes all `.o'
+files using this pattern rule also depend on `foo.h'.
+
+   Suffix rules with no commands are also meaningless.  They do not
+remove previous rules as do pattern rules with no commands (*note
+Canceling Implicit Rules: Canceling Rules.).  They simply enter the
+suffix or pair of suffixes concatenated as a target in the data base.
+
+   The known suffixes are simply the names of the prerequisites of the
+special target `.SUFFIXES'.  You can add your own suffixes by writing a
+rule for `.SUFFIXES' that adds more prerequisites, as in:
+
+     .SUFFIXES: .hack .win
+
+which adds `.hack' and `.win' to the end of the list of suffixes.
+
+   If you wish to eliminate the default known suffixes instead of just
+adding to them, write a rule for `.SUFFIXES' with no prerequisites.  By
+special dispensation, this eliminates all existing prerequisites of
+`.SUFFIXES'.  You can then write another rule to add the suffixes you
+want.  For example,
+
+     .SUFFIXES:            # Delete the default suffixes
+     .SUFFIXES: .c .o .h   # Define our suffix list
+
+   The `-r' or `--no-builtin-rules' flag causes the default list of
+suffixes to be empty.
+
+   The variable `SUFFIXES' is defined to the default list of suffixes
+before `make' reads any makefiles.  You can change the list of suffixes
+with a rule for the special target `.SUFFIXES', but that does not alter
+this variable.
 
 
 File: make.info,  Node: Implicit Rule Search,  Prev: Suffix Rules,  Up: Implicit Rules
 
-Implicit Rule Search Algorithm
-==============================
+10.8 Implicit Rule Search Algorithm
+===================================
 
 Here is the procedure `make' uses for searching for an implicit rule
@@ -109 +676 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Archives,  Next: Features,  Prev: Implicit Rules,  Up: Top
 
-Using `make' to Update Archive Files
-************************************
+11 Using `make' to Update Archive Files
+***************************************
 
 "Archive files" are files containing named subfiles called "members";
@@ -127 +694 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Archive Members,  Next: Archive Update,  Prev: Archives,  Up: Archives
 
-Archive Members as Targets
-==========================
+11.1 Archive Members as Targets
+===============================
 
 An individual member of an archive file can be used as a target or
@@ -148 +715 @@
 
    In fact, nearly all archive member targets are updated in just this
-way and there is an implicit rule to do it for you.  *Note:* The `c'
-flag to `ar' is required if the archive file does not already exist.
+way and there is an implicit rule to do it for you.  *Please note:* The
+`c' flag to `ar' is required if the archive file does not already exist.
 
    To specify several members in the same archive, you can write all the
@@ -169 +736 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Archive Update,  Next: Archive Pitfalls,  Prev: Archive Members,  Up: Archives
 
-Implicit Rule for Archive Member Targets
-========================================
+11.2 Implicit Rule for Archive Member Targets
+=============================================
 
 Recall that a target that looks like `A(M)' stands for the member named
@@ -219 +786 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Archive Symbols,  Prev: Archive Update,  Up: Archive Update
 
-Updating Archive Symbol Directories
------------------------------------
+11.2.1 Updating Archive Symbol Directories
+------------------------------------------
 
 An archive file that is used as a library usually contains a special
@@ -250 +817 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Archive Pitfalls,  Next: Archive Suffix Rules,  Prev: Archive Update,  Up: Archives
 
-Dangers When Using Archives
-===========================
+11.3 Dangers When Using Archives
+================================
 
 It is important to be careful when using parallel execution (the `-j'
@@ -266 +833 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Archive Suffix Rules,  Prev: Archive Pitfalls,  Up: Archives
 
-Suffix Rules for Archive Files
-==============================
+11.4 Suffix Rules for Archive Files
+===================================
 
 You can write a special kind of suffix rule for dealing with archive
@@ -305 +872 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Features,  Next: Missing,  Prev: Archives,  Up: Top
 
-Features of GNU `make'
-**********************
+12 Features of GNU `make'
+*************************
 
 Here is a summary of the features of GNU `make', for comparison with
@@ -499 +1066 @@
 
    * The built-in variable `MAKE_VERSION' gives the version number of
-     `make'.
+     `make'.  
 
 
 File: make.info,  Node: Missing,  Next: Makefile Conventions,  Prev: Features,  Up: Top
 
-Incompatibilities and Missing Features
-**************************************
+13 Incompatibilities and Missing Features
+*****************************************
 
 The `make' programs in various other systems support a few features
@@ -545 +1112 @@
      imagine what went on in the minds of Unix `make' developers to do
      this; it is utterly inconsistent with the normal definition of
-     `$*'.
+     `$*'.  
 
    * In some Unix `make's, implicit rule search (*note Using Implicit
@@ -589 +1156 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Makefile Conventions,  Next: Quick Reference,  Prev: Missing,  Up: Top
 
-Makefile Conventions
-********************
+14 Makefile Conventions
+***********************
 
 This node describes conventions for writing the Makefiles for GNU
@@ -609 +1176 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Makefile Basics,  Next: Utilities in Makefiles,  Up: Makefile Conventions
 
-General Conventions for Makefiles
-=================================
+14.1 General Conventions for Makefiles
+======================================
 
 Every Makefile should contain this line:
@@ -689 +1256 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Utilities in Makefiles,  Next: Command Variables,  Prev: Makefile Basics,  Up: Makefile Conventions
 
-Utilities in Makefiles
-======================
+14.2 Utilities in Makefiles
+===========================
 
 Write the Makefile commands (and any shell scripts, such as
@@ -744 +1311 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Command Variables,  Next: Directory Variables,  Prev: Utilities in Makefiles,  Up: Makefile Conventions
 
-Variables for Specifying Commands
-=================================
+14.3 Variables for Specifying Commands
+======================================
 
 Makefiles should provide variables for overriding certain commands,
@@ -824 +1391 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Directory Variables,  Next: Standard Targets,  Prev: Command Variables,  Up: Makefile Conventions
 
-Variables for Installation Directories
-======================================
+14.4 Variables for Installation Directories
+===========================================
 
 Installation directories should always be named by variables, so it is
 easy to install in a nonstandard place.  The standard names for these
-variables are described below.  They are based on a standard filesystem
-layout; variants of it are used in SVR4, 4.4BSD, GNU/Linux, Ultrix v4,
-and other modern operating systems.
+variables and the values they should have in GNU packages are described
+below.  They are based on a standard filesystem layout; variants of it
+are used in GNU/Linux and other modern operating systems.
+
+   Installers are expected to override these values when calling `make'
+(e.g., `make prefix=/usr install' or `configure' (e.g., `configure
+--prefix=/usr').  GNU packages should not try to guess which value
+should be appropriate for these variables on the system they are being
+installed onto: use the default settings specified here so that all GNU
+packages behave identically, allowing the installer to achieve any
+desired layout.
 
    These two variables set the root for the installation.  All the other
@@ -884 +1459 @@
      (If you are using Autoconf, write it as `@libexecdir@'.)
 
+     The definition of `libexecdir' is the same for all packages, so
+     you should install your data in a subdirectory thereof.  Most
+     packages install their data under `$(libexecdir)/PACKAGE-NAME/',
+     possibly within additional subdirectories thereof, such as
+     `$(libexecdir)/PACKAGE-NAME/MACHINE/VERSION'.
+
    Data files used by the program during its execution are divided into
 categories in two ways.
@@ -900 +1481 @@
 architecture-independent, and it is generally not hard.
 
-   Therefore, here are the variables Makefiles should use to specify
-directories:
+   Here are the variables Makefiles should use to specify directories
+to put these various kinds of files in:
+
+`datarootdir'
+     The root of the directory tree for read-only
+     architecture-independent data files.  This should normally be
+     `/usr/local/share', but write it as `$(prefix)/share'.  (If you
+     are using Autoconf, write it as `@datarootdir@'.)  `datadir''s
+     default value is based on this variable; so are `infodir',
+     `mandir', and others.
 
 `datadir'
-     The directory for installing read-only architecture independent
-     data files.  This should normally be `/usr/local/share', but write
-     it as `$(prefix)/share'.  (If you are using Autoconf, write it as
-     `@datadir@'.)  As a special exception, see `$(infodir)' and
-     `$(includedir)' below.
+     The directory for installing idiosyncratic read-only
+     architecture-independent data files for this program.  This is
+     usually the same place as `datarootdir', but we use the two
+     separate variables so that you can move these program-specific
+     files without altering the location for Info files, man pages, etc.
+
+     This should normally be `/usr/local/share', but write it as
+     `$(datarootdir)'.  (If you are using Autoconf, write it as
+     `@datadir@'.)
+
+     The definition of `datadir' is the same for all packages, so you
+     should install your data in a subdirectory thereof.  Most packages
+     install their data under `$(datadir)/PACKAGE-NAME/'.
 
 `sysconfdir'
@@ -941 +1538 @@
      `@localstatedir@'.)
 
-`libdir'
-     The directory for object files and libraries of object code.  Do
-     not install executables here, they probably ought to go in
-     `$(libexecdir)' instead.  The value of `libdir' should normally be
-     `/usr/local/lib', but write it as `$(exec_prefix)/lib'.  (If you
-     are using Autoconf, write it as `@libdir@'.)
-
-`infodir'
-     The directory for installing the Info files for this package.  By
-     default, it should be `/usr/local/info', but it should be written
-     as `$(prefix)/info'.  (If you are using Autoconf, write it as
-     `@infodir@'.)
-
-`lispdir'
-     The directory for installing any Emacs Lisp files in this package.
-     By default, it should be `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', but
-     it should be written as `$(prefix)/share/emacs/site-lisp'.
-
-     If you are using Autoconf, write the default as `@lispdir@'.  In
-     order to make `@lispdir@' work, you need the following lines in
-     your `configure.in' file:
-
-          lispdir='${datadir}/emacs/site-lisp'
-          AC_SUBST(lispdir)
+   These variables specify the directory for installing certain specific
+types of files, if your program has them.  Every GNU package should
+have Info files, so every program needs `infodir', but not all need
+`libdir' or `lispdir'.
 
 `includedir'
@@ -1000 +1577 @@
      string in the file--part of a comment--and `grep' for that string.
 
+`docdir'
+     The directory for installing documentation files (other than Info)
+     for this package.  By default, it should be
+     `/usr/local/share/doc/YOURPKG', but it should be written as
+     `$(datarootdir)/doc/YOURPKG'.  (If you are using Autoconf, write
+     it as `@docdir@'.)  The YOURPKG subdirectory, which may include a
+     version number, prevents collisions among files with common names,
+     such as `README'.
+
+`infodir'
+     The directory for installing the Info files for this package.  By
+     default, it should be `/usr/local/share/info', but it should be
+     written as `$(datarootdir)/info'.  (If you are using Autoconf,
+     write it as `@infodir@'.)  `infodir' is separate from `docdir' for
+     compatibility with existing practice.
+
+`htmldir'
+`dvidir'
+`pdfdir'
+`psdir'
+     Directories for installing documentation files in the particular
+     format.  (It is not required to support documentation in all these
+     formats.)  They should all be set to `$(docdir)' by default.  (If
+     you are using Autoconf, write them as `@htmldir@', `@dvidir@',
+     etc.)  Packages which supply several translations of their
+     documentation should install them in `$(htmldir)/'LL,
+     `$(pdfdir)/'LL, etc. where LL is a locale abbreviation such as
+     `en' or `pt_BR'.
+
+`libdir'
+     The directory for object files and libraries of object code.  Do
+     not install executables here, they probably ought to go in
+     `$(libexecdir)' instead.  The value of `libdir' should normally be
+     `/usr/local/lib', but write it as `$(exec_prefix)/lib'.  (If you
+     are using Autoconf, write it as `@libdir@'.)
+
+`lispdir'
+     The directory for installing any Emacs Lisp files in this package.
+     By default, it should be `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', but
+     it should be written as `$(datarootdir)/emacs/site-lisp'.
+
+     If you are using Autoconf, write the default as `@lispdir@'.  In
+     order to make `@lispdir@' work, you need the following lines in
+     your `configure.in' file:
+
+          lispdir='${datarootdir}/emacs/site-lisp'
+          AC_SUBST(lispdir)
+
+`localedir'
+     The directory for installing locale-specific message catalogs for
+     this package.  By default, it should be `/usr/local/share/locale',
+     but it should be written as `$(datarootdir)/locale'.  (If you are
+     using Autoconf, write it as `@localedir@'.)  This directory
+     usually has a subdirectory per locale.
+
    Unix-style man pages are installed in one of the following:
 
 `mandir'
      The top-level directory for installing the man pages (if any) for
-     this package.  It will normally be `/usr/local/man', but you should
-     write it as `$(prefix)/man'.  (If you are using Autoconf, write it
-     as `@mandir@'.)
+     this package.  It will normally be `/usr/local/share/man', but you
+     should write it as `$(datarootdir)/man'.  (If you are using
+     Autoconf, write it as `@mandir@'.)
 
 `man1dir'
@@ -1049 +1681 @@
      # NOTE: This directory must exist when you start the install.
      prefix = /usr/local
+     datarootdir = $(prefix)/share
+     datadir = $(datarootdir)
      exec_prefix = $(prefix)
      # Where to put the executable for the command `gcc'.
@@ -1055 +1689 @@
      libexecdir = $(exec_prefix)/libexec
      # Where to put the Info files.
-     infodir = $(prefix)/info
+     infodir = $(datarootdir)/info
 
    If your program installs a large number of files into one of the
@@ -1072 +1706 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Standard Targets,  Next: Install Command Categories,  Prev: Directory Variables,  Up: Makefile Conventions
 
-Standard Targets for Users
-==========================
+14.5 Standard Targets for Users
+===============================
 
 All GNU programs should have the following targets in their Makefiles:
@@ -1142 +1776 @@
      Categories::.
 
+`install-html'
+`install-dvi'
+`install-pdf'
+`install-ps'
+     These targets install documentation in formats other than Info;
+     they're intended to be called explicitly by the person installing
+     the package, if that format is desired.  GNU prefers Info files,
+     so these must be installed by the `install' target.
+
+     When you have many documentation files to install, we recommend
+     that you avoid collisions and clutter by arranging for these
+     targets to install in subdirectories of the appropriate
+     installation directory, such as `htmldir'.  As one example, if
+     your package has multiple manuals, and you wish to install HTML
+     documentation with many files (such as the "split" mode output by
+     `makeinfo --html'), you'll certainly want to use subdirectories,
+     or two nodes with the same name in different manuals will
+     overwrite each other.
+
 `uninstall'
-     Delete all the installed files--the copies that the `install'
-     target creates.
+     Delete all the installed files--the copies that the `install' and
+     `install-*' targets create.
 
      This rule should not modify the directories where compilation is
@@ -1176 +1829 @@
 
 `clean'
-     Delete all files from the current directory that are normally
-     created by building the program.  Don't delete the files that
-     record the configuration.  Also preserve files that could be made
-     by building, but normally aren't because the distribution comes
-     with them.
+     Delete all files in the current directory that are normally
+     created by building the program.  Also delete files in other
+     directories if they are created by this makefile.  However, don't
+     delete the files that record the configuration.  Also preserve
+     files that could be made by building, but normally aren't because
+     the distribution comes with them.  There is no need to delete
+     parent directories that were created with `mkdir -p', since they
+     could have existed anyway.
 
      Delete `.dvi' files here if they are not part of the distribution.
 
 `distclean'
-     Delete all files from the current directory that are created by
-     configuring or building the program.  If you have unpacked the
-     source and built the program without creating any other files,
-     `make distclean' should leave only the files that were in the
-     distribution.
+     Delete all files in the current directory (or created by this
+     makefile) that are created by configuring or building the program.
+     If you have unpacked the source and built the program without
+     creating any other files, `make distclean' should leave only the
+     files that were in the distribution.  However, there is no need to
+     delete parent directories that were created with `mkdir -p', since
+     they could have existed anyway.
 
