China References

Basic Documents

• US / PRC Joint Communique February 28, 1972
• US / PRC Joint Communique January 1, 1979
• US / PRC Joint Communique August 17, 1982
• The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China Taiwan Affairs Office & Information Office, State Council - The People's Republic of China - August 1993, Beijing
• White Paper--The One-China Principle and the Taiwan Issue -- The Taiwan Affairs Office and The Information Office of the State Council February 21, 2000

US Government Documents

The White House

• Trump on China; Putting America First The White House Edited by Robert C. O’Brien, Released 02 Nov 2020
• United States Strategic Approach to The People’s Republic of China The White House 20 May 2020 -- "Since the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) established diplomatic relations in 1979, United States policy toward the PRC was largely premised on a hope that deepening engagement would spur fundamental economic and political opening in the PRC and lead to its emergence as a constructive and responsible global stakeholder, with a more open society. More than 40 years later, it has become evident that this approach underestimated the will of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to constrain the scope of economic and political reform in China."

Departent of Defense

• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2023 DoD Released 19 Oct 2023
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2022 DoD Released 29 Nov 2022
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2021 DoD Released 03 Nov 2021
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2020 DoD Released 01 Sep 2020
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2019 DoD Released 02 May 2019
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2018 DoD Released 17 Aug 2018
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2017 DoD Released 06 Jun 2017
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2016 DoD Released 13 May 2016
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2015 DoD Released 08 May 2015
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2014 DoD Released 05 Jun 2014
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013 DoD Released 6 May 2013
• Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2012 DoD Released 18 May 2012
• ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: Military Power of the People's Republic of China - 2011 24 August 2011
• ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: Military Power of the People's Republic of China - 2010 16 August 2010
• ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: Military Power of the People's Republic of China - 2009 24 March 2009
• ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: Military Power of the People's Republic of China - 2008 Released 03 Mar 2008
• ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: Military Power of the People's Republic of China - 2007 Released 25 May 2007
• ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS: Military Power of the People's Republic of China - 2006 Released May 2006
• The Military Power of the People's Republic of China 2005 Office of the Secretary of Defense 19 Jul 2005 [PDF 1.31 MB]
• 2004 REPORT TO CONGRESS ON PRC MILITARY POWER 29 May 2004[PDF 507 Kb]
• 2003 Annual Report on the Military Power of the People's Republic of China [PDF] (July 28, 2003)
• 2002 Annual Report on the Military Power of the People's Republic of China [PDF] (July 12, 2002)
• The Security Situation in the Taiwan Strait Report to Congress -- 26 February 1999
• Future Military Capabilities and Strategy of the People's Republic of China, Report to Congress pursuant to Section 1226 of the FY98 National Defense Authorization Act) (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, November 1998)

Defense Intelligence Agency

• 2019 China Military Power: Modernizing a Force to Fight and Win Defense Intelligence Agency Released 15 Jan 2019
• Handbook of the Chinese People's Liberation Army [8 MB PDF] DDB-2680-32-84 Defense Intelligence Agency; (November 1984).
• Defense Intelligence Agency. People's Republic of China People's Liberation Army Air Force (May 1991, DIC-1300-445-91) [While our copy secured through the FOIA redacts the author's name, Ken Allen identifies himself as the author in multiple sources.]

U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission

• 2023 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2023
• 2022 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2022
• 2021 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission 17 Nov 2021
• 2020 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Dec 2020
• 2019 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2019
• 2018 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2018
• 2017 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2017
• 2016 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2016
• 2015 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2015
• 2014 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2014
• 2013 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2013
• 2012 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Released 15 Nov 2012
• Indigenous Weapons Development in China’s Military Modernization U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Staff Research Report Apr 2012
• 2011 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission> Nov 2011 [PDF]
• 2010 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2010
• 2009 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2009
• 2008 Report To Congress of the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission [PDF 3.87 MB]
• 2007 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2007
• 2006 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2006
• 2005 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Nov 2005
• 2004 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Jun 2004
• 2002 Report To Congress Of The U.S.-China Economic And Security Review Commission Jul 2002

Other

• Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) 2020 Annual Report Congressional-Executive Commission on China Dec 2020, Released 14 Jan 2021

