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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 5: (search)
its charter,—while Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Virginia, and at least one of the Carolinas, might claim by royal grant an almost boundless extension to the north and west,—alone arrested the consummation of the confederation by demanding that the public lands north-west of the Ohio should first be recognised as the common property of all the states, and held as a common resource to discharge the debts contracted by congress for the Chap. V.} 1778. July 8. expenses of the war. Gerard to Vergennes, Philadelphia, 12 August, 1778. On the eighth of July the French fleet, consisting of twelve ships of the line and three frigates, after a rough voyage of nearly ninety days from Toulon, anchored in the bay of Delaware; ten days too late to intercept the inferior squadron of Lord Howe and its multitude of transports on their retreat from Philadelphia. Its admiral, the Count d'estaing, a major-general in the French army, had persuaded Marie Antoinette to propose the expediti
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 6: (search)
6: Spain and the United States. 1778. early in the year, Juan de Miralez, a Spanish Chap. VI.} 1778. emissary, appeared in Philadelphia. Not accredited to congress, for Spain would not recognise that body, Luzerne to Vergennes, 17 Dec., 1779. he looked upon the rising republic as a natural enemy to his country; and through the influence of the French minister, with whom he had as yet no authorized connection, he sought to raise up obstacles on all sides to its development. Gerard to Vergennes, 16 and 29 July, 1778. He came as a spy and an intriguer; nevertheless congress, with unsuspecting confidence, welcomed him as the representative of an intended ally. Of all the European powers, Spain was the most consistently and perseveringly hostile to the United States. With a true instinct she saw in their success the quickening example which was to break down the barriers of her own colonial system; and her dread of their coming influence shaped her policy Chap. VI.}
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 8: (search)
ration manifested itself, especially in the delegation from New York. Gouverneur Morris was inclined to relinquish to Spain the navigation of the Mississippi, Gerard to Vergennes, 20 Oct., 1778. and while he desired the acquisition of Canada and Nova Scotia asserted the necessity of a law for setting a limit to the American do Our empire, said Jay, the president of congress, is already too great to be well governed, and its constitution is inconsistent with the passion for conquest. Gerard to Vergennes, 22 Dec., 1778. Not suspecting the persistent hostility of Spain, as he smoked his pipe at the house of Gerard, he loudly commended the triple allianGerard, he loudly commended the triple alliance of France, the United States, and Spain. From the study of their forms of government, Vergennes in like manner represented to Spain that there was no ground for seeing in this new people a race of conquerors; and he undervalued American patriotism and firmness. Vergennes to Montmorin, 2 Nov., 1778. To quiet the Spanish co
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 9: (search)
ossessions which they Chap. IX.} 1779. coveted. Gerard to Vergennes, 28 Jan., 1779. Besides; the extense empire to crumble under its own weight. Ibid. Gerard terminated his very long conversation by declaring colonies at the breaking out of the revolution, Gerard to Vergennes, 28 Jan., 1779, and compare Ibid., 19 required by Spain. On the fifteenth of February, Gerard in a private Feb. 15. audience represented to congopted, they would secede from the confederation; Gerard to Vergennes, 14 July, 1779. and they read the sket the president of congress and two other members Gerard to Vergennes, 14 July, 1779. equally well disposed n enter into war without a convention with them. Gerard to Vergennes, 14 July, 1779. The interview lasting till an hour after midnight; but the hearers of Gerard would not undertake to change the opinion of congreon the part of Great Britain, be assured. Further; Gerard wished America to bring about the accession of Spai
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 17: (search)
earnest conviction. No one could declare himself more strongly for the freedom of the negro than Gouverneur Morris of New York, a man of business and a man of pleasure. His hostility to slavery brought him into some agreement with the policy of Gerard, to whom one day in October he said that Spain would have no cause to fear the great body of the confederation, for reciprocal jealousy and separate interests would never permit its members to unite against her; that several of the most enlightenll the states, Georgia alone being absent, refused the concession by the votes of every member except Jay and Gerry. The rigid assertion of the sovereignty of each state 1780. fostered mutual jealousy. Luzerne, the French envoy who succeeded Gerard, soon came to the conclusion that the confederacy would run the risk of an early dissolution if it should give itself up to the hatred which began to show itself between the north and south. Vermont, whose laws from the first never bore with s
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 19: (search)
f his office with capacity and diligence, and with the strictest integrity. The Chap. XIX.} 1780. system itself in the hands of a bad man would have opened the way to endless abuses; and congress wisely restored its own controlling civil supervision. Dismissing a useless supernumerary, it determined to have but one head of the quartermaster's department at the seat of congress, and one at the camp; and in paying the officers of the staff it returned to salaries instead of commissions. Gerard, in reporting the cost of the war to Vergennes, writes: L'Intendant de l'arinee ou quartier-maitre General a cinq % sur totes ses depenses, et ses agens ont autant. My copy of the letter is an office copy, and the word cinq is written out in full. The journals of congress of 2 March, 1778, allowed, with a longer, his country would have demerely trifling abatement, one per cent upon the moneys issued in the department for the pay of the chiefs. In excusing himself for accepting unusual emo