 `mostlyclean'
@@ -1198 +1856 @@
 
 `maintainer-clean'
-     Delete almost everything from the current directory that can be
-     reconstructed with this Makefile.  This typically includes
-     everything deleted by `distclean', plus more: C source files
-     produced by Bison, tags tables, Info files, and so on.
+     Delete almost everything that can be reconstructed with this
+     Makefile.  This typically includes everything deleted by
+     `distclean', plus more: C source files produced by Bison, tags
+     tables, Info files, and so on.
 
      The reason we say "almost everything" is that running the command
@@ -1208 +1866 @@
      generally, `make maintainer-clean' should not delete anything that
      needs to exist in order to run `configure' and then begin to build
-     the program.  This is the only exception; `maintainer-clean' should
+     the program.  Also, there is no need to delete parent directories
+     that were created with `mkdir -p', since they could have existed
+     anyway.  These are the only exceptions; `maintainer-clean' should
      delete everything else that can be rebuilt.
 
@@ -1233 +1893 @@
 
           info: foo.info
-          
+
           foo.info: foo.texi chap1.texi chap2.texi
                   $(MAKEINFO) $(srcdir)/foo.texi
@@ -1248 +1908 @@
 
 `dvi'
-     Generate DVI files for all Texinfo documentation.  For example:
+`html'
+`pdf'
+`ps'
+     Generate documentation files in the given format, if possible.
+     Here's an example rule for generating DVI files from Texinfo:
 
           dvi: foo.dvi
-          
+
           foo.dvi: foo.texi chap1.texi chap2.texi
                   $(TEXI2DVI) $(srcdir)/foo.texi
@@ -1259 +1923 @@
      distribution.(1)  Alternatively, write just the dependencies, and
      allow GNU `make' to provide the command.
+
+     Here's another example, this one for generating HTML from Texinfo:
+
+          html: foo.html
+
+          foo.html: foo.texi chap1.texi chap2.texi
+                  $(TEXI2HTML) $(srcdir)/foo.texi
+
+     Again, you would define the variable `TEXI2HTML' in the Makefile;
+     for example, it might run `makeinfo --no-split --html' (`makeinfo'
+     is part of the Texinfo distribution).
 
 `dist'
@@ -1329 +2004 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Install Command Categories,  Prev: Standard Targets,  Up: Makefile Conventions
 
-Install Command Categories
-==========================
+14.6 Install Command Categories
+===============================
 
 When writing the `install' target, you must classify all the commands
@@ -1415 +2090 @@
    Programs to build binary packages work by extracting the
 pre-installation and post-installation commands.  Here is one way of
-extracting the pre-installation commands:
-
-     make -n install -o all \
+extracting the pre-installation commands (the `-s' option to `make' is
+needed to silence messages about entering subdirectories):
+
+     make -s -n install -o all \
            PRE_INSTALL=pre-install \
            POST_INSTALL=post-install \
@@ -1425 +2101 @@
 where the file `pre-install.awk' could contain this:
 
-     $0 ~ /^\t[ \t]*(normal_install|post_install)[ \t]*$/ {on = 0}
+     $0 ~ /^(normal-install|post-install)[ \t]*$/ {on = 0}
      on {print $0}
-     $0 ~ /^\t[ \t]*pre_install[ \t]*$/ {on = 1}
-
-   The resulting file of pre-installation commands is executed as a
-shell script as part of installing the binary package.
+     $0 ~ /^pre-install[ \t]*$/ {on = 1}
 
 
 File: make.info,  Node: Quick Reference,  Next: Error Messages,  Prev: Makefile Conventions,  Up: Top
 
-Quick Reference
-***************
+Appendix A Quick Reference
+**************************
 
 This appendix summarizes the directives, text manipulation functions,
@@ -1504 +2177 @@
      directive.
 
-   Here is a summary of the text manipulation functions (*note
-Functions::):
+   Here is a summary of the built-in functions (*note Functions::):
 
 `$(subst FROM,TO,TEXT)'
@@ -1542 +2214 @@
      Functions.
 
+`$(word N,TEXT)'
+     Extract the Nth word (one-origin) of TEXT.
+     *Note Functions for String Substitution and Analysis: Text
+     Functions.
+
+`$(words TEXT)'
+     Count the number of words in TEXT.
+     *Note Functions for String Substitution and Analysis: Text
+     Functions.
+
+`$(wordlist S,E,TEXT)'
+     Returns the list of words in TEXT from S to E.
+     *Note Functions for String Substitution and Analysis: Text
+     Functions.
+
+`$(firstword NAMES...)'
+     Extract the first word of NAMES.
+     *Note Functions for String Substitution and Analysis: Text
+     Functions.
+
+`$(lastword NAMES...)'
+     Extract the last word of NAMES.
+     *Note Functions for String Substitution and Analysis: Text
+     Functions.
+
 `$(dir NAMES...)'
      Extract the directory part of each file name.
@@ -1571 +2268 @@
      *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
 
-`$(word N,TEXT)'
-     Extract the Nth word (one-origin) of TEXT.
-     *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
-
-`$(words TEXT)'
-     Count the number of words in TEXT.
-     *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
-
-`$(wordlist S,E,TEXT)'
-     Returns the list of words in TEXT from S to E.
-     *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
-
-`$(firstword NAMES...)'
-     Extract the first word of NAMES.
-     *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
-
 `$(wildcard PATTERN...)'
      Find file names matching a shell file name pattern (_not_ a `%'
@@ -1592 +2273 @@
      *Note The Function `wildcard': Wildcard Function.
 
+`$(realpath NAMES...)'
+     For each file name in NAMES, expand to an absolute name that does
+     not contain any `.', `..', nor symlinks.
+     *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
+
+`$(abspath NAMES...)'
+     For each file name in NAMES, expand to an absolute name that does
+     not contain any `.' or `..' components, but preserves symlinks.
+     *Note Functions for File Names: File Name Functions.
+
 `$(error TEXT...)'
      When this function is evaluated, `make' generates a fatal error
@@ -1610 +2301 @@
      defined.
      *Note The `origin' Function: Origin Function.
+
+`$(flavor VARIABLE)'
+     Return a string describing the flavor of the `make' variable
+     VARIABLE.
+     *Note The `flavor' Function: Flavor Function.
 
 `$(foreach VAR,WORDS,TEXT)'
@@ -1701 +2397 @@
      `/bin/sh'.  You can set `SHELL' in the makefile to change the
      shell used to run commands.  *Note Command Execution: Execution.
+     The `SHELL' variable is handled specially when importing from and
+     exporting to the environment.  *Note Choosing the Shell::.
 
 `MAKESHELL'
      On MS-DOS only, the name of the command interpreter that is to be
-     used by `make'. This value takes precedence over the value of
+     used by `make'.  This value takes precedence over the value of
      `SHELL'.  *Note MAKESHELL variable: Execution.
 
@@ -1748 +2446 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Error Messages,  Next: Complex Makefile,  Prev: Quick Reference,  Up: Top
 
-Errors Generated by Make
-************************
+Appendix B Errors Generated by Make
+***********************************
 
 Here is a list of the more common errors you might see generated by
@@ -1822 +2520 @@
      on the command line, and `make' couldn't find any makefiles to
      read in.  The latter means that some makefile was found, but it
-     didn't contain any default target and none was given on the
-     command line.  GNU `make' has nothing to do in these situations.
-     *Note Arguments to Specify the Makefile: Makefile Arguments.
+     didn't contain any default goal and none was given on the command
+     line.  GNU `make' has nothing to do in these situations.  *Note
+     Arguments to Specify the Makefile: Makefile Arguments.
 
 `Makefile `XXX' was not found.'
@@ -1901 +2599 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: Complex Makefile,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Error Messages,  Up: Top
 
-Complex Makefile Example
-************************
+Appendix C Complex Makefile Example
+***********************************
 
 Here is the makefile for the GNU `tar' program.  This is a moderately
@@ -1938 +2636 @@
      # Un*x Makefile for GNU tar program.
      # Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-     
+
      # This program is free software; you can redistribute
      # it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
@@ -1944 +2642 @@
      ...
      ...
-     
+
      SHELL = /bin/sh
-     
+
      #### Start of system configuration section. ####
-     
+
      srcdir = .
-     
+
      # If you use gcc, you should either run the
      # fixincludes script that comes with it or else use
@@ -1959 +2657 @@
      INSTALL = /usr/local/bin/install -c
      INSTALLDATA = /usr/local/bin/install -c -m 644
-     
+
      # Things you might add to DEFS:
      # -DSTDC_HEADERS        If you have ANSI C headers and
@@ -2010 +2708 @@
      # -DXENIX               If you have sys/inode.h
      #                       and need it 94 to be included.
-     
+
      DEFS =  -DSIGTYPE=int -DDIRENT -DSTRSTR_MISSING \
              -DVPRINTF_MISSING -DBSD42
@@ -2019 +2717 @@
      DEF_AR_FILE = /dev/rmt8
      DEFBLOCKING = 20
-     
+
      CDEBUG = -g
      CFLAGS = $(CDEBUG) -I. -I$(srcdir) $(DEFS) \
@@ -2025 +2723 @@
              -DDEFBLOCKING=$(DEFBLOCKING)
      LDFLAGS = -g
-     
+
      prefix = /usr/local
      # Prefix for each installed program,
      # normally empty or `g'.
      binprefix =
-     
+
      # The directory to install tar in.
      bindir = $(prefix)/bin
-     
+
      # The directory to install the info files in.
      infodir = $(prefix)/info
-     
+
      #### End of system configuration section. ####
-     
+
      SRC1 =  tar.c create.c extract.c buffer.c \
              getoldopt.c update.c gnu.c mangle.c
@@ -2058 +2756 @@
              msd_dir.h msd_dir.c tcexparg.c \
              level-0 level-1 backup-specs testpad.c
-     
+
+     .PHONY: all
      all:    tar rmt tar.info
-     
+
+     .PHONY: tar
      tar:    $(OBJS)
              $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LIBS)
-     
+
      rmt:    rmt.c
              $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ rmt.c
-     
+
      tar.info: tar.texinfo
              makeinfo tar.texinfo
-     
+
+     .PHONY: install
      install: all
              $(INSTALL) tar $(bindir)/$(binprefix)tar
              -test ! -f rmt || $(INSTALL) rmt /etc/rmt
              $(INSTALLDATA) $(srcdir)/tar.info* $(infodir)
-     
+
      $(OBJS): tar.h port.h testpad.h
      regex.o buffer.o tar.o: regex.h
      # getdate.y has 8 shift/reduce conflicts.
-     
+
      testpad.h: testpad
              ./testpad
-     
+
      testpad: testpad.o
              $(CC) -o $@ testpad.o
-     
+
      TAGS:   $(SRCS)
              etags $(SRCS)
-     
+
+     .PHONY: clean
      clean:
              rm -f *.o tar rmt testpad testpad.h core
-     
+
+     .PHONY: distclean
      distclean: clean
              rm -f TAGS Makefile config.status
-     
+
+     .PHONY: realclean
      realclean: distclean
              rm -f tar.info*
-     
+
+     .PHONY: shar
      shar: $(SRCS) $(AUX)
              shar $(SRCS) $(AUX) | compress \
@@ -2103 +2808 @@
                           -e q
                           version.c`.shar.Z
-     
+
+     .PHONY: dist
      dist: $(SRCS) $(AUX)
              echo tar-`sed \
@@ -2115 +2821 @@
              tar chZf `cat .fname`.tar.Z `cat .fname`
              -rm -rf `cat .fname` .fname
-     
+
      tar.zoo: $(SRCS) $(AUX)
              -rm -rf tmp.dir
@@ -2130 +2836 @@
 File: make.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: Concept Index,  Prev: Complex Makefile,  Up: Top
 
-GNU Free Documentation License
-******************************
-
-                        Version 1.1, March 2000
-     Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-     59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA
-     
+Appendix D GNU Free Documentation License
+*****************************************
+
+                      Version 1.2, November 2002
+
+     Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+     51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+
      Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
      of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
@@ -2143 +2850 @@
 
      The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
-     written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
-     the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
-     modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.  Secondarily,
-     this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
-     credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
-     modifications made by others.
+     functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
+     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
+     noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
+     author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
+     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
 
      This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
@@ -2166 +2873 @@
   1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
 
-     This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
-     notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
-     under the terms of this License.  The "Document", below, refers to
-     any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a licensee,
-     and is addressed as "you".
+     This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
+     that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it
+     can be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
+     grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
+     to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
+     "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
+     of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You
+     accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a
+     way requiring permission under copyright law.
 
      A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
@@ -2176 +2887 @@
      modifications and/or translated into another language.
 
-     A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
-     section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
-     relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
-     Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
-     nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
-     (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of
-     mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
-     The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
-     the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
-     philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
+     A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
+     of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+     publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
+     subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
+     fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document
+     is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
+     explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
+     historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
+     of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
+     regarding them.
 
      The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
      titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in
      the notice that says that the Document is released under this
-     License.
+     License.  If a section does not fit the above definition of
+     Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.
+     The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document
+     does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
 
      The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
      listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
-     that says that the Document is released under this License.
+     that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
+     Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
+     be at most 25 words.
 
      A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
      represented in a format whose specification is available to the
-     general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly
-     and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
+     general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+     straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
      composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some
      widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to
      text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of
      formats suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an
-     otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed
-     to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
-     Transparent.  A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
+     otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of
+     markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent
+     modification by readers is not Transparent.  An image format is
+     not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text.  A
+     copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
 
      Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
      ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
      SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and
-     standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
-     Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
-     can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
-     or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
-     available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
-     processors for output purposes only.
+     standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for
+     human modification.  Examples of transparent image formats include
+     PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats include proprietary formats that
+     can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
+     XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
+     available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF
+     produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
 
      The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
@@ -2224 +2943 @@
      Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
      work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+     A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
+     whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
+     following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
+     stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
+     "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
+     To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
+     Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
+     to this definition.
+
+     The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
+     which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
+     Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
+     this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+     implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
+     has no effect on the meaning of this License.
 
   2. VERBATIM COPYING
@@ -2243 +2978 @@
   3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 
-     If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than
-     100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you
-     must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly,
-     all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
+     If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
+     have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
+     the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
+     enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
+     these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
      Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
      and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The
@@ -2264 +3000 @@
      numbering more than 100, you must either include a
      machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
-     state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
-     computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
-     of the Document, free of added material, which the general
-     network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
-     charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the
+     state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from
+     which the general network-using public has access to download
+     using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent
+     copy of the Document, free of added material.  If you use the
      latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
      begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
@@ -2302 +3037 @@
           the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
           principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
-          authors, if it has less than five).
+          authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
+          from this requirement.
 
        C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
@@ -2323 +3059 @@
        H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 
-       I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and
-          add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
+       I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
+          and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
           authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on
-          the Title Page.  If there is no section entitled "History" in
+          the Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in
           the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors,
           and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page,
@@ -2341 +3077 @@
           it refers to gives permission.
 
-       K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgments" or "Dedications",
-          preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all
-          the substance and tone of each of the contributor
-          acknowledgments and/or dedications given therein.
+       K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
+          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
+          section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
+          acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
 
        L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
@@ -2351 +3087 @@
           titles.
 
-       M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
+       M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
           may not be included in the Modified Version.
 
-       N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
-          conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+       N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
+          "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
+          Section.
+
+       O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
 
      If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
@@ -2365 +3104 @@
      other section titles.
 
-     You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
+     You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
      nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
      parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
@@ -2393 +3132 @@
      all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
      unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
-     combined work in its license notice.
+     combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
+     their Warranty Disclaimers.
 