Chinese Sources

• China's Military Strategy China Information Office of the State Council 26 May 2015
• CHINA'S STRATEGIC NUCLEAR WEAPONS Major General Yang Huan, Deputy Commander, Second Artillery
• NUCLEAR SHADOWS ON HIGH-TECH WARFARE Major General Wu Jianguo
• REFORM OF CHINA'S DEFENSE INDUSTRY Shun Zhenhuan, State Planning Commission
• REFORMING DEFENSE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INDUSTRY General Ding Henggao -- Chairman, Commission on Science, Technology and National Defense Industry (COSTIND)
• TRADITIONAL MILITARY THINKING AND THE DEFENSIVE STRATEGY OF CHINA Lieutenant General Li Jijun Vice President of the Academy of Military Science The Chinese People's Liberation Army Letort Paper No. 1 -- August 29, 1997

General Sources

• The People's Liberation Army as Organization: Reference Volume v1.0 James C. Mulvenon and Andrew N. D. Yang eds. (RAND 2002)
• PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY AFTER NEXT Edited by Susan M. Puska Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College August 2000 - An analytical schism has developed over differing assessments of China's military modernization. Underlying this debate are at least two key questions. First, will the ongoing China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) modernization provide China with significant offensive power projection and/or preemptive capability? If so, by when? Second, does the pace and success of China's military modernization constitute a threat to the United States and/or its friends and allies in the Asia-Pacific region?

Strategic Forces

• CHINA'S STRATEGIC MODERNIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES Mark A. Stokes [U.S. Army Strategic Studies Institute] -- September 1999
• The Economics of Proliferation in the People's Republic of China Kevin F. Donovan [1 April 1996]
• Evolution of China's Nuclear Capability: Implications for U.S. Policy James A. Sands [1995]

Conventional Forces

• Assessing the People's Liberation Army in the Hu Jintao Era Edited by Mr. Roy Kamphausen, Dr. David Lai, Mr. Travis Tanner. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College April 2014
• Learning by Doing: The PLA Trains at Home and Abroad Edited by Mr. Roy Kamphausen, Dr. David Lai, Mr. Travis Tanner. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College November 2012
• THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN WEAPONS AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE MODERNIZATION OF CHINA'S PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY by Richard D. Fisher, Jr. Center for Security Policy A Report for the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission January 2004 - While the ability of China's People's Liberation Army to absorb and use foreign military technology has been judged in the past to be fair to mediocre, this study, in two parts offers new observations and conclusions. Starting from the fact that the People's Republic of China is now the world's largest importer of weapons and military technologies, its ability to sustain this buying binge is having new cumulative effects.
• The People's Liberation Army and China in Transition edited by Stephen J. Flanagan & Michael E. Marti Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University August 2003 [8 MB PDF]
• CHINESE ARMY BUILDING IN THE ERA OF JIANG ZEMIN Andrew Scobell Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College, Carlisle Barracks July 2000
• THE PLA AND THE KOSOVO CONFLICT June Teufel Dreyer Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College, Carlisle Barracks May 2000
• CHINA DEBATES the FUTURE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT MICHAEL PILLSBURY National Defense University Press January 2000
• CHINESE ARMS EXPORTS: POLICY, PLAYERS AND PROCESS Evan S. Medeiros & Bates Gill Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College, Carlisle Barracks July 2000
• THE CHINESE ARMED FORCES IN THE 21ST CENTURY Edited by Larry M. Wortzel Strategic Studies Institute, United States Army War College, Carlisle Barracks December 1999
• Prognosis for China by Sidney Trevethan [Revision 4, November 1999] It appears the PLAN can deliver about two Agroup armies@ (i.e., corps) of amphibious units by ships and another two by large LCU type landing craft. In addition, it can deliver at least three or four more by merchant ships to any operating port.
• THE CHINESE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY: "SHORT ARMS AND SLOW LEGS" Russell D. Howard, USAF Institute for National Security Studies Occasional Paper 28 -- September 1999

• PLA Colonels : "Unrestricted Warfare": Part I -- November 1999 report from U.S. Embassy Beijing
• PLA Colonels : "Unrestricted Warfare": Part II -- November 1999 report from U.S. Embassy Beijing
• PLA Senior Colonels On Globalism And New Tactics: "Unrestricted Warfare": Part III
• PLA Senior Colonels On Strategy And Geopolitics: "Unrestricted Warfare": Part IV

