Viktor Petrovich Makeyev

The name of the father of the Russian space industry Sergei Pavlovich Korolev is known to everyone since the times of the USSR. But the names of his students, military rocket designers, for a long time kept in the strictest secrecy. The CIA called Viktor Petrovich Makeyev "Ural dragon", not knowing his real, terribly secret name. He was born and passed away on the same calendar day, October 25th. For 61 years he managed to pass through three epochs of sea rocket engineering.

The general designer Viktor Makeyev rightfully is considered the creator of the scientific and design school of the sea strategic missile building of the Soviet Union and Russia. People who knew him said that the character of Makeyev was in some ways akin to the character of Korolev. The same rigidity and exactingness, natural humor and uttermost self-giving in work. Makeev was quite sociable, simple and very friendly person. It's another matter that only people with proven KGB filters were allowed to communicate with him.

Makeev Viktor Petrovich was born in Kolomna, Moscow Region. He graduated from the MAI. S. Ordzhonikidze (1948), Higher Engineering Courses at MVTU them. N.E. Bauman (1950). Viktor Makeev wrote his institute diploma on the theme of designer Werner von Braun, the creator of fascist FAA missiles, who helped the Americans after the war. And in a few years the development of Makeev surpassed the missiles of the famous German. Corresponding Member (1968), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1976). He worked in 0KB-1 SRI-88 MOS, Kaliningrad, Moscow region. (1947-1950, 1952-1955): engineer, leading designer of the R-11 rocket. From 1955 to 1985 he worked in SKB No. 385 (Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering), Zlatoust, Miass, Chelyabinsk Region: Chief Designer, since 1963 - Chief Designer and Chief, since 1976 - General Designer and Head of Design Bureau machine building.

Participant of the creation of the operational-tactical missile R-11, the first marine ballistic missile R-11FM. On the recommendation of S.P.Korolev he was appointed chief designer of the design bureau, to which work was transferred on the R-11, R-11M, R-11FM missiles. The head of the development of ballistic missile submarine (SLBM) missiles adopted for service in the USSR, including the R-21 SLBM launcher - the first missile with underwater launch (1963).

at the EXPO exhibition in Paris, to personally to get acquainted with various technical innovations, he traveled under a strange name, under the guise of the secretary of some diplomat. The embassy was amazed: but why not the most prominent embassy worker has so many guards? And they guarded not the embassy employee, but his "secretary".

The nickname given to him by the Americans, who were not able to "split" his real name - "Ural dragon" - took hold of us. "Ural" - because the main office of the bureau, which he headed, was in Miass in the South Urals, far from the sea. But Makeeva is also considered in Severodvinsk, where strategic atomic bombs were built, and in the Pomor village of Nenoksa, where his missiles were tested at a special "Makeevka" testing range, and in general in the Northern Fleet.

He designed the R-27 SLBM - the first missile with factory refueling fuel, which became the most mass marine missile (1968), the R-29 SLBM, the first naval intercontinental missile (1974), the R-29R SLBM, the first intercontinental missile with a separable warhead (1977), the R-39 missile, the first domestic solid-fueled SLBM intercontinental range with a detachable warhead (1983), cancer you R-29RM - SLBM of the world's highest energy mass perfection (1986).

He was Chief Designer of the operational-tactical missile R-17 or SCUD-B (1962); the world's only anti-ship ballistic missile R-27K, operated on a single submarine (1975). The creator and leader of the national school of marine rocket engineering, which achieved world priority in a number of tactical and technical characteristics and constructive-layout solutions for missiles, control systems, launch systems, which provided the organization and support of serial production and operation of strategic offshore missile systems in fleets. The main priority solutions include: placing engines inside fuel or oxidizer tanks; Exclusion of volumes along the length of the missile not used for fuel; application of astrocorrection on combat rockets; creation of a three-stage war missile; the use of detonating elongated charges for the destruction and separation of rocket elements in flight; use of waist cushioning from elastomeric materials, including those placed on a rocket; factory refueling of a rocket with fuel with ampulization of tanks by welding of filling-drainage valves; transportation of the collected missiles in the refueled condition from the manufacturing plants.