      The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
@@ -2405 +3145 @@
      combined work.
 
-     In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
+     In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
      "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
-     entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
-     "Acknowledgments", and any sections entitled "Dedications".  You
-     must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
+     Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
+     "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You
+     must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
 
   6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
@@ -2430 +3170 @@
      A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
      separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
-     a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
-     Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
-     copyright is claimed for the compilation.  Such a compilation is
-     called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
-     other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
-     account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
-     derivative works of the Document.
+     a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
+     copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
+     legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
+     works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
+     License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
+     are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
 
      If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
-     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
-     quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be
-     placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
-     aggregate.  Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
-     aggregate.
+     copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
+     of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
+     on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+     electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
+     form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
+     the whole aggregate.
 
   8. TRANSLATION
@@ -2453 +3193 @@
      translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
      original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
-     translation of this License provided that you also include the
-     original English version of this License.  In case of a
-     disagreement between the translation and the original English
-     version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
+     translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+     Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
+     include the original English version of this License and the
+     original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
+     disagreement between the translation and the original version of
+     this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
+     prevail.
+
+     If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
+     "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
+     Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
+     actual title.
 
   9. TERMINATION
@@ -2486 +3234 @@
      Free Software Foundation.
 
-ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
-====================================================
+D.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
+========================================================
 
 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
@@ -2495 +3243 @@
        Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
        Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
+       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
        or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-       with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
-       Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
-       A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
+       Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
        Free Documentation License''.
 
-   If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
-instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have no Front-Cover
-Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being
-LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
+   If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
+Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
+
+         with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
+         the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
+         being LIST.
+
+   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
 
    If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
@@ -2518 +3271 @@
 *****************
 
+[index]
 * Menu:
 
