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Browsing named entities in John Conington, Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid, Volume 1.

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These four deities are chosen, as Henry remarks, as typical of the primitive and golden age of Rome. Vesta has been mentioned before in a similar connexion G. 1. 498, Romulus and Remus G. 2. 533. The union of the two latter, as Heyne observes, symbolizes the end of civil broils. Numa (Livy 1. 21) established the worship of Fides. Comp. Hor. Car. Saec. 57, Iam Fides et Pax et Honor Pudorque priscus. Cana occurs 5. 744, as an epithet of Vesta.
Macrob. Sat. 3. 2 fancies that annalis is used with singular propriety, the annales maxumi at Rome being made by the Pontifex Maxumus, with which character Virg. is supposed to imply that Aeneas is invested. Virg.'s love of recondite half-allusions to traditions which he does not expressly adopt is unquestionable; but where, as here, there is no more than a possibility of such a reference, we may perhaps make the question one of poetical taste, which here would certainly seem to exclude anything of the sort. The word doubtless has a propriety of its own, but it is merely as suggesting the notion of a minute and rather tedious narrative.
Od. 3. 27, ou) ga\r o)i/+w *ou)/ se qew=n a)e/khti gene/sqai te trafe/men te. In quisquis es Venus seems to speak as a Tyrian maiden, to whom the history of Troy is unknown. Auras vitalis is common in Lucr., 3. 405, 575., 5. 857., 6. 1227.
Heyne and Ribbeck think this line spurious, as interrupting the enumeration of buildings; but legislation (iura dare) is mentioned in nearly the same connexion 3. 137., 5. 758. Virg. was probably thinking of the republican institutions of Rome and her colonies, without considering how this action of the people was to be reconciled with the authority of Dido (comp. v. 507). Sanctus is the regular epithet of the Roman senate. Iura magistratusque legunt is a zeugma, iura constituunt magistratusque legunt, as Forb. gives it.
Primo somno is proved by a number of instances (2. 268., 5. 857) to mean in their first and deepest sleep; not, as Wagn. thinks, the first time they slept at Troy. Prodita, betrayed to him, and so surprised. Possibly Henry may be right in making somno instrumental, betrayed by sleep.
Gustassent—bibissent. The subj. denotes the intention of Diomede. Homer and the Pseudo-Euripides know nothing of this intention, which Eustathius on Il. 10. 435, and the Scholiast, followed by Serv. on this passage, say was to prevent the accomplishment of an oracle that if the horses of Rhesus tasted the grass or water of Troy, Troy should not be taken. Gustassent—bibissent. The subj. denotes the intention of Diomede. Homer and the Pseudo-Euripides know nothing of this intention, which Eustathius on Il. 10. 435, and the Scholiast, followed by Serv. on this passage, say was to prevent the accomplishment of an oracle that if the horses of Rhesus tasted the grass or water of Troy, Troy should not be tak
of Troilus represented the youth as surprised by Achilles while exercising his chariot, and killed. See his Excursus on this passage. Plautus, Bacchid. 4. 9. 29 foll., speaks of the death of Troilus as one of the three fatal events in the siege of Troy, the other two being the loss of the Palladium and the fall of the top of the Scaean gate. Ribbeck transposes this passage so as to make it follow the next scene; but this would be to bind Virg. to follow servilely the Homeric order, with which in the loss of the Palladium and the fall of the top of the Scaean gate. Ribbeck transposes this passage so as to make it follow the next scene; but this would be to bind Virg. to follow servilely the Homeric order, with which indeed there would still be a disagreement, as in Hom. the mission to the temple of Athene precedes the Dolonea. The intention of Virg. doubtless is to mention first two fatal blows to Troy, and then the despairing effort of the Trojan women to propitiate the angry goddess.
Comp. Catull. 66 (68). 90, Troia virum et virtutum omnium acerba cinis. This reference however does not prove, as Wagn. thinks, that virtutesque virosque is to be taken as a hendiadys. The natural sense is the gallant deeds and the heroes. Tanti incendia belli: comp. Cic. pro Marcell. 9, belli civilis incendium salute patriae restinguere. The same metaphor occurs de Rep. 1. 1 and elsewhere in Cic. Tanta, the reading before Heins., has no first-class authority. In the parallel 7. 222 foll. the siege and fall of Troy are also expressed by a metaphor, but it is from a tempest and a deluge.
Both this and the preceding line are intended to rebut the supposition of ignorance respecting the history of Troy, not of want of feeling; so that the references of the older commentators to the recoil of the sun from the banquet of Thyestes are quite out of place. The notion seems to be we do not lie so far out of the pale of the civilized world—out of the circuit of the sun, and so out of the course of fame. Comp. 6. 796, iacet extra sidera tellus Extra anni Solisque vias. It would add great force to the passage if we could suppose Virg. to have conceived of the sun as the actual bearer of news to the nations of the earth, as in the well-known passage in the dying speech of Ajax, Soph. Aj. 845—849, and in Od. 8. 270, 302, Aesch. Ag. 632—676. But it is to be observed that in these passages the sun is the only possible witness; and though such a thought may possibly have crossed the mind of Statius when imitating this passage in Theb. 1. 683 (Scimus, ait; nec sic aversum Fama Mycenis<
Sola is to be understood loosely, alone of those not allied to Troy, and so excluding Helenus and Acestes.
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