[*] 82.28. namque: introduces the reason for the fewer troubles of the Veneti, '(but the Veneti had less trouble) for.' — ipsorum, their own. [*] 82.29.
aliquanto: abl. of degree of difference. [*] 83.1.
navium: depending on carinae understood. — quo … possent: cf. 7 15, 60 27. [*] 83.2.
atque item puppes, and the sterns too: accommodatae (being adapted) standing as an additional predicate. [*] 83.4.
quamvis: from quivis. [*] 83.5.
transtra, etc., the cross benches (for the rowers) of timbers a foot thick, fastened with iron bolts the thickness of a [man's] thumb. [*] 83.7.
pelles: the Romans used sails made of flax, the Veneti of skins untanned (pelles) or tanned (alutae). [*] 83.11.
tanta onera navium, ships of so great weight. — non satis commode, not very well. [*] 83.12.
nostrae classi: dat. of possession, but translate, the encounter of our fleet with, etc. [*] 83.13.
praestaret, had the advantage (i.e. our fleet). [*] 83.14.
reliqua: here a neut. plu. substantive, everything else. [*] 83.15.
eis: dat. with nocere, § 367 (227); B. 187. ii. a; G. 346; H. 426. 1 (385. 1); H-B. 362. [*] 83.16.
rostro: see Figs. 48, 51. [*] 84.2.
copulis: the Romans were not very skilful in naval tactics, and they always aimed, by means of grappling hooks and boarding bridges, to get aboard the enemy's ship and reduce the conflict as soon as possible to a hand-to-hand combat, in which they excelled. — accedebat ut, there was this additional advantage that, followed by the result clauses, ferrent, consisterent, and timerent; cf. 41 15, 51 6. [*] 84.3.
se vento dedissent, ran before the wind. The phrase is a nautical one; hence ventus is repeated to give the complete expression. [*] 84.4.
consisterent, rode at anchor. [*] 84.5.
ab aestu relictae: trans. by if or when, etc.; see § 496 (292); B. 337. 2. a, b; G. 664. ff.; H. 638. 2 (549); H-B. 604. 3.— nihil: cf. 63 13, and note.