-* # (comments), in commands:             Commands.
-* # (comments), in makefile:             Makefile Contents.
+* # (comments), in commands:             Command Syntax.      (line  27)
+* # (comments), in makefile:             Makefile Contents.   (line  41)
 * #include:                              Automatic Prerequisites.
-* $$@, support for:                      Automatic Variables.
-* $, in function call:                   Syntax of Functions.
-* $, in rules:                           Rule Syntax.
-* $, in variable name:                   Computed Names.
-* $, in variable reference:              Reference.
-* %, in pattern rules:                   Pattern Intro.
-* %, quoting in patsubst:                Text Functions.
-* %, quoting in static pattern:          Static Usage.
-* %, quoting in vpath:                   Selective Search.
-* %, quoting with \ (backslash) <1>:     Text Functions.
-* %, quoting with \ (backslash) <2>:     Static Usage.
-* %, quoting with \ (backslash):         Selective Search.
-* * (wildcard character):                Wildcards.
+                                                              (line  16)
+* $, in function call:                   Syntax of Functions. (line   6)
+* $, in rules:                           Rule Syntax.         (line  32)
+* $, in variable name:                   Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* $, in variable reference:              Reference.           (line   6)
+* %, in pattern rules:                   Pattern Intro.       (line   9)
+* %, quoting in patsubst:                Text Functions.      (line  26)
+* %, quoting in static pattern:          Static Usage.        (line  37)
+* %, quoting in vpath:                   Selective Search.    (line  38)
+* %, quoting with \ (backslash) <1>:     Text Functions.      (line  26)
+* %, quoting with \ (backslash) <2>:     Static Usage.        (line  37)
+* %, quoting with \ (backslash):         Selective Search.    (line  38)
+* * (wildcard character):                Wildcards.           (line   6)
 * +, and command execution:              Instead of Execution.
-* +, and commands:                       MAKE Variable.
-* +, and define:                         Sequences.
-* +=:                                    Appending.
-* +=, expansion:                         Reading Makefiles.
-* ,v (RCS file extension):               Catalogue of Rules.
-* - (in commands):                       Errors.
-* -, and define:                         Sequences.
-* --always-make:                         Options Summary.
-* --assume-new <1>:                      Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  58)
+* +, and commands:                       MAKE Variable.       (line  18)
+* +, and define:                         Sequences.           (line  50)
+* +=:                                    Appending.           (line   6)
+* +=, expansion:                         Reading Makefiles.   (line  33)
+* ,v (RCS file extension):               Catalogue of Rules.  (line 164)
+* - (in commands):                       Errors.              (line  19)
+* -, and define:                         Sequences.           (line  50)
+* --always-make:                         Options Summary.     (line  15)
+* --assume-new <1>:                      Options Summary.     (line 242)
 * --assume-new:                          Instead of Execution.
-* --assume-new, and recursion:           Options/Recursion.
-* --assume-old <1>:                      Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* --assume-new, and recursion:           Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* --assume-old <1>:                      Options Summary.     (line 147)
 * --assume-old:                          Avoiding Compilation.
-* --assume-old, and recursion:           Options/Recursion.
-* --debug:                               Options Summary.
-* --directory <1>:                       Options Summary.
-* --directory:                           Recursion.
-* --directory, and --print-directory:    -w Option.
-* --directory, and recursion:            Options/Recursion.
-* --dry-run <1>:                         Options Summary.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* --assume-old, and recursion:           Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* --check-symlink-times:                 Options Summary.     (line 130)
+* --debug:                               Options Summary.     (line  42)
+* --directory <1>:                       Options Summary.     (line  26)
+* --directory:                           Recursion.           (line  20)
+* --directory, and --print-directory:    -w Option.           (line  20)
+* --directory, and recursion:            Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* --dry-run <1>:                         Options Summary.     (line 140)
 * --dry-run <2>:                         Instead of Execution.
-* --dry-run:                             Echoing.
-* --environment-overrides:               Options Summary.
-* --file <1>:                            Options Summary.
-* --file <2>:                            Makefile Arguments.
-* --file:                                Makefile Names.
-* --file, and recursion:                 Options/Recursion.
-* --help:                                Options Summary.
-* --ignore-errors <1>:                   Options Summary.
-* --ignore-errors:                       Errors.
-* --include-dir <1>:                     Options Summary.
-* --include-dir:                         Include.
-* --jobs <1>:                            Options Summary.
-* --jobs:                                Parallel.
-* --jobs, and recursion:                 Options/Recursion.
-* --just-print <1>:                      Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* --dry-run:                             Echoing.             (line  18)
+* --environment-overrides:               Options Summary.     (line  78)
+* --file <1>:                            Options Summary.     (line  84)
+* --file <2>:                            Makefile Arguments.  (line   6)
+* --file:                                Makefile Names.      (line  23)
+* --file, and recursion:                 Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* --help:                                Options Summary.     (line  90)
+* --ignore-errors <1>:                   Options Summary.     (line  94)
+* --ignore-errors:                       Errors.              (line  30)
+* --include-dir <1>:                     Options Summary.     (line  99)
+* --include-dir:                         Include.             (line  52)
+* --jobs <1>:                            Options Summary.     (line 106)
+* --jobs:                                Parallel.            (line   6)
+* --jobs, and recursion:                 Options/Recursion.   (line  25)
+* --just-print <1>:                      Options Summary.     (line 139)
 * --just-print <2>:                      Instead of Execution.
-* --just-print:                          Echoing.
-* --keep-going <1>:                      Options Summary.
-* --keep-going <2>:                      Testing.
-* --keep-going:                          Errors.
-* --load-average <1>:                    Options Summary.
-* --load-average:                        Parallel.
-* --makefile <1>:                        Options Summary.
-* --makefile <2>:                        Makefile Arguments.
-* --makefile:                            Makefile Names.
-* --max-load <1>:                        Options Summary.
-* --max-load:                            Parallel.
-* --new-file <1>:                        Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* --just-print:                          Echoing.             (line  18)
+* --keep-going <1>:                      Options Summary.     (line 115)
+* --keep-going <2>:                      Testing.             (line  16)
+* --keep-going:                          Errors.              (line  47)
+* --load-average <1>:                    Options Summary.     (line 122)
+* --load-average:                        Parallel.            (line  57)
+* --makefile <1>:                        Options Summary.     (line  85)
+* --makefile <2>:                        Makefile Arguments.  (line   6)
+* --makefile:                            Makefile Names.      (line  23)
+* --max-load <1>:                        Options Summary.     (line 123)
+* --max-load:                            Parallel.            (line  57)
+* --new-file <1>:                        Options Summary.     (line 241)
 * --new-file:                            Instead of Execution.
-* --new-file, and recursion:             Options/Recursion.
-* --no-builtin-rules:                    Options Summary.
-* --no-builtin-variables:                Options Summary.
-* --no-keep-going:                       Options Summary.
-* --no-print-directory <1>:              Options Summary.
-* --no-print-directory:                  -w Option.
-* --old-file <1>:                        Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* --new-file, and recursion:             Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* --no-builtin-rules:                    Options Summary.     (line 175)
+* --no-builtin-variables:                Options Summary.     (line 188)
+* --no-keep-going:                       Options Summary.     (line 203)
+* --no-print-directory <1>:              Options Summary.     (line 233)
+* --no-print-directory:                  -w Option.           (line  20)
+* --old-file <1>:                        Options Summary.     (line 146)
 * --old-file:                            Avoiding Compilation.
-* --old-file, and recursion:             Options/Recursion.
-* --print-data-base:                     Options Summary.
-* --print-directory:                     Options Summary.
-* --print-directory, and --directory:    -w Option.
-* --print-directory, and recursion:      -w Option.
-* --print-directory, disabling:          -w Option.
-* --question <1>:                        Options Summary.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* --old-file, and recursion:             Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* --print-data-base:                     Options Summary.     (line 155)
+* --print-directory:                     Options Summary.     (line 225)
+* --print-directory, and --directory:    -w Option.           (line  20)
+* --print-directory, and recursion:      -w Option.           (line  20)
+* --print-directory, disabling:          -w Option.           (line  20)
+* --question <1>:                        Options Summary.     (line 167)
 * --question:                            Instead of Execution.
-* --quiet <1>:                           Options Summary.
-* --quiet:                               Echoing.
-* --recon <1>:                           Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* --quiet <1>:                           Options Summary.     (line 198)
+* --quiet:                               Echoing.             (line  24)
+* --recon <1>:                           Options Summary.     (line 141)
 * --recon <2>:                           Instead of Execution.
-* --recon:                               Echoing.
-* --silent <1>:                          Options Summary.
-* --silent:                              Echoing.
-* --stop:                                Options Summary.
-* --touch <1>:                           Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* --recon:                               Echoing.             (line  18)
+* --silent <1>:                          Options Summary.     (line 197)
+* --silent:                              Echoing.             (line  24)
+* --stop:                                Options Summary.     (line 204)
+* --touch <1>:                           Options Summary.     (line 212)
 * --touch:                               Instead of Execution.
-* --touch, and recursion:                MAKE Variable.
-* --version:                             Options Summary.
-* --warn-undefined-variables:            Options Summary.
-* --what-if <1>:                         Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* --touch, and recursion:                MAKE Variable.       (line  34)
+* --version:                             Options Summary.     (line 220)
+* --warn-undefined-variables:            Options Summary.     (line 251)
+* --what-if <1>:                         Options Summary.     (line 240)
 * --what-if:                             Instead of Execution.
-* -B:                                    Options Summary.
-* -b:                                    Options Summary.
-* -C <1>:                                Options Summary.
-* -C:                                    Recursion.
-* -C, and -w:                            -w Option.
-* -C, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
-* -d:                                    Options Summary.
-* -e:                                    Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* -B:                                    Options Summary.     (line  14)
+* -b:                                    Options Summary.     (line   9)
+* -C <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line  25)
+* -C:                                    Recursion.           (line  20)
+* -C, and -w:                            -w Option.           (line  20)
+* -C, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* -d:                                    Options Summary.     (line  33)
+* -e:                                    Options Summary.     (line  77)
 * -e (shell flag):                       Automatic Prerequisites.
-* -f <1>:                                Options Summary.
-* -f <2>:                                Makefile Arguments.
-* -f:                                    Makefile Names.
-* -f, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
-* -h:                                    Options Summary.
-* -I:                                    Options Summary.
-* -i <1>:                                Options Summary.
-* -i:                                    Errors.
-* -I:                                    Include.
-* -j <1>:                                Options Summary.
-* -j:                                    Parallel.
-* -j, and archive update:                Archive Pitfalls.
-* -j, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
-* -k <1>:                                Options Summary.
-* -k <2>:                                Testing.
-* -k:                                    Errors.
-* -l:                                    Options Summary.
-* -l (library search):                   Libraries/Search.
-* -l (load average):                     Parallel.
-* -m:                                    Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  66)
+* -f <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line  83)
+* -f <2>:                                Makefile Arguments.  (line   6)
+* -f:                                    Makefile Names.      (line  23)
+* -f, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* -h:                                    Options Summary.     (line  89)
+* -I:                                    Options Summary.     (line  98)
+* -i <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line  93)
+* -i:                                    Errors.              (line  30)
+* -I:                                    Include.             (line  52)
+* -j <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 105)
+* -j:                                    Parallel.            (line   6)
+* -j, and archive update:                Archive Pitfalls.    (line   6)
+* -j, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  25)
+* -k <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 114)
+* -k <2>:                                Testing.             (line  16)
+* -k:                                    Errors.              (line  47)
+* -L:                                    Options Summary.     (line 129)
+* -l:                                    Options Summary.     (line 121)
+* -l (library search):                   Libraries/Search.    (line   6)
+* -l (load average):                     Parallel.            (line  57)
+* -m:                                    Options Summary.     (line  10)
 * -M (to compiler):                      Automatic Prerequisites.
+                                                              (line  18)
 * -MM (to GNU compiler):                 Automatic Prerequisites.
-* -n <1>:                                Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  68)
+* -n <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 138)
 * -n <2>:                                Instead of Execution.
-* -n:                                    Echoing.
-* -o <1>:                                Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  14)
+* -n:                                    Echoing.             (line  18)
+* -o <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 145)
 * -o:                                    Avoiding Compilation.
-* -o, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
-* -p:                                    Options Summary.
-* -q <1>:                                Options Summary.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* -o, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* -p:                                    Options Summary.     (line 154)
+* -q <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 166)
 * -q:                                    Instead of Execution.
-* -R:                                    Options Summary.
-* -r:                                    Options Summary.
-* -S:                                    Options Summary.
-* -s <1>:                                Options Summary.
-* -s:                                    Echoing.
-* -t <1>:                                Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* -R:                                    Options Summary.     (line 187)
+* -r:                                    Options Summary.     (line 174)
+* -S:                                    Options Summary.     (line 202)
+* -s <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 196)
+* -s:                                    Echoing.             (line  24)
+* -t <1>:                                Options Summary.     (line 211)
 * -t:                                    Instead of Execution.
-* -t, and recursion:                     MAKE Variable.
-* -v:                                    Options Summary.
-* -W:                                    Options Summary.
-* -w:                                    Options Summary.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* -t, and recursion:                     MAKE Variable.       (line  34)
+* -v:                                    Options Summary.     (line 219)
+* -W:                                    Options Summary.     (line 239)
+* -w:                                    Options Summary.     (line 224)
 * -W:                                    Instead of Execution.
-* -w, and -C:                            -w Option.
-* -w, and recursion:                     -w Option.
-* -W, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.
-* -w, disabling:                         -w Option.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* -w, and -C:                            -w Option.           (line  20)
+* -w, and recursion:                     -w Option.           (line  20)
+* -W, and recursion:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* -w, disabling:                         -w Option.           (line  20)
 * .a (archives):                         Archive Suffix Rules.
-* .C:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .c:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .cc:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* .ch:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* .C:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  39)
+* .c:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  35)
+* .cc:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line  39)
+* .ch:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* .cpp:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line  39)
 * .d:                                    Automatic Prerequisites.
-* .def:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* .dvi:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* .F:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .f:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .info:                                 Catalogue of Rules.
-* .l:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .LIBPATTERNS, and link libraries:      Libraries/Search.
-* .ln:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* .mod:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* .o:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .p:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .PRECIOUS intermediate files:          Chained Rules.
-* .r:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .S:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .s:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .sh:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* .sym:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* .tex:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* .texi:                                 Catalogue of Rules.
-* .texinfo:                              Catalogue of Rules.
-* .txinfo:                               Catalogue of Rules.
-* .w:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* .web:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* .y:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* :: rules (double-colon):               Double-Colon.
-* := <1>:                                Setting.
-* :=:                                    Flavors.
-* = <1>:                                 Setting.
-* =:                                     Flavors.
-* =, expansion:                          Reading Makefiles.
-* ? (wildcard character):                Wildcards.
-* ?= <1>:                                Setting.
-* ?=:                                    Flavors.
-* ?=, expansion:                         Reading Makefiles.
-* @ (in commands):                       Echoing.
-* @, and define:                         Sequences.
-* [...] (wildcard characters):           Wildcards.
-* \ (backslash), for continuation lines: Simple Makefile.
-* \ (backslash), in commands:            Execution.
-* \ (backslash), to quote % <1>:         Text Functions.
-* \ (backslash), to quote % <2>:         Static Usage.
-* \ (backslash), to quote %:             Selective Search.
-* __.SYMDEF:                             Archive Symbols.
-* algorithm for directory search:        Search Algorithm.
-* all (standard target):                 Goals.
-* appending to variables:                Appending.
-* ar:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* archive:                               Archives.
-* archive member targets:                Archive Members.
-* archive symbol directory updating:     Archive Symbols.
-* archive, and -j:                       Archive Pitfalls.
-* archive, and parallel execution:       Archive Pitfalls.
+                                                              (line  81)
+* .def:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line  74)
+* .dvi:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* .F:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  49)
+* .f:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  49)
+* .info:                                 Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* .l:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line 124)
+* .LIBPATTERNS, and link libraries:      Libraries/Search.    (line   6)
+* .ln:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line 146)
+* .mod:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line  74)
+* .o:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  35)
+* .p:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  45)
+* .PRECIOUS intermediate files:          Chained Rules.       (line  56)
+* .r:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  49)
+* .S:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  82)
+* .s:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  79)
+* .sh:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line 180)
+* .sym:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line  74)
+* .tex:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* .texi:                                 Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* .texinfo:                              Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* .txinfo:                               Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* .w:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* .web:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* .y:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line 120)
+* :: rules (double-colon):               Double-Colon.        (line   6)
+* := <1>:                                Setting.             (line   6)
+* :=:                                    Flavors.             (line  56)
+* = <1>:                                 Setting.             (line   6)
+* =:                                     Flavors.             (line  10)
+* =, expansion:                          Reading Makefiles.   (line  33)
+* ? (wildcard character):                Wildcards.           (line   6)
+* ?= <1>:                                Setting.             (line   6)
+* ?=:                                    Flavors.             (line 129)
+* ?=, expansion:                         Reading Makefiles.   (line  33)
+* @ (in commands):                       Echoing.             (line   6)
+* @, and define:                         Sequences.           (line  50)
+* [...] (wildcard characters):           Wildcards.           (line   6)