• Mainland China's (PRC) Military Situation Chapter 3 in Republic of China 1998 National Defense Report [April 1998]
• Chinese Views of Future Warfare edited by Michael Pillsbury, Institute for National Strategic Studies [1998]
• CHINA'S MILITARY POTENTIAL Larry M. Wortzel US Army Strategic Studies Institute October 2, 1998
• Military Modernization in the People's Republic of China--Implications for the United States and the Region David B. Mathews; James M. Norris (Faculty Advisor) Air Command and Staff College 1998 -- Economic reform in the People's Republic of China (PRC) has actually slowed military modernization efforts and hindered indigenous defense production.
• THE DYNAMICS OF RUSSIAN WEAPON SALES TO CHINA Stephen J. Blank US Army Strategic Studies Institute March 4, 1997
• Evaluating Chinese Military Procurement from Russia Dennis J. Blasko, Joint Forces Quarterly Autumn/Winter 1997-98 [540 kb PDF] Many reported deals are never consummated. Purchases and technology transfers have been limited because of Chinese financial constraints and Russian strategic suspicions.
• The Gulf War -- Lessons for Chinese Military S&T A report from U.S. Embassy Beijing November 1996
• CHINA AND THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS Bates Gill & Lonnie Henley US Army Strategic Studies Institute May 20, 1996
• CHINA'S STRATEGIC VIEW: THE ROLE OF THE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY June Teufel Dreyer -- April 25, 1996
• The PLA In Search of a Strategic Focus Ronald N. Montaperto Joint Forces Quarterly Spring 1995 [404 kb PDF]

Science & Technology

• U.S. Commercial Technology Transfers to the People's Republic of China Defense Market Research Report Bureau of Export Administration, Office of Strategic Industries and Economic Security -- January 1999
• Science and Education for a Prosperous China: Lessons From Abroad A report from U.S. Embassy Beijing November 1996
• PRC State Council "Decision on Accelerating S&T Development" A report from U.S. Embassy Beijing November 1996
• Chinese Challenges in Absorbing and Producing New Technology A report from U.S. Embassy Beijing December 1996
• China's Science and Technology Policy for the Twenty-First Century -- A View From the Top A Report from U.S. Embassy Beijing November 1996
• "Science and Education for a Prosperous China" -- A Brutal and Frank Assessment A report from U.S. Embassy Beijing November 1996
• China's S&T Policy: A View From Within A report from U.S. Embassy Beijing December 1996

Politico-Military Trends

• OVERCOMING UNCERTAINTY: U.S.-CHINA STRATEGIC RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Walter Neal Anderson, USAF Institute for National Security Studies Occasional Paper 29, October 1999
• STRATEGIC TRENDS IN CHINA - NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY 1998
  • Strategic Perspectives James Lilley and Richard Solomon
  • Defense Policy and Posture I Richard Fisher and Paul H. B. Godwin
  • Defense Policy and Posture II John Culver and Michael Pillsbury
  • Nuclear Issues Michael Nacht and Tom Woodrow
  • Taiwan and the South China Sea Ralph Clough and Scott Snyder
• China's Future Intent: Responsible World Power or International Rogue State Brian A. Simpson; Robert H. Hendricks (Faculty Advisor) Air Command and Staff College 1997
• East-West "Giants' On Collison Course Underlying Causes For Future Us-China Conflict Michael J Wallace Air Command and Staff College 1997
• China: the Emerging Superpower by Major H.A. Hynes Ex New Horizons · 1997-98 Department of National Defence (Canada)

Other

• A cautious embrace: defending democracy in an age of autocracies House of Commons - Foreign Affairs Committee 04 Nov 2019 -- "This report focuses on three policy areas: autocracies’ influence on academic freedom; the use of sanctions against autocracies; and the UK’s cooperation with other democracies in responding to autocracies. It is necessary for the Government to engage with autocracies, for reasons of security, trade and tackling issues such as climate change and modern slavery. We concentrate in particular on Russia and China. Our evidence suggests that both have engaged in overt and covert interference in the affairs of the UK and its partners."