Makeyev served as Chairman of the Scientific Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the mechanics of composite structures (1977-1985). Associate Professor, Head of the Department, Professor of the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic Institute (1960-1962), Head of the Department of MIPT (1981-1985). Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1966-1985). Candidate for membership, member of the CPSU Central Committee (1971-1985). Author of 32 inventions, over 200 printed works, including monographs. Laureate of Lenin (1959), State (1968,1978,1983) prizes of the USSR. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1961, 1974). He was awarded the Order of Lenin (1956, 1961, 1963, 1974, 1984), the October Revolution (1971), USSR medals, S.P.Korolev of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1974).

With the unconditional availability of the qualities of a talented designer and scientist, Victor Petrovich's particularly outstanding features of the chief designer of the complexes were: exceptional organizational skills, meaningful courage, including when a large share of responsibility had to be taken over; ability to respect and trust subcontractors; the ability to connect various structures of power to the solution of problems and go out, the code needed for the first persons of the state.

The last year and a half life of EALTH Victor Petrovich has deteriorated, especially of the heart. Conducting the last SCC in his office in Miass, he invited many leaders from related organizations and ministries; he looked unusually pale and thin. For the first time at the farewell dinner, he kept not a glass of wine, but mineral water. During the dinner break we went out with him to the hall, where he bitterly began to talk about our meeting being the last one. At the end of the summer of 1985 he was hospitalized in Moscow with a stroke. Not wanting to be shown to friends and comrades in a helpless state, he refused visitors. Viktor Petrovich Makeev died on October 25, 1985, just on the day of his 61st birthday. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Honorary citizen of the city of Miass, Chelyabinsk region. (1997, posthumously). His name is Joint Stock Company "State Space Center named after Academician VP Makeev." His name is a prospectus in Miass, a street in Kolomna and Chelyabinsk, a vessel of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Monuments have been established in Miass, Kolomna, PIC. Nenox of the Arkhangelsk Region; memorial plaques in Moscow on the building of the Moscow Aviation Institute named after S. Ordzhonikidze, where he studied; in Miass and Severodvinsk on the houses where he lived; in Zlatoust and in Miass on the buildings where he worked.

The scholarships of his name have been established in the MAI, MIPT, N.G. Kuznetsov. The Cosmonautics Federation established a medal for them. academician V.P. Makeeva (1991) and a medal named after Academician V.P. Makeeva UrB RAS (2015). The Prize was established. V.P. Makeyeva (1988). posthumously). His name is Joint Stock Company "State Space Center named after Academician VP Makeev." His name is a prospectus in Miass, a street in Kolomna and Chelyabinsk, a vessel of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Monuments have been established in Miass, Kolomna, PIC. Nenox of the Arkhangelsk Region; memorial plaques in Moscow on the building of the Moscow Aviation Institute named after S. Ordzhonikidze, where he studied; in Miass and Severodvinsk on the houses where he lived; in Zlatoust and in Miass on the buildings where he worked. The scholarships of his name have been established in the MAI, MIPT, N.G. Kuznetsov. The Cosmonautics Federation established a medal for them. academician V.P. Makeeva (1991) and a medal named after Academician V.P. Makeeva UrB RAS (2015). The Prize was established. V.P. Makeyeva (1988). posthumously). His name is Joint Stock Company "State Space Center named after Academician VP Makeev."

His name is a prospect in Miass, a street in Kolomna and Chelyabinsk, a vessel of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy. Monuments have been established in Miass, Kolomna, PIC. Nenox of the Arkhangelsk Region; memorial plaques in Moscow on the building of the Moscow Aviation Institute named after S. Ordzhonikidze, where he studied; in Miass and Severodvinsk on the houses where he lived; in Zlatoust and in Miass on the buildings where he worked. The scholarships of his name have been established in the MAI, MIPT, N.G. Kuznetsov. The Cosmonautics Federation established a medal for them. academician V.P. Makeeva (1991) and a medal named after Academician V.P. Makeeva UrB RAS (2015). The Prize was established. V.P. Makeyeva (1988).