+* \ (backslash), for continuation lines: Simple Makefile.     (line  40)
+* \ (backslash), in commands:            Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* \ (backslash), to quote % <1>:         Text Functions.      (line  26)
+* \ (backslash), to quote % <2>:         Static Usage.        (line  37)
+* \ (backslash), to quote %:             Selective Search.    (line  38)
+* __.SYMDEF:                             Archive Symbols.     (line   6)
+* abspath:                               File Name Functions. (line 121)
+* algorithm for directory search:        Search Algorithm.    (line   6)
+* all (standard target):                 Goals.               (line  72)
+* appending to variables:                Appending.           (line   6)
+* ar:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  41)
+* archive:                               Archives.            (line   6)
+* archive member targets:                Archive Members.     (line   6)
+* archive symbol directory updating:     Archive Symbols.     (line   6)
+* archive, and -j:                       Archive Pitfalls.    (line   6)
+* archive, and parallel execution:       Archive Pitfalls.    (line   6)
 * archive, suffix rule for:              Archive Suffix Rules.
-* Arg list too long:                     Options/Recursion.
-* arguments of functions:                Syntax of Functions.
-* as <1>:                                Implicit Variables.
-* as:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* assembly, rule to compile:             Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* Arg list too long:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  57)
+* arguments of functions:                Syntax of Functions. (line   6)
+* as <1>:                                Implicit Variables.  (line  44)
+* as:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  79)
+* assembly, rule to compile:             Catalogue of Rules.  (line  79)
 * automatic generation of prerequisites <1>: Automatic Prerequisites.
-* automatic generation of prerequisites: Include.
-* automatic variables:                   Automatic Variables.
-* automatic variables in prerequisites:  Automatic Variables.
-* backquotes:                            Shell Function.
-* backslash (\), for continuation lines: Simple Makefile.
-* backslash (\), in commands:            Execution.
-* backslash (\), to quote % <1>:         Text Functions.
-* backslash (\), to quote % <2>:         Static Usage.
-* backslash (\), to quote %:             Selective Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* automatic generation of prerequisites: Include.             (line  50)
+* automatic variables:                   Automatic Variables. (line   6)
+* automatic variables in prerequisites:  Automatic Variables. (line  17)
+* backquotes:                            Shell Function.      (line   6)
+* backslash (\), for continuation lines: Simple Makefile.     (line  40)
+* backslash (\), in commands:            Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* backslash (\), to quote % <1>:         Text Functions.      (line  26)
+* backslash (\), to quote % <2>:         Static Usage.        (line  37)
+* backslash (\), to quote %:             Selective Search.    (line  38)
 * backslashes in pathnames and wildcard expansion: Wildcard Pitfall.
-* basename:                              File Name Functions.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* basename:                              File Name Functions. (line  57)
 * binary packages:                       Install Command Categories.
-* broken pipe:                           Parallel.
-* bugs, reporting:                       Bugs.
-* built-in special targets:              Special Targets.
-* C++, rule to compile:                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* C, rule to compile:                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* cc <1>:                                Implicit Variables.
-* cc:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* cd (shell command) <1>:                MAKE Variable.
-* cd (shell command):                    Execution.
-* chains of rules:                       Chained Rules.
-* check (standard target):               Goals.
-* clean (standard target):               Goals.
-* clean target <1>:                      Cleanup.
-* clean target:                          Simple Makefile.
-* cleaning up:                           Cleanup.
-* clobber (standard target):             Goals.
-* co <1>:                                Implicit Variables.
-* co:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line  80)
+* broken pipe:                           Parallel.            (line  30)
+* bugs, reporting:                       Bugs.                (line   6)
+* built-in special targets:              Special Targets.     (line   6)
+* C++, rule to compile:                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line  39)
+* C, rule to compile:                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  35)
+* cc <1>:                                Implicit Variables.  (line  47)
+* cc:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  35)
+* cd (shell command) <1>:                MAKE Variable.       (line  16)
+* cd (shell command):                    Execution.           (line  10)
+* chains of rules:                       Chained Rules.       (line   6)
+* check (standard target):               Goals.               (line 114)
+* clean (standard target):               Goals.               (line  75)
+* clean target <1>:                      Cleanup.             (line  11)
+* clean target:                          Simple Makefile.     (line  83)
+* cleaning up:                           Cleanup.             (line   6)
+* clobber (standard target):             Goals.               (line  86)
+* co <1>:                                Implicit Variables.  (line  56)
+* co:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line 164)
 * combining rules by prerequisite:       Combine By Prerequisite.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * command line variable definitions, and recursion: Options/Recursion.
-* command line variables:                Overriding.
-* commands:                              Rule Syntax.
-* commands, backslash (\) in:            Execution.
-* commands, comments in:                 Commands.
-* commands, echoing:                     Echoing.
-* commands, empty:                       Empty Commands.
-* commands, errors in:                   Errors.
-* commands, execution:                   Execution.
-* commands, execution in parallel:       Parallel.
-* commands, expansion:                   Shell Function.
-* commands, how to write:                Commands.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* command line variables:                Overriding.          (line   6)
+* command syntax:                        Command Syntax.      (line   6)
+* commands:                              Rule Syntax.         (line  26)
+* commands setting shell variables:      Execution.           (line  10)
+* commands, backslash (\) in:            Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* commands, comments in:                 Command Syntax.      (line  27)
+* commands, echoing:                     Echoing.             (line   6)
+* commands, empty:                       Empty Commands.      (line   6)
+* commands, errors in:                   Errors.              (line   6)
+* commands, execution:                   Execution.           (line   6)
+* commands, execution in parallel:       Parallel.            (line   6)
+* commands, expansion:                   Shell Function.      (line   6)
+* commands, how to write:                Commands.            (line   6)
 * commands, instead of executing:        Instead of Execution.
-* commands, introduction to:             Rule Introduction.
-* commands, quoting newlines in:         Execution.
-* commands, sequences of:                Sequences.
-* comments, in commands:                 Commands.
-* comments, in makefile:                 Makefile Contents.
-* compatibility:                         Features.
-* compatibility in exporting:            Variables/Recursion.
-* compilation, testing:                  Testing.
-* computed variable name:                Computed Names.
-* conditional expansion:                 If Function.
-* conditional variable assignment:       Flavors.
-* conditionals:                          Conditionals.
-* continuation lines:                    Simple Makefile.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* commands, introduction to:             Rule Introduction.   (line   8)
+* commands, quoting newlines in:         Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* commands, sequences of:                Sequences.           (line   6)
+* commands, splitting:                   Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* commands, using variables in:          Variables in Commands.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* comments, in commands:                 Command Syntax.      (line  27)
+* comments, in makefile:                 Makefile Contents.   (line  41)
+* compatibility:                         Features.            (line   6)
+* compatibility in exporting:            Variables/Recursion. (line 105)
+* compilation, testing:                  Testing.             (line   6)
+* computed variable name:                Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* conditional expansion:                 Conditional Functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* conditional variable assignment:       Flavors.             (line 129)
+* conditionals:                          Conditionals.        (line   6)
+* continuation lines:                    Simple Makefile.     (line  40)
 * controlling make:                      Make Control Functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * conventions for makefiles:             Makefile Conventions.
-* ctangle <1>:                           Implicit Variables.
-* ctangle:                               Catalogue of Rules.
-* cweave <1>:                            Implicit Variables.
-* cweave:                                Catalogue of Rules.
-* data base of make rules:               Options Summary.
-* deducing commands (implicit rules):    make Deduces.
-* default directories for included makefiles: Include.
-* default goal <1>:                      Rules.
-* default goal:                          How Make Works.
-* default makefile name:                 Makefile Names.
-* default rules, last-resort:            Last Resort.
-* define, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.
-* defining variables verbatim:           Defining.
-* deletion of target files <1>:          Interrupts.
-* deletion of target files:              Errors.
-* directive:                             Makefile Contents.
-* directories, printing them:            -w Option.
-* directories, updating archive symbol:  Archive Symbols.
-* directory part:                        File Name Functions.
-* directory search (VPATH):              Directory Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ctangle <1>:                           Implicit Variables.  (line 107)
+* ctangle:                               Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* cweave <1>:                            Implicit Variables.  (line 101)
+* cweave:                                Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* data base of make rules:               Options Summary.     (line 155)
+* deducing commands (implicit rules):    make Deduces.        (line   6)
+* default directories for included makefiles: Include.        (line  52)
+* default goal <1>:                      Rules.               (line  11)
+* default goal:                          How Make Works.      (line  11)
+* default makefile name:                 Makefile Names.      (line   6)
+* default rules, last-resort:            Last Resort.         (line   6)
+* define, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.   (line  33)
+* defining variables verbatim:           Defining.            (line   6)
+* deletion of target files <1>:          Interrupts.          (line   6)
+* deletion of target files:              Errors.              (line  64)
+* directive:                             Makefile Contents.   (line  28)
+* directories, printing them:            -w Option.           (line   6)
+* directories, updating archive symbol:  Archive Symbols.     (line   6)
+* directory part:                        File Name Functions. (line  17)
+* directory search (VPATH):              Directory Search.    (line   6)
 * directory search (VPATH), and implicit rules: Implicit/Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * directory search (VPATH), and link libraries: Libraries/Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * directory search (VPATH), and shell commands: Commands/Search.
-* directory search algorithm:            Search Algorithm.
-* directory search, traditional (GPATH): Search Algorithm.
-* dist (standard target):                Goals.
-* distclean (standard target):           Goals.
-* dollar sign ($), in function call:     Syntax of Functions.
-* dollar sign ($), in rules:             Rule Syntax.
-* dollar sign ($), in variable name:     Computed Names.
-* dollar sign ($), in variable reference: Reference.
-* double-colon rules:                    Double-Colon.
-* duplicate words, removing:             Text Functions.
-* E2BIG:                                 Options/Recursion.
-* echoing of commands:                   Echoing.
-* editor:                                Introduction.
-* Emacs (M-x compile):                   Errors.
-* empty commands:                        Empty Commands.
-* empty targets:                         Empty Targets.
-* environment:                           Environment.
-* environment, and recursion:            Variables/Recursion.
-* environment, SHELL in:                 Execution.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* directory search algorithm:            Search Algorithm.    (line   6)
+* directory search, traditional (GPATH): Search Algorithm.    (line  42)
+* dist (standard target):                Goals.               (line 106)
+* distclean (standard target):           Goals.               (line  84)
+* dollar sign ($), in function call:     Syntax of Functions. (line   6)
+* dollar sign ($), in rules:             Rule Syntax.         (line  32)
+* dollar sign ($), in variable name:     Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* dollar sign ($), in variable reference: Reference.          (line   6)
+* DOS, choosing a shell in:              Choosing the Shell.  (line  36)
+* double-colon rules:                    Double-Colon.        (line   6)
+* duplicate words, removing:             Text Functions.      (line 155)
+* E2BIG:                                 Options/Recursion.   (line  57)
+* echoing of commands:                   Echoing.             (line   6)
+* editor:                                Introduction.        (line  22)
+* Emacs (M-x compile):                   Errors.              (line  62)
+* empty commands:                        Empty Commands.      (line   6)
+* empty targets:                         Empty Targets.       (line   6)
+* environment:                           Environment.         (line   6)
+* environment, and recursion:            Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* environment, SHELL in:                 Choosing the Shell.  (line  10)
 * error, stopping on:                    Make Control Functions.
-* errors (in commands):                  Errors.
-* errors with wildcards:                 Wildcard Pitfall.
-* evaluating makefile syntax:            Eval Function.
-* execution, in parallel:                Parallel.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* errors (in commands):                  Errors.              (line   6)
+* errors with wildcards:                 Wildcard Pitfall.    (line   6)
+* evaluating makefile syntax:            Eval Function.       (line   6)
+* execution, in parallel:                Parallel.            (line   6)
 * execution, instead of:                 Instead of Execution.
-* execution, of commands:                Execution.
-* exit status (errors):                  Errors.
-* explicit rule, definition of:          Makefile Contents.
-* explicit rule, expansion:              Reading Makefiles.
-* exporting variables:                   Variables/Recursion.
-* f77 <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
-* f77:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* execution, of commands:                Execution.           (line   6)
+* exit status (errors):                  Errors.              (line   6)
+* exit status of make:                   Running.             (line  18)
+* expansion, secondary:                  Secondary Expansion. (line   6)
+* explicit rule, definition of:          Makefile Contents.   (line  10)
+* explicit rule, expansion:              Reading Makefiles.   (line  62)
+* explicit rules, secondary expansion of: Secondary Expansion.
+                                                              (line 106)
+* exporting variables:                   Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* f77 <1>:                               Implicit Variables.  (line  64)
+* f77:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line  49)
 * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.
-* features of GNU make:                  Features.
-* features, missing:                     Missing.
-* file name functions:                   File Name Functions.
-* file name of makefile:                 Makefile Names.
-* file name of makefile, how to specify: Makefile Names.
-* file name prefix, adding:              File Name Functions.
-* file name suffix:                      File Name Functions.
-* file name suffix, adding:              File Name Functions.
-* file name with wildcards:              Wildcards.
-* file name, basename of:                File Name Functions.
-* file name, directory part:             File Name Functions.
-* file name, nondirectory part:          File Name Functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* features of GNU make:                  Features.            (line   6)
+* features, missing:                     Missing.             (line   6)
+* file name functions:                   File Name Functions. (line   6)
+* file name of makefile:                 Makefile Names.      (line   6)
+* file name of makefile, how to specify: Makefile Names.      (line  30)
+* file name prefix, adding:              File Name Functions. (line  79)
+* file name suffix:                      File Name Functions. (line  43)
+* file name suffix, adding:              File Name Functions. (line  68)
+* file name with wildcards:              Wildcards.           (line   6)
+* file name, abspath of:                 File Name Functions. (line 121)
+* file name, basename of:                File Name Functions. (line  57)
+* file name, directory part:             File Name Functions. (line  17)
+* file name, nondirectory part:          File Name Functions. (line  27)
+* file name, realpath of:                File Name Functions. (line 114)
 * files, assuming new:                   Instead of Execution.
+                                                              (line  33)
 * files, assuming old:                   Avoiding Compilation.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * files, avoiding recompilation of:      Avoiding Compilation.
-* files, intermediate:                   Chained Rules.
-* filtering out words:                   Text Functions.
-* filtering words:                       Text Functions.
-* finding strings:                       Text Functions.
-* flags:                                 Options Summary.
-* flags for compilers:                   Implicit Variables.
-* flavors of variables:                  Flavors.
-* FORCE:                                 Force Targets.
-* force targets:                         Force Targets.
-* Fortran, rule to compile:              Catalogue of Rules.
-* functions:                             Functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* files, intermediate:                   Chained Rules.       (line  16)
+* filtering out words:                   Text Functions.      (line 132)
+* filtering words:                       Text Functions.      (line 114)
+* finding strings:                       Text Functions.      (line 103)
+* flags:                                 Options Summary.     (line   6)
+* flags for compilers:                   Implicit Variables.  (line   6)
+* flavor of variable:                    Flavor Function.     (line   6)
+* flavors of variables:                  Flavors.             (line   6)
+* FORCE:                                 Force Targets.       (line   6)
+* force targets:                         Force Targets.       (line   6)
+* Fortran, rule to compile:              Catalogue of Rules.  (line  49)
+* functions:                             Functions.           (line   6)
 * functions, for controlling make:       Make Control Functions.
-* functions, for file names:             File Name Functions.
-* functions, for text:                   Text Functions.
-* functions, syntax of:                  Syntax of Functions.
-* functions, user defined:               Call Function.
-* g++ <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
-* g++:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* gcc:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* functions, for file names:             File Name Functions. (line   6)
+* functions, for text:                   Text Functions.      (line   6)
+* functions, syntax of:                  Syntax of Functions. (line   6)
+* functions, user defined:               Call Function.       (line   6)
+* g++ <1>:                               Implicit Variables.  (line  53)
+* g++:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line  39)
+* gcc:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line  35)
 * generating prerequisites automatically <1>: Automatic Prerequisites.
-* generating prerequisites automatically: Include.
-* get <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
-* get:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* globbing (wildcards):                  Wildcards.
-* goal:                                  How Make Works.
-* goal, default <1>:                     Rules.
-* goal, default:                         How Make Works.
-* goal, how to specify:                  Goals.
-* home directory:                        Wildcards.
-* IEEE Standard 1003.2:                  Overview.
-* ifdef, expansion:                      Reading Makefiles.
-* ifeq, expansion:                       Reading Makefiles.
-* ifndef, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.
-* ifneq, expansion:                      Reading Makefiles.
-* implicit rule:                         Implicit Rules.
-* implicit rule, and directory search:   Implicit/Search.
-* implicit rule, and VPATH:              Implicit/Search.
-* implicit rule, definition of:          Makefile Contents.
-* implicit rule, expansion:              Reading Makefiles.
-* implicit rule, how to use:             Using Implicit.
-* implicit rule, introduction to:        make Deduces.
-* implicit rule, predefined:             Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* generating prerequisites automatically: Include.            (line  50)
+* get <1>:                               Implicit Variables.  (line  67)
+* get:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line 173)
+* globbing (wildcards):                  Wildcards.           (line   6)
+* goal:                                  How Make Works.      (line  11)
+* goal, default <1>:                     Rules.               (line  11)
+* goal, default:                         How Make Works.      (line  11)
+* goal, how to specify:                  Goals.               (line   6)
+* home directory:                        Wildcards.           (line  11)
+* IEEE Standard 1003.2:                  Overview.            (line  13)
+* ifdef, expansion:                      Reading Makefiles.   (line  51)
+* ifeq, expansion:                       Reading Makefiles.   (line  51)
+* ifndef, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.   (line  51)
+* ifneq, expansion:                      Reading Makefiles.   (line  51)
+* implicit rule:                         Implicit Rules.      (line   6)
+* implicit rule, and directory search:   Implicit/Search.     (line   6)
+* implicit rule, and VPATH:              Implicit/Search.     (line   6)
+* implicit rule, definition of:          Makefile Contents.   (line  16)
+* implicit rule, expansion:              Reading Makefiles.   (line  62)
+* implicit rule, how to use:             Using Implicit.      (line   6)
+* implicit rule, introduction to:        make Deduces.        (line   6)
+* implicit rule, predefined:             Catalogue of Rules.  (line   6)
 * implicit rule, search algorithm:       Implicit Rule Search.
-* included makefiles, default directories: Include.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* implicit rules, secondary expansion of: Secondary Expansion.
+                                                              (line 146)
+* included makefiles, default directories: Include.           (line  52)
 * including (MAKEFILE_LIST variable):    MAKEFILE_LIST Variable.
-* including (MAKEFILES variable):        MAKEFILES Variable.
-* including other makefiles:             Include.
-* incompatibilities:                     Missing.
-* Info, rule to format:                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* install (standard target):             Goals.
