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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ns, in all probability, antedate the foundation of Rome, 753 B. C. The casting of the bronze vessels and ornaments for the service of the Temple at Jerusalem was about 1004 B. C., and took place in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredatha. This is far more ancient than the Grecian annals and the calf-idol cast by Aaron was five hundred years earlier still. It was an old art in Egypt. With the exception of the statues of cast-iron referred to as mentioned by Pausanias (about A. D. 120), and regarded as curiosities, the ancients seem to have had no knowledge of the uses of cast-iron. It was regarded as in a transition stage, and was destined to be made malleable by continuous processes of heating and hammering. Pausanias says: The temple of the Great Mother at Sparta is said to have been built by Theodorus the Samian, who first discovered the art of casting iron and making statues of it. At Delphi is dedicated a Hercules and Hydra, both of iron. To make statues of iron
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
s of the former bent after a blow or two, and required straightening by the foot, while the superior metal of the Romans stood the brunt. Strabo mentions that one of the exports of Britain was iron; the bold islanders met their invaders with scythes, hooks, broadswords, and spears of iron. The arrival of the Romans and the introduction of artificial blast, which the Romans had derived from their Eastern neighbors, gave a great impulse to the iron works of England. Under Adrian, A. D. 120, a fabrica or military forge was established at Bath, in the vicinity of iron and wood. During the Roman occupation of England, some of the richest beds of iron ore were worked, and the debris and cinders yet exist in immense beds to testify to two facts: one, that the amount of material worked was very great; the other, that the plans adopted were wasteful, as it has since been found profitable to work the cinder over again. During the Saxon occupation the furnaces were still in blas
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
nd in several parts of Europe, the Catalan and Swedish furnaces resembling in all