-* intermediate files:                    Chained Rules.
-* intermediate files, preserving:        Chained Rules.
-* intermediate targets, explicit:        Special Targets.
-* interrupt:                             Interrupts.
-* job slots:                             Parallel.
-* job slots, and recursion:              Options/Recursion.
-* jobs, limiting based on load:          Parallel.
-* joining lists of words:                File Name Functions.
-* killing (interruption):                Interrupts.
-* last-resort default rules:             Last Resort.
-* ld:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* lex <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
-* lex:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* Lex, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.
-* libraries for linking, directory search: Libraries/Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* including (MAKEFILES variable):        MAKEFILES Variable.  (line   6)
+* including other makefiles:             Include.             (line   6)
+* incompatibilities:                     Missing.             (line   6)
+* Info, rule to format:                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* install (standard target):             Goals.               (line  92)
+* intermediate files:                    Chained Rules.       (line  16)
+* intermediate files, preserving:        Chained Rules.       (line  46)
+* intermediate targets, explicit:        Special Targets.     (line  44)
+* interrupt:                             Interrupts.          (line   6)
+* job slots:                             Parallel.            (line   6)
+* job slots, and recursion:              Options/Recursion.   (line  25)
+* jobs, limiting based on load:          Parallel.            (line  57)
+* joining lists of words:                File Name Functions. (line  90)
+* killing (interruption):                Interrupts.          (line   6)
+* last-resort default rules:             Last Resort.         (line   6)
+* ld:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  86)
+* lex <1>:                               Implicit Variables.  (line  71)
+* lex:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line 124)
+* Lex, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.  (line 124)
+* libraries for linking, directory search: Libraries/Search.  (line   6)
 * library archive, suffix rule for:      Archive Suffix Rules.
-* limiting jobs based on load:           Parallel.
-* link libraries, and directory search:  Libraries/Search.
-* link libraries, patterns matching:     Libraries/Search.
-* linking, predefined rule for:          Catalogue of Rules.
-* lint:                                  Catalogue of Rules.
-* lint, rule to run:                     Catalogue of Rules.
-* list of all prerequisites:             Automatic Variables.
-* list of changed prerequisites:         Automatic Variables.
-* load average:                          Parallel.
-* loops in variable expansion:           Flavors.
-* lpr (shell command) <1>:               Empty Targets.
-* lpr (shell command):                   Wildcard Examples.
-* m2c:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* macro:                                 Using Variables.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* limiting jobs based on load:           Parallel.            (line  57)
+* link libraries, and directory search:  Libraries/Search.    (line   6)
+* link libraries, patterns matching:     Libraries/Search.    (line   6)
+* linking, predefined rule for:          Catalogue of Rules.  (line  86)
+* lint <1>:                              Implicit Variables.  (line  78)
+* lint:                                  Catalogue of Rules.  (line 146)
+* lint, rule to run:                     Catalogue of Rules.  (line 146)
+* list of all prerequisites:             Automatic Variables. (line  61)
+* list of changed prerequisites:         Automatic Variables. (line  51)
+* load average:                          Parallel.            (line  57)
+* loops in variable expansion:           Flavors.             (line  44)
+* lpr (shell command) <1>:               Empty Targets.       (line  25)
+* lpr (shell command):                   Wildcard Examples.   (line  21)
+* m2c <1>:                               Implicit Variables.  (line  81)
+* m2c:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line  74)
+* macro:                                 Using Variables.     (line  10)
 * make depend:                           Automatic Prerequisites.
-* MAKECMDGOALS:                          Goals.
-* makefile:                              Introduction.
-* makefile name:                         Makefile Names.
-* makefile name, how to specify:         Makefile Names.
-* makefile rule parts:                   Rule Introduction.
-* makefile syntax, evaluating:           Eval Function.
-* makefile, and MAKEFILES variable:      MAKEFILES Variable.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* makefile:                              Introduction.        (line   7)
+* makefile name:                         Makefile Names.      (line   6)
+* makefile name, how to specify:         Makefile Names.      (line  30)
+* makefile rule parts:                   Rule Introduction.   (line   6)
+* makefile syntax, evaluating:           Eval Function.       (line   6)
+* makefile, and MAKEFILES variable:      MAKEFILES Variable.  (line   6)
 * makefile, conventions for:             Makefile Conventions.
-* makefile, how make processes:          How Make Works.
-* makefile, how to write:                Makefiles.
-* makefile, including:                   Include.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* makefile, how make processes:          How Make Works.      (line   6)
+* makefile, how to write:                Makefiles.           (line   6)
+* makefile, including:                   Include.             (line   6)
 * makefile, overriding:                  Overriding Makefiles.
-* makefile, parsing:                     Reading Makefiles.
-* makefile, remaking of:                 Remaking Makefiles.
-* makefile, simple:                      Simple Makefile.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* makefile, parsing:                     Reading Makefiles.   (line   6)
+* makefile, remaking of:                 Remaking Makefiles.  (line   6)
+* makefile, simple:                      Simple Makefile.     (line   6)
 * makefiles, and MAKEFILE_LIST variable: MAKEFILE_LIST Variable.
-* makefiles, and special variables:      Special Variables.
-* makeinfo <1>:                          Implicit Variables.
-* makeinfo:                              Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* makefiles, and special variables:      Special Variables.   (line   6)
+* makeinfo <1>:                          Implicit Variables.  (line  88)
+* makeinfo:                              Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
 * match-anything rule:                   Match-Anything Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * match-anything rule, used to override: Overriding Makefiles.
-* missing features:                      Missing.
-* mistakes with wildcards:               Wildcard Pitfall.
-* modified variable reference:           Substitution Refs.
-* Modula-2, rule to compile:             Catalogue of Rules.
-* mostlyclean (standard target):         Goals.
-* multiple rules for one target:         Multiple Rules.
-* multiple rules for one target (::):    Double-Colon.
-* multiple targets:                      Multiple Targets.
-* multiple targets, in pattern rule:     Pattern Intro.
-* name of makefile:                      Makefile Names.
-* name of makefile, how to specify:      Makefile Names.
-* nested variable reference:             Computed Names.
-* newline, quoting, in commands:         Execution.
-* newline, quoting, in makefile:         Simple Makefile.
-* nondirectory part:                     File Name Functions.
-* normal prerequisites:                  Prerequisite Types.
-* OBJ:                                   Variables Simplify.
-* obj:                                   Variables Simplify.
-* OBJECTS:                               Variables Simplify.
-* objects:                               Variables Simplify.
-* OBJS:                                  Variables Simplify.
-* objs:                                  Variables Simplify.
-* old-fashioned suffix rules:            Suffix Rules.
-* options:                               Options Summary.
-* options, and recursion:                Options/Recursion.
-* options, setting from environment:     Options/Recursion.
-* options, setting in makefiles:         Options/Recursion.
-* order of pattern rules:                Pattern Intro.
-* order-only prerequisites:              Prerequisite Types.
-* origin of variable:                    Origin Function.
+                                                              (line  12)
+* missing features:                      Missing.             (line   6)
+* mistakes with wildcards:               Wildcard Pitfall.    (line   6)
+* modified variable reference:           Substitution Refs.   (line   6)
+* Modula-2, rule to compile:             Catalogue of Rules.  (line  74)
+* mostlyclean (standard target):         Goals.               (line  78)
+* multiple rules for one target:         Multiple Rules.      (line   6)
+* multiple rules for one target (::):    Double-Colon.        (line   6)
+* multiple targets:                      Multiple Targets.    (line   6)
+* multiple targets, in pattern rule:     Pattern Intro.       (line  49)
+* name of makefile:                      Makefile Names.      (line   6)
+* name of makefile, how to specify:      Makefile Names.      (line  30)
+* nested variable reference:             Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* newline, quoting, in commands:         Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* newline, quoting, in makefile:         Simple Makefile.     (line  40)
+* nondirectory part:                     File Name Functions. (line  27)
+* normal prerequisites:                  Prerequisite Types.  (line   6)
+* OBJ:                                   Variables Simplify.  (line  20)
+* obj:                                   Variables Simplify.  (line  20)
+* OBJECTS:                               Variables Simplify.  (line  20)
+* objects:                               Variables Simplify.  (line  14)
+* OBJS:                                  Variables Simplify.  (line  20)
+* objs:                                  Variables Simplify.  (line  20)
+* old-fashioned suffix rules:            Suffix Rules.        (line   6)
+* options:                               Options Summary.     (line   6)
+* options, and recursion:                Options/Recursion.   (line   6)
+* options, setting from environment:     Options/Recursion.   (line  81)
+* options, setting in makefiles:         Options/Recursion.   (line  81)
+* order of pattern rules:                Pattern Intro.       (line  57)
+* order-only prerequisites:              Prerequisite Types.  (line   6)
+* origin of variable:                    Origin Function.     (line   6)
 * overriding makefiles:                  Overriding Makefiles.
-* overriding variables with arguments:   Overriding.
-* overriding with override:              Override Directive.
-* parallel execution:                    Parallel.
-* parallel execution, and archive update: Archive Pitfalls.
-* parallel execution, overriding:        Special Targets.
-* parts of makefile rule:                Rule Introduction.
-* Pascal, rule to compile:               Catalogue of Rules.
-* pattern rule:                          Pattern Intro.
-* pattern rule, expansion:               Reading Makefiles.
-* pattern rules, order of:               Pattern Intro.
-* pattern rules, static (not implicit):  Static Pattern.
-* pattern rules, static, syntax of:      Static Usage.
-* pattern-specific variables:            Pattern-specific.
-* pc <1>:                                Implicit Variables.
-* pc:                                    Catalogue of Rules.
-* phony targets:                         Phony Targets.
-* pitfalls of wildcards:                 Wildcard Pitfall.
-* portability:                           Features.
-* POSIX:                                 Overview.
-* POSIX.2:                               Options/Recursion.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* overriding variables with arguments:   Overriding.          (line   6)
+* overriding with override:              Override Directive.  (line   6)
+* parallel execution:                    Parallel.            (line   6)
+* parallel execution, and archive update: Archive Pitfalls.   (line   6)
+* parallel execution, overriding:        Special Targets.     (line 135)
+* parts of makefile rule:                Rule Introduction.   (line   6)
+* Pascal, rule to compile:               Catalogue of Rules.  (line  45)
+* pattern rule:                          Pattern Intro.       (line   6)
+* pattern rule, expansion:               Reading Makefiles.   (line  62)
+* pattern rules, order of:               Pattern Intro.       (line  57)
+* pattern rules, static (not implicit):  Static Pattern.      (line   6)
+* pattern rules, static, syntax of:      Static Usage.        (line   6)
+* pattern-specific variables:            Pattern-specific.    (line   6)
+* pc <1>:                                Implicit Variables.  (line  84)
+* pc:                                    Catalogue of Rules.  (line  45)
+* phony targets:                         Phony Targets.       (line   6)
+* pitfalls of wildcards:                 Wildcard Pitfall.    (line   6)
+* portability:                           Features.            (line   6)
+* POSIX:                                 Overview.            (line  13)
+* POSIX.2:                               Options/Recursion.   (line  60)
 * post-installation commands:            Install Command Categories.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * pre-installation commands:             Install Command Categories.
-* precious targets:                      Special Targets.
-* predefined rules and variables, printing: Options Summary.
-* prefix, adding:                        File Name Functions.
-* prerequisite:                          Rules.
-* prerequisite pattern, implicit:        Pattern Intro.
-* prerequisite pattern, static (not implicit): Static Usage.
-* prerequisite types:                    Prerequisite Types.
-* prerequisite, expansion:               Reading Makefiles.
-* prerequisites:                         Rule Syntax.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* precious targets:                      Special Targets.     (line  29)
+* predefined rules and variables, printing: Options Summary.  (line 155)
+* prefix, adding:                        File Name Functions. (line  79)
+* prerequisite:                          Rules.               (line   6)
+* prerequisite pattern, implicit:        Pattern Intro.       (line  22)
+* prerequisite pattern, static (not implicit): Static Usage.  (line  30)
+* prerequisite types:                    Prerequisite Types.  (line   6)
+* prerequisite, expansion:               Reading Makefiles.   (line  62)
+* prerequisites:                         Rule Syntax.         (line  46)
 * prerequisites, and automatic variables: Automatic Variables.
+                                                              (line  17)
 * prerequisites, automatic generation <1>: Automatic Prerequisites.
-* prerequisites, automatic generation:   Include.
-* prerequisites, introduction to:        Rule Introduction.
-* prerequisites, list of all:            Automatic Variables.
-* prerequisites, list of changed:        Automatic Variables.
-* prerequisites, normal:                 Prerequisite Types.
-* prerequisites, order-only:             Prerequisite Types.
-* prerequisites, varying (static pattern): Static Pattern.
-* preserving intermediate files:         Chained Rules.
-* preserving with .PRECIOUS <1>:         Chained Rules.
-* preserving with .PRECIOUS:             Special Targets.
-* preserving with .SECONDARY:            Special Targets.
-* print (standard target):               Goals.
-* print target <1>:                      Empty Targets.
-* print target:                          Wildcard Examples.
-* printing directories:                  -w Option.
-* printing of commands:                  Echoing.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* prerequisites, automatic generation:   Include.             (line  50)
+* prerequisites, introduction to:        Rule Introduction.   (line   8)
+* prerequisites, list of all:            Automatic Variables. (line  61)
+* prerequisites, list of changed:        Automatic Variables. (line  51)
+* prerequisites, normal:                 Prerequisite Types.  (line   6)
+* prerequisites, order-only:             Prerequisite Types.  (line   6)
+* prerequisites, varying (static pattern): Static Pattern.    (line   6)
+* preserving intermediate files:         Chained Rules.       (line  46)
+* preserving with .PRECIOUS <1>:         Chained Rules.       (line  56)
+* preserving with .PRECIOUS:             Special Targets.     (line  29)
+* preserving with .SECONDARY:            Special Targets.     (line  49)
+* print (standard target):               Goals.               (line  97)
+* print target <1>:                      Empty Targets.       (line  25)
+* print target:                          Wildcard Examples.   (line  21)
+* printing directories:                  -w Option.           (line   6)
+* printing messages:                     Make Control Functions.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* printing of commands:                  Echoing.             (line   6)
 * printing user warnings:                Make Control Functions.
-* problems and bugs, reporting:          Bugs.
-* problems with wildcards:               Wildcard Pitfall.
-* processing a makefile:                 How Make Works.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* problems and bugs, reporting:          Bugs.                (line   6)
+* problems with wildcards:               Wildcard Pitfall.    (line   6)
+* processing a makefile:                 How Make Works.      (line   6)
 * question mode:                         Instead of Execution.
-* quoting %, in patsubst:                Text Functions.
-* quoting %, in static pattern:          Static Usage.
-* quoting %, in vpath:                   Selective Search.
-* quoting newline, in commands:          Execution.
-* quoting newline, in makefile:          Simple Makefile.
-* Ratfor, rule to compile:               Catalogue of Rules.
-* RCS, rule to extract from:             Catalogue of Rules.
-* reading makefiles:                     Reading Makefiles.
-* README:                                Makefile Names.
-* realclean (standard target):           Goals.
-* recompilation:                         Introduction.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* quoting %, in patsubst:                Text Functions.      (line  26)
+* quoting %, in static pattern:          Static Usage.        (line  37)
+* quoting %, in vpath:                   Selective Search.    (line  38)
+* quoting newline, in commands:          Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* quoting newline, in makefile:          Simple Makefile.     (line  40)
+* Ratfor, rule to compile:               Catalogue of Rules.  (line  49)
+* RCS, rule to extract from:             Catalogue of Rules.  (line 164)
+* reading makefiles:                     Reading Makefiles.   (line   6)
+* README:                                Makefile Names.      (line   9)
+* realclean (standard target):           Goals.               (line  85)
+* realpath:                              File Name Functions. (line 114)
+* recompilation:                         Introduction.        (line  22)
 * recompilation, avoiding:               Avoiding Compilation.
-* recording events with empty targets:   Empty Targets.
-* recursion:                             Recursion.
-* recursion, and -C:                     Options/Recursion.
-* recursion, and -f:                     Options/Recursion.
-* recursion, and -j:                     Options/Recursion.
-* recursion, and -o:                     Options/Recursion.
-* recursion, and -t:                     MAKE Variable.
-* recursion, and -w:                     -w Option.
-* recursion, and -W:                     Options/Recursion.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* recording events with empty targets:   Empty Targets.       (line   6)
+* recursion:                             Recursion.           (line   6)
+* recursion, and -C:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* recursion, and -f:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* recursion, and -j:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  25)
+* recursion, and -o:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
+* recursion, and -t:                     MAKE Variable.       (line  34)
+* recursion, and -w:                     -w Option.           (line  20)
+* recursion, and -W:                     Options/Recursion.   (line  22)
 * recursion, and command line variable definitions: Options/Recursion.
-* recursion, and environment:            Variables/Recursion.
-* recursion, and MAKE variable:          MAKE Variable.
-* recursion, and MAKEFILES variable:     MAKEFILES Variable.
-* recursion, and options:                Options/Recursion.
-* recursion, and printing directories:   -w Option.
-* recursion, and variables:              Variables/Recursion.
-* recursion, level of:                   Variables/Recursion.
-* recursive variable expansion <1>:      Flavors.
-* recursive variable expansion:          Using Variables.
-* recursively expanded variables:        Flavors.
-* reference to variables <1>:            Advanced.
-* reference to variables:                Reference.
-* relinking:                             How Make Works.
-* remaking makefiles:                    Remaking Makefiles.
-* removal of target files <1>:           Interrupts.
-* removal of target files:               Errors.
-* removing duplicate words:              Text Functions.
-* removing targets on failure:           Special Targets.
-* removing, to clean up:                 Cleanup.
-* reporting bugs:                        Bugs.
-* rm:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* rm (shell command) <1>:                Errors.
-* rm (shell command) <2>:                Phony Targets.
-* rm (shell command) <3>:                Wildcard Examples.
-* rm (shell command):                    Simple Makefile.
-* rule commands:                         Commands.
-* rule prerequisites:                    Rule Syntax.
-* rule syntax:                           Rule Syntax.
-* rule targets:                          Rule Syntax.
-* rule, and $:                           Rule Syntax.
-* rule, double-colon (::):               Double-Colon.
-* rule, explicit, definition of:         Makefile Contents.
-* rule, how to write:                    Rules.
-* rule, implicit:                        Implicit Rules.
-* rule, implicit, and directory search:  Implicit/Search.
-* rule, implicit, and VPATH:             Implicit/Search.
-* rule, implicit, chains of:             Chained Rules.
-* rule, implicit, definition of:         Makefile Contents.
-* rule, implicit, how to use:            Using Implicit.
-* rule, implicit, introduction to:       make Deduces.
-* rule, implicit, predefined:            Catalogue of Rules.
-* rule, introduction to:                 Rule Introduction.
-* rule, multiple for one target:         Multiple Rules.
-* rule, no commands or prerequisites:    Force Targets.
-* rule, pattern:                         Pattern Intro.
-* rule, static pattern:                  Static Pattern.
+                                                              (line  17)
+* recursion, and environment:            Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* recursion, and MAKE variable:          MAKE Variable.       (line   6)
+* recursion, and MAKEFILES variable:     MAKEFILES Variable.  (line  14)
+* recursion, and options:                Options/Recursion.   (line   6)
+* recursion, and printing directories:   -w Option.           (line   6)
+* recursion, and variables:              Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* recursion, level of:                   Variables/Recursion. (line 115)
+* recursive variable expansion <1>:      Flavors.             (line   6)
+* recursive variable expansion:          Using Variables.     (line   6)
+* recursively expanded variables:        Flavors.             (line   6)
+* reference to variables <1>:            Advanced.            (line   6)
+* reference to variables:                Reference.           (line   6)
+* relinking:                             How Make Works.      (line  46)
+* remaking makefiles:                    Remaking Makefiles.  (line   6)
+* removal of target files <1>:           Interrupts.          (line   6)
+* removal of target files:               Errors.              (line  64)
+* removing duplicate words:              Text Functions.      (line 155)
+* removing targets on failure:           Special Targets.     (line  68)
+* removing, to clean up:                 Cleanup.             (line   6)
+* reporting bugs:                        Bugs.                (line   6)
+* rm:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line 110)
+* rm (shell command) <1>:                Errors.              (line  27)
+* rm (shell command) <2>:                Phony Targets.       (line  20)
+* rm (shell command) <3>:                Wildcard Examples.   (line  12)
+* rm (shell command):                    Simple Makefile.     (line  83)
+* rule commands:                         Commands.            (line   6)
+* rule prerequisites:                    Rule Syntax.         (line  46)
+* rule syntax:                           Rule Syntax.         (line   6)
+* rule targets:                          Rule Syntax.         (line  18)
+* rule, double-colon (::):               Double-Colon.        (line   6)
+* rule, explicit, definition of:         Makefile Contents.   (line  10)
+* rule, how to write:                    Rules.               (line   6)
+* rule, implicit:                        Implicit Rules.      (line   6)
+* rule, implicit, and directory search:  Implicit/Search.     (line   6)
+* rule, implicit, and VPATH:             Implicit/Search.     (line   6)
+* rule, implicit, chains of:             Chained Rules.       (line   6)
+* rule, implicit, definition of:         Makefile Contents.   (line  16)
+* rule, implicit, how to use:            Using Implicit.      (line   6)
+* rule, implicit, introduction to:       make Deduces.        (line   6)
+* rule, implicit, predefined:            Catalogue of Rules.  (line   6)
+* rule, introduction to:                 Rule Introduction.   (line   6)
+* rule, multiple for one target:         Multiple Rules.      (line   6)
+* rule, no commands or prerequisites:    Force Targets.       (line   6)
+* rule, pattern:                         Pattern Intro.       (line   6)
+* rule, static pattern:                  Static Pattern.      (line   6)
 * rule, static pattern versus implicit:  Static versus Implicit.
-* rule, with multiple targets:           Multiple Targets.
-* s. (SCCS file prefix):                 Catalogue of Rules.
-* SCCS, rule to extract from:            Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* rule, with multiple targets:           Multiple Targets.    (line   6)
+* rules, and $:                          Rule Syntax.         (line  32)
+* s. (SCCS file prefix):                 Catalogue of Rules.  (line 173)
+* SCCS, rule to extract from:            Catalogue of Rules.  (line 173)
 * search algorithm, implicit rule:       Implicit Rule Search.
-* search path for prerequisites (VPATH): Directory Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* search path for prerequisites (VPATH): Directory Search.    (line   6)
 * search path for prerequisites (VPATH), and implicit rules: Implicit/Search.
+                                                              (line   6)
 * search path for prerequisites (VPATH), and link libraries: Libraries/Search.
-* searching for strings:                 Text Functions.
-* secondary files:                       Chained Rules.
-* secondary targets:                     Special Targets.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* searching for strings:                 Text Functions.      (line 103)
+* secondary expansion:                   Secondary Expansion. (line   6)
+* secondary expansion and explicit rules: Secondary Expansion.
+                                                              (line 106)
+* secondary expansion and implicit rules: Secondary Expansion.
+                                                              (line 146)
+* secondary expansion and static pattern rules: Secondary Expansion.
+                                                              (line 138)
+* secondary files:                       Chained Rules.       (line  46)
+* secondary targets:                     Special Targets.     (line  49)
 * sed (shell command):                   Automatic Prerequisites.
-* selecting a word:                      Text Functions.
-* selecting word lists:                  Text Functions.
-* sequences of commands:                 Sequences.
-* setting options from environment:      Options/Recursion.
-* setting options in makefiles:          Options/Recursion.
-* setting variables:                     Setting.
-* several rules for one target:          Multiple Rules.
-* several targets in a rule:             Multiple Targets.
-* shar (standard target):                Goals.
-* shell command:                         Simple Makefile.
-* shell command, and directory search:   Commands/Search.
-* shell command, execution:              Execution.
-* shell command, function for:           Shell Function.
-* shell file name pattern (in include):  Include.
-* shell wildcards (in include):          Include.
-* SHELL, MS-DOS specifics:               Execution.
-* signal:                                Interrupts.
-* silent operation:                      Echoing.
-* simple makefile:                       Simple Makefile.
-* simple variable expansion:             Using Variables.
-* simplifying with variables:            Variables Simplify.
-* simply expanded variables:             Flavors.
-* sorting words:                         Text Functions.
-* spaces, in variable values:            Flavors.
-* spaces, stripping:                     Text Functions.
-* special targets:                       Special Targets.
-* special variables:                     Special Variables.
-* specifying makefile name:              Makefile Names.
-* standard input:                        Parallel.
-* standards conformance:                 Overview.
+                                                              (line  73)
+* selecting a word:                      Text Functions.      (line 159)
+* selecting word lists:                  Text Functions.      (line 168)
+* sequences of commands:                 Sequences.           (line   6)
+* setting options from environment:      Options/Recursion.   (line  81)
+* setting options in makefiles:          Options/Recursion.   (line  81)
+* setting variables:                     Setting.             (line   6)
+* several rules for one target:          Multiple Rules.      (line   6)
+* several targets in a rule:             Multiple Targets.    (line   6)
+* shar (standard target):                Goals.               (line 103)
+* shell command:                         Simple Makefile.     (line  72)
+* shell command, and directory search:   Commands/Search.     (line   6)
+* shell command, execution:              Execution.           (line   6)
+* shell command, function for:           Shell Function.      (line   6)
+* shell file name pattern (in include):  Include.             (line  13)
+* shell variables, setting in commands:  Execution.           (line  10)
+* shell wildcards (in include):          Include.             (line  13)
+* shell, choosing the:                   Choosing the Shell.  (line   6)
+* SHELL, exported value:                 Variables/Recursion. (line  23)
+* SHELL, import from environment:        Environment.         (line  37)
+* shell, in DOS and Windows:             Choosing the Shell.  (line  36)
+* SHELL, MS-DOS specifics:               Choosing the Shell.  (line  42)
+* SHELL, value of:                       Choosing the Shell.  (line   6)
+* signal:                                Interrupts.          (line   6)
+* silent operation:                      Echoing.             (line   6)
+* simple makefile:                       Simple Makefile.     (line   6)
+* simple variable expansion:             Using Variables.     (line   6)
+* simplifying with variables:            Variables Simplify.  (line   6)
+* simply expanded variables:             Flavors.             (line  56)
+* sorting words:                         Text Functions.      (line 146)
+* spaces, in variable values:            Flavors.             (line 103)
+* spaces, stripping:                     Text Functions.      (line  80)
+* special targets:                       Special Targets.     (line   6)
+* special variables:                     Special Variables.   (line   6)
+* specifying makefile name:              Makefile Names.      (line  30)
+* splitting commands:                    Splitting Lines.     (line   6)
+* standard input:                        Parallel.            (line  30)
+* standards conformance:                 Overview.            (line  13)
 * standards for makefiles:               Makefile Conventions.
-* static pattern rule:                   Static Pattern.
-* static pattern rule, syntax of:        Static Usage.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* static pattern rule:                   Static Pattern.      (line   6)
+* static pattern rule, syntax of:        Static Usage.        (line   6)
 * static pattern rule, versus implicit:  Static versus Implicit.
-* stem <1>:                              Pattern Match.
-* stem:                                  Static Usage.
-* stem, variable for:                    Automatic Variables.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* static pattern rules, secondary expansion of: Secondary Expansion.
+                                                              (line 138)
+* stem <1>:                              Pattern Match.       (line   6)
+* stem:                                  Static Usage.        (line  17)
+* stem, variable for:                    Automatic Variables. (line  77)
 * stopping make:                         Make Control Functions.
-* strings, searching for:                Text Functions.
-* stripping whitespace:                  Text Functions.
-* sub-make:                              Variables/Recursion.
-* subdirectories, recursion for:         Recursion.
-* substitution variable reference:       Substitution Refs.
-* suffix rule:                           Suffix Rules.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* strings, searching for:                Text Functions.      (line 103)
+* stripping whitespace:                  Text Functions.      (line  80)
+* sub-make:                              Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* subdirectories, recursion for:         Recursion.           (line   6)
+* substitution variable reference:       Substitution Refs.   (line   6)
+* suffix rule:                           Suffix Rules.        (line   6)
 * suffix rule, for archive:              Archive Suffix Rules.
-* suffix, adding:                        File Name Functions.
-* suffix, function to find:              File Name Functions.
-* suffix, substituting in variables:     Substitution Refs.
-* switches:                              Options Summary.
-* symbol directories, updating archive:  Archive Symbols.
-* syntax of rules:                       Rule Syntax.
-* tab character (in commands):           Rule Syntax.
-* tabs in rules:                         Rule Introduction.
-* TAGS (standard target):                Goals.
-* tangle <1>:                            Implicit Variables.
-* tangle:                                Catalogue of Rules.
-* tar (standard target):                 Goals.
-* target:                                Rules.
-* target pattern, implicit:              Pattern Intro.
-* target pattern, static (not implicit): Static Usage.
-* target, deleting on error:             Errors.
-* target, deleting on interrupt:         Interrupts.
-* target, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.
-* target, multiple in pattern rule:      Pattern Intro.
-* target, multiple rules for one:        Multiple Rules.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* suffix, adding:                        File Name Functions. (line  68)
+* suffix, function to find:              File Name Functions. (line  43)
+* suffix, substituting in variables:     Substitution Refs.   (line   6)
+* switches:                              Options Summary.     (line   6)
+* symbol directories, updating archive:  Archive Symbols.     (line   6)
+* syntax of commands:                    Command Syntax.      (line   6)
+* syntax of rules:                       Rule Syntax.         (line   6)
+* tab character (in commands):           Rule Syntax.         (line  26)
+* tabs in rules:                         Rule Introduction.   (line  21)
+* TAGS (standard target):                Goals.               (line 111)
+* tangle <1>:                            Implicit Variables.  (line 104)
+* tangle:                                Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* tar (standard target):                 Goals.               (line 100)
+* target:                                Rules.               (line   6)
+* target pattern, implicit:              Pattern Intro.       (line   9)
+* target pattern, static (not implicit): Static Usage.        (line  17)
+* target, deleting on error:             Errors.              (line  64)
+* target, deleting on interrupt:         Interrupts.          (line   6)
+* target, expansion:                     Reading Makefiles.   (line  62)
+* target, multiple in pattern rule:      Pattern Intro.       (line  49)
+* target, multiple rules for one:        Multiple Rules.      (line   6)
 * target, touching:                      Instead of Execution.
-* target-specific variables:             Target-specific.
-* targets:                               Rule Syntax.
-* targets without a file:                Phony Targets.
-* targets, built-in special:             Special Targets.
-* targets, empty:                        Empty Targets.
-* targets, force:                        Force Targets.
-* targets, introduction to:              Rule Introduction.
-* targets, multiple:                     Multiple Targets.
-* targets, phony:                        Phony Targets.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* target-specific variables:             Target-specific.     (line   6)
+* targets:                               Rule Syntax.         (line  18)
+* targets without a file:                Phony Targets.       (line   6)
+* targets, built-in special:             Special Targets.     (line   6)
+* targets, empty:                        Empty Targets.       (line   6)
+* targets, force:                        Force Targets.       (line   6)
+* targets, introduction to:              Rule Introduction.   (line   8)
+* targets, multiple:                     Multiple Targets.    (line   6)
+* targets, phony:                        Phony Targets.       (line   6)
 * terminal rule:                         Match-Anything Rules.
-* test (standard target):                Goals.
-* testing compilation:                   Testing.
-* tex <1>:                               Implicit Variables.
-* tex:                                   Catalogue of Rules.
-* TeX, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.
-* texi2dvi <1>:                          Implicit Variables.
-* texi2dvi:                              Catalogue of Rules.
-* Texinfo, rule to format:               Catalogue of Rules.
-* tilde (~):                             Wildcards.
-* touch (shell command) <1>:             Empty Targets.
-* touch (shell command):                 Wildcard Examples.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* test (standard target):                Goals.               (line 115)
+* testing compilation:                   Testing.             (line   6)
+* tex <1>:                               Implicit Variables.  (line  91)
+* tex:                                   Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* TeX, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* texi2dvi <1>:                          Implicit Variables.  (line  95)
+* texi2dvi:                              Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* Texinfo, rule to format:               Catalogue of Rules.  (line 158)
+* tilde (~):                             Wildcards.           (line  11)
+* touch (shell command) <1>:             Empty Targets.       (line  25)
+* touch (shell command):                 Wildcard Examples.   (line  21)
 * touching files:                        Instead of Execution.
-* traditional directory search (GPATH):  Search Algorithm.
-* types of prerequisites:                Prerequisite Types.
-* undefined variables, warning message:  Options Summary.
-* updating archive symbol directories:   Archive Symbols.
-* updating makefiles:                    Remaking Makefiles.
-* user defined functions:                Call Function.
-* value:                                 Using Variables.
-* value, how a variable gets it:         Values.
-* variable:                              Using Variables.
-* variable definition:                   Makefile Contents.
-* variables:                             Variables Simplify.
-* variables, $ in name:                  Computed Names.
-* variables, and implicit rule:          Automatic Variables.
-* variables, appending to:               Appending.
-* variables, automatic:                  Automatic Variables.
-* variables, command line:               Overriding.
-* variables, command line, and recursion: Options/Recursion.
-* variables, computed names:             Computed Names.
-* variables, conditional assignment:     Flavors.
-* variables, defining verbatim:          Defining.
-* variables, environment <1>:            Environment.
-* variables, environment:                Variables/Recursion.
-* variables, exporting:                  Variables/Recursion.
-* variables, flavors:                    Flavors.
-* variables, how they get their values:  Values.
-* variables, how to reference:           Reference.
-* variables, loops in expansion:         Flavors.
-* variables, modified reference:         Substitution Refs.
-* variables, nested references:          Computed Names.
-* variables, origin of:                  Origin Function.
-* variables, overriding:                 Override Directive.
-* variables, overriding with arguments:  Overriding.
-* variables, pattern-specific:           Pattern-specific.
-* variables, recursively expanded:       Flavors.
-* variables, setting:                    Setting.
-* variables, simply expanded:            Flavors.
-* variables, spaces in values:           Flavors.
-* variables, substituting suffix in:     Substitution Refs.
-* variables, substitution reference:     Substitution Refs.
-* variables, target-specific:            Target-specific.
-* variables, unexpanded value:           Value Function.
-* variables, warning for undefined:      Options Summary.
-* varying prerequisites:                 Static Pattern.
-* verbatim variable definition:          Defining.
-* vpath:                                 Directory Search.
-* VPATH, and implicit rules:             Implicit/Search.
-* VPATH, and link libraries:             Libraries/Search.
+                                                              (line  19)
+* traditional directory search (GPATH):  Search Algorithm.    (line  42)
+* types of prerequisites:                Prerequisite Types.  (line   6)
+* undefined variables, warning message:  Options Summary.     (line 251)
+* updating archive symbol directories:   Archive Symbols.     (line   6)
+* updating makefiles:                    Remaking Makefiles.  (line   6)
+* user defined functions:                Call Function.       (line   6)
+* value:                                 Using Variables.     (line   6)
+* value, how a variable gets it:         Values.              (line   6)
+* variable:                              Using Variables.     (line   6)
+* variable definition:                   Makefile Contents.   (line  22)
+* variable references in commands:       Variables in Commands.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* variables:                             Variables Simplify.  (line   6)
+* variables, $ in name:                  Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* variables, and implicit rule:          Automatic Variables. (line   6)
+* variables, appending to:               Appending.           (line   6)
+* variables, automatic:                  Automatic Variables. (line   6)
+* variables, command line:               Overriding.          (line   6)
+* variables, command line, and recursion: Options/Recursion.  (line  17)
+* variables, computed names:             Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* variables, conditional assignment:     Flavors.             (line 129)
+* variables, defining verbatim:          Defining.            (line   6)
+* variables, environment <1>:            Environment.         (line   6)
+* variables, environment:                Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* variables, exporting:                  Variables/Recursion. (line   6)
+* variables, flavor of:                  Flavor Function.     (line   6)
+* variables, flavors:                    Flavors.             (line   6)
+* variables, how they get their values:  Values.              (line   6)
+* variables, how to reference:           Reference.           (line   6)
+* variables, loops in expansion:         Flavors.             (line  44)
+* variables, modified reference:         Substitution Refs.   (line   6)
+* variables, nested references:          Computed Names.      (line   6)
+* variables, origin of:                  Origin Function.     (line   6)
+* variables, overriding:                 Override Directive.  (line   6)
+* variables, overriding with arguments:  Overriding.          (line   6)
+* variables, pattern-specific:           Pattern-specific.    (line   6)
+* variables, recursively expanded:       Flavors.             (line   6)
+* variables, setting:                    Setting.             (line   6)
+* variables, simply expanded:            Flavors.             (line  56)
+* variables, spaces in values:           Flavors.             (line 103)
+* variables, substituting suffix in:     Substitution Refs.   (line   6)
+* variables, substitution reference:     Substitution Refs.   (line   6)
+* variables, target-specific:            Target-specific.     (line   6)
+* variables, unexpanded value:           Value Function.      (line   6)
+* variables, warning for undefined:      Options Summary.     (line 251)
+* varying prerequisites:                 Static Pattern.      (line   6)
+* verbatim variable definition:          Defining.            (line   6)
+* vpath:                                 Directory Search.    (line   6)
+* VPATH, and implicit rules:             Implicit/Search.     (line   6)
+* VPATH, and link libraries:             Libraries/Search.    (line   6)
 * warnings, printing:                    Make Control Functions.
-* weave <1>:                             Implicit Variables.
-* weave:                                 Catalogue of Rules.
-* Web, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.
+                                                              (line  35)
+* weave <1>:                             Implicit Variables.  (line  98)
+* weave:                                 Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
+* Web, rule to run:                      Catalogue of Rules.  (line 151)
 * what if:                               Instead of Execution.
-* whitespace, in variable values:        Flavors.
-* whitespace, stripping:                 Text Functions.
-* wildcard:                              Wildcards.
-* wildcard pitfalls:                     Wildcard Pitfall.
-* wildcard, function:                    File Name Functions.
-* wildcard, in archive member:           Archive Members.
-* wildcard, in include:                  Include.
+                                                              (line  33)
+* whitespace, in variable values:        Flavors.             (line 103)
+* whitespace, stripping:                 Text Functions.      (line  80)
+* wildcard:                              Wildcards.           (line   6)
+* wildcard pitfalls:                     Wildcard Pitfall.    (line   6)
+* wildcard, function:                    File Name Functions. (line 107)
+* wildcard, in archive member:           Archive Members.     (line  36)
+* wildcard, in include:                  Include.             (line  13)
 * wildcards and MS-DOS/MS-Windows backslashes: Wildcard Pitfall.
-* word, selecting a:                     Text Functions.
-* words, extracting first:               Text Functions.
-* words, filtering:                      Text Functions.
-* words, filtering out:                  Text Functions.
-* words, finding number:                 Text Functions.
-* words, iterating over:                 Foreach Function.
-* words, joining lists:                  File Name Functions.
-* words, removing duplicates:            Text Functions.
-* words, selecting lists of:             Text Functions.
-* writing rule commands:                 Commands.
-* writing rules:                         Rules.
-* yacc <1>:                              Implicit Variables.
-* yacc <2>:                              Catalogue of Rules.
-* yacc:                                  Sequences.
-* Yacc, rule to run:                     Catalogue of Rules.
-* ~ (tilde):                             Wildcards.
+                                                              (line  31)
+* Windows, choosing a shell in:          Choosing the Shell.  (line  36)
+* word, selecting a:                     Text Functions.      (line 159)
+* words, extracting first:               Text Functions.      (line 184)
+* words, extracting last:                Text Functions.      (line 197)
+* words, filtering:                      Text Functions.      (line 114)
+* words, filtering out:                  Text Functions.      (line 132)
+* words, finding number:                 Text Functions.      (line 180)
+* words, iterating over:                 Foreach Function.    (line   6)
+* words, joining lists:                  File Name Functions. (line  90)
+* words, removing duplicates:            Text Functions.      (line 155)
+* words, selecting lists of:             Text Functions.      (line 168)
+* writing rule commands:                 Commands.            (line   6)
+* writing rules:                         Rules.               (line   6)
+* yacc <1>:                              Implicit Variables.  (line  75)
+* yacc <2>:                              Catalogue of Rules.  (line 120)
+* yacc:                                  Sequences.           (line  18)
+* Yacc, rule to run:                     Catalogue of Rules.  (line 120)
+* ~ (tilde):                             Wildcards.           (line  11)
 
 
@@ -3307 +4181 @@
 *******************************************
 
+[index]
 * Menu:
 
-* $$(@D):                                Automatic Variables.
-* $$(@F):                                Automatic Variables.
-* $$@:                                   Automatic Variables.
-* $%:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* $(%D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(%F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(*D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(*F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(+D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(+F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(.VARIABLES):                         Special Variables.
-* $(<D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(<F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(?D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(?F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(@D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(@F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(^D):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $(^F):                                 Automatic Variables.
-* $*:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* $*, and static pattern:                Static Usage.
-* $+:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* $<:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* $?:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* $@:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* $^:                                    Automatic Variables.
-* % (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* %D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* %F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* * (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* * (automatic variable), unsupported bizarre usage: Missing.
-* *D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* *F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* + (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* +D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* +F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* .DEFAULT <1>:                          Last Resort.
-* .DEFAULT:                              Special Targets.
-* .DEFAULT, and empty commands:          Empty Commands.
-* .DELETE_ON_ERROR <1>:                  Errors.
-* .DELETE_ON_ERROR:                      Special Targets.
-* .EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES <1>:             Variables/Recursion.
-* .EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:                 Special Targets.
-* .IGNORE <1>:                           Errors.
-* .IGNORE:                               Special Targets.
-* .INTERMEDIATE:                         Special Targets.
-* .LIBPATTERNS:                          Libraries/Search.
-* .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME:                  Special Targets.
-* .NOTPARALLEL:                          Special Targets.
-* .PHONY <1>:                            Special Targets.
-* .PHONY:                                Phony Targets.
-* .POSIX:                                Options/Recursion.
-* .PRECIOUS <1>:                         Interrupts.
-* .PRECIOUS:                             Special Targets.
-* .SECONDARY:                            Special Targets.
-* .SILENT <1>:                           Echoing.
-* .SILENT:                               Special Targets.
-* .SUFFIXES <1>:                         Suffix Rules.
-* .SUFFIXES:                             Special Targets.
-* .VARIABLES (list of variables):        Special Variables.
-* /usr/gnu/include:                      Include.
-* /usr/include:                          Include.
-* /usr/local/include:                    Include.
-* < (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* <D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* <F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* ? (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* ?D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* ?F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* @ (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* @D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* @F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* ^ (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables.
-* ^D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* ^F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables.
-* addprefix:                             File Name Functions.
-* addsuffix:                             File Name Functions.
-* AR:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* ARFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.
-* AS:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* ASFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.
-* basename:                              File Name Functions.
-* bindir:                                Directory Variables.
-* call:                                  Call Function.
-* CC:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* CFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-* CO:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* COFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.
-* COMSPEC:                               Execution.
-* CPP:                                   Implicit Variables.
-* CPPFLAGS:                              Implicit Variables.
-* CTANGLE:                               Implicit Variables.
-* CURDIR:                                Recursion.
-* CWEAVE:                                Implicit Variables.
-* CXX:                                   Implicit Variables.
-* CXXFLAGS:                              Implicit Variables.
-* define:                                Defining.
-* dir:                                   File Name Functions.
-* else:                                  Conditional Syntax.
-* endef:                                 Defining.
-* endif:                                 Conditional Syntax.
+* $%:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  37)
+* $(%D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 129)
+* $(%F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 130)
+* $(*D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 124)
+* $(*F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 125)
+* $(+D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 147)
+* $(+F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 148)
+* $(<D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 137)
+* $(<F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 138)
+* $(?D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 153)
+* $(?F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 154)
+* $(@D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 113)
+* $(@F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 119)
+* $(^D):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 142)
+* $(^F):                                 Automatic Variables. (line 143)
+* $*:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  73)
+* $*, and static pattern:                Static Usage.        (line  81)
+* $+:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  63)
+* $<:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  43)
+* $?:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  48)
+* $@:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  30)
+* $^:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  53)
+* $|:                                    Automatic Variables. (line  69)
+* % (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  37)
+* %D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 129)
+* %F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 130)
+* * (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  73)
+* * (automatic variable), unsupported bizarre usage: Missing. (line  44)
+* *D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 124)
+* *F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 125)
+* + (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  63)
+* +D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 147)
+* +F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 148)
+* .DEFAULT <1>:                          Last Resort.         (line  23)
+* .DEFAULT:                              Special Targets.     (line  20)
+* .DEFAULT, and empty commands:          Empty Commands.      (line  16)
+* .DEFAULT_GOAL (define default goal):   Special Variables.   (line  10)
+* .DELETE_ON_ERROR <1>:                  Errors.              (line  64)
+* .DELETE_ON_ERROR:                      Special Targets.     (line  67)
+* .EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES <1>:             Variables/Recursion. (line  99)
+* .EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:                 Special Targets.     (line 129)
+* .FEATURES (list of supported features): Special Variables.  (line  65)
+* .IGNORE <1>:                           Errors.              (line  30)
+* .IGNORE:                               Special Targets.     (line  74)
+* .INCLUDE_DIRS (list of include directories): Special Variables.
+                                                              (line  98)
+* .INTERMEDIATE:                         Special Targets.     (line  43)
+* .LIBPATTERNS:                          Libraries/Search.    (line   6)
+* .LOW_RESOLUTION_TIME:                  Special Targets.     (line  86)
+* .NOTPARALLEL:                          Special Targets.     (line 134)
+* .PHONY <1>:                            Special Targets.     (line   8)
+* .PHONY:                                Phony Targets.       (line  22)
+* .POSIX:                                Options/Recursion.   (line  60)
+* .PRECIOUS <1>:                         Interrupts.          (line  22)
+* .PRECIOUS:                             Special Targets.     (line  28)
+* .SECONDARY:                            Special Targets.     (line  48)
+* .SECONDEXPANSION <1>:                  Special Targets.     (line  57)
+* .SECONDEXPANSION:                      Secondary Expansion. (line   6)
+* .SILENT <1>:                           Echoing.             (line  24)
+* .SILENT:                               Special Targets.     (line 116)
+* .SUFFIXES <1>:                         Suffix Rules.        (line  61)
+* .SUFFIXES:                             Special Targets.     (line  15)
+* .VARIABLES (list of variables):        Special Variables.   (line  56)
+* /usr/gnu/include:                      Include.             (line  52)
+* /usr/include:                          Include.             (line  52)
+* /usr/local/include:                    Include.             (line  52)
+* < (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  43)
+* <D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 137)
+* <F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 138)
+* ? (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  48)
+* ?D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 153)
+* ?F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 154)
+* @ (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  30)
+* @D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 113)
+* @F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 119)
+* ^ (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  53)
+* ^D (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 142)
+* ^F (automatic variable):               Automatic Variables. (line 143)
+* abspath:                               File Name Functions. (line 121)
+* addprefix:                             File Name Functions. (line  79)
+* addsuffix:                             File Name Functions. (line  68)
+* and:                                   Conditional Functions.
+                                                              (line  45)
+* AR:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  41)
+* ARFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.  (line 117)
+* AS:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  44)
+* ASFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.  (line 120)
+* basename:                              File Name Functions. (line  57)
+* bindir:                                Directory Variables. (line  53)
+* call:                                  Call Function.       (line   6)
+* CC:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  47)
+* CFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 124)
+* CO:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  50)
+* COFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.  (line 130)
+* COMSPEC:                               Choosing the Shell.  (line  39)
+* CPP:                                   Implicit Variables.  (line  59)
+* CPPFLAGS:                              Implicit Variables.  (line 133)
+* CTANGLE:                               Implicit Variables.  (line 107)
+* CURDIR:                                Recursion.           (line  28)
+* CWEAVE:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 101)
+* CXX:                                   Implicit Variables.  (line  53)
+* CXXFLAGS:                              Implicit Variables.  (line 127)
+* define:                                Defining.            (line   6)
+* dir:                                   File Name Functions. (line  17)
+* else:                                  Conditional Syntax.  (line   6)
+* endef:                                 Defining.            (line   6)
+* endif:                                 Conditional Syntax.  (line   6)
 * error:                                 Make Control Functions.
-* eval:                                  Eval Function.
-* exec_prefix:                           Directory Variables.
-* export:                                Variables/Recursion.
-* FC:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* FFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-* filter:                                Text Functions.
-* filter-out:                            Text Functions.
-* findstring:                            Text Functions.
-* firstword:                             Text Functions.
-* foreach:                               Foreach Function.
-* GET:                                   Implicit Variables.
-* GFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-* GNUmakefile:                           Makefile Names.
-* GPATH:                                 Search Algorithm.
-* if:                                    If Function.
-* ifdef:                                 Conditional Syntax.
-* ifeq:                                  Conditional Syntax.
-* ifndef:                                Conditional Syntax.
-* ifneq:                                 Conditional Syntax.
-* include:                               Include.
-* join:                                  File Name Functions.
-* LDFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.
-* LEX:                                   Implicit Variables.
-* LFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-* libexecdir:                            Directory Variables.
-* MAKE <1>:                              Flavors.
-* MAKE:                                  MAKE Variable.
-* MAKECMDGOALS:                          Goals.
-* makefile:                              Makefile Names.
-* Makefile:                              Makefile Names.
-* MAKEFILES <1>:                         Variables/Recursion.
-* MAKEFILES:                             MAKEFILES Variable.
-* MAKEFLAGS:                             Options/Recursion.
-* MAKEINFO:                              Implicit Variables.
-* MAKELEVEL <1>:                         Flavors.
-* MAKELEVEL:                             Variables/Recursion.
-* MAKEOVERRIDES:                         Options/Recursion.
-* MFLAGS:                                Options/Recursion.
-* notdir:                                File Name Functions.
-* origin:                                Origin Function.
-* OUTPUT_OPTION:                         Catalogue of Rules.
-* override:                              Override Directive.
-* patsubst <1>:                          Text Functions.
-* patsubst:                              Substitution Refs.
-* PC:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* PFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-* prefix:                                Directory Variables.
-* RFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-* RM:                                    Implicit Variables.
-* sbindir:                               Directory Variables.
-* shell:                                 Shell Function.
-* SHELL:                                 Execution.
-* SHELL (command execution):             Execution.
-* sort:                                  Text Functions.
-* strip:                                 Text Functions.
-* subst <1>:                             Text Functions.
-* subst:                                 Multiple Targets.
-* suffix:                                File Name Functions.
-* SUFFIXES:                              Suffix Rules.
-* TANGLE:                                Implicit Variables.
-* TEX:                                   Implicit Variables.
-* TEXI2DVI:                              Implicit Variables.
-* unexport:                              Variables/Recursion.
-* value:                                 Value Function.
-* vpath:                                 Selective Search.
-* VPATH:                                 General Search.
-* vpath:                                 Directory Search.
-* VPATH:                                 Directory Search.
+                                                              (line  11)
+* eval:                                  Eval Function.       (line   6)
+* exec_prefix:                           Directory Variables. (line  35)
+* export:                                Variables/Recursion. (line  40)
+* FC:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  63)
+* FFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 137)
+* filter:                                Text Functions.      (line 114)
+* filter-out:                            Text Functions.      (line 132)
+* findstring:                            Text Functions.      (line 103)
+* firstword:                             Text Functions.      (line 184)
+* flavor:                                Flavor Function.     (line   6)
+* foreach:                               Foreach Function.    (line   6)
+* GET:                                   Implicit Variables.  (line  67)
+* GFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 140)
+* GNUmakefile:                           Makefile Names.      (line   7)
+* GPATH:                                 Search Algorithm.    (line  48)
+* if:                                    Conditional Functions.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* ifdef:                                 Conditional Syntax.  (line   6)
+* ifeq:                                  Conditional Syntax.  (line   6)
+* ifndef:                                Conditional Syntax.  (line   6)
+* ifneq:                                 Conditional Syntax.  (line   6)
+* include:                               Include.             (line   6)
+* info:                                  Make Control Functions.
+                                                              (line  43)
+* join:                                  File Name Functions. (line  90)
+* lastword:                              Text Functions.      (line 197)
+* LDFLAGS:                               Implicit Variables.  (line 143)
+* LEX:                                   Implicit Variables.  (line  70)
+* LFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 147)
+* libexecdir:                            Directory Variables. (line  66)
+* LINT:                                  Implicit Variables.  (line  78)
+* LINTFLAGS:                             Implicit Variables.  (line 159)
+* M2C:                                   Implicit Variables.  (line  81)
+* MAKE <1>:                              Flavors.             (line  84)
+* MAKE:                                  MAKE Variable.       (line   6)
+* MAKE_RESTARTS (number of times make has restarted): Special Variables.
+                                                              (line  49)
+* MAKE_VERSION:                          Features.            (line 197)
+* MAKECMDGOALS:                          Goals.               (line  30)
+* makefile:                              Makefile Names.      (line   7)
+* Makefile:                              Makefile Names.      (line   7)
+* MAKEFILE_LIST:                         MAKEFILE_LIST Variable.
+                                                              (line   6)
+* MAKEFILES <1>:                         Variables/Recursion. (line 127)
+* MAKEFILES:                             MAKEFILES Variable.  (line   6)
+* MAKEFLAGS:                             Options/Recursion.   (line   6)
+* MAKEINFO:                              Implicit Variables.  (line  87)
+* MAKELEVEL <1>:                         Flavors.             (line  84)
+* MAKELEVEL:                             Variables/Recursion. (line 115)
+* MAKEOVERRIDES:                         Options/Recursion.   (line  49)
+* MAKESHELL (MS-DOS alternative to SHELL): Choosing the Shell.
+                                                              (line  25)
+* MFLAGS:                                Options/Recursion.   (line  65)
+* notdir:                                File Name Functions. (line  27)
+* or:                                    Conditional Functions.
+                                                              (line  37)
+* origin:                                Origin Function.     (line   6)
+* OUTPUT_OPTION:                         Catalogue of Rules.  (line 202)
+* override:                              Override Directive.  (line   6)
+* patsubst <1>:                          Text Functions.      (line  18)
+* patsubst:                              Substitution Refs.   (line  28)
+* PC:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line  84)
+* PFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 153)
+* prefix:                                Directory Variables. (line  25)
+* realpath:                              File Name Functions. (line 114)
+* RFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 156)
+* RM:                                    Implicit Variables.  (line 110)
+* sbindir:                               Directory Variables. (line  59)
+* shell:                                 Shell Function.      (line   6)
+* SHELL:                                 Choosing the Shell.  (line   6)
+* SHELL (command execution):             Execution.           (line   6)
+* sort:                                  Text Functions.      (line 146)
+* strip:                                 Text Functions.      (line  80)
+* subst <1>:                             Text Functions.      (line   9)
+* subst:                                 Multiple Targets.    (line  28)
+* suffix:                                File Name Functions. (line  43)
+* SUFFIXES:                              Suffix Rules.        (line  81)
+* TANGLE:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 104)
+* TEX:                                   Implicit Variables.  (line  91)
+* TEXI2DVI:                              Implicit Variables.  (line  94)
+* unexport:                              Variables/Recursion. (line  45)
+* value:                                 Value Function.      (line   6)
+* vpath:                                 Selective Search.    (line   6)
+* VPATH:                                 General Search.      (line   6)
+* vpath:                                 Directory Search.    (line   6)
+* VPATH:                                 Directory Search.    (line   6)
 * warning:                               Make Control Functions.
-* WEAVE:                                 Implicit Variables.
-* wildcard <1>:                          File Name Functions.
-* wildcard:                              Wildcard Function.
-* word:                                  Text Functions.
-* wordlist:                              Text Functions.
-* words:                                 Text Functions.
-* YACC:                                  Implicit Variables.
-* YACCR:                                 Implicit Variables.
-* YFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.
-
-
+                                                              (line  35)
+* WEAVE:                                 Implicit Variables.  (line  98)
+* wildcard <1>:                          File Name Functions. (line 107)
+* wildcard:                              Wildcard Function.   (line   6)
+* word:                                  Text Functions.      (line 159)
+* wordlist:                              Text Functions.      (line 168)
+* words:                                 Text Functions.      (line 180)
+* YACC:                                  Implicit Variables.  (line  74)
+* YFLAGS:                                Implicit Variables.  (line 150)
+* | (automatic variable):                Automatic Variables. (line  69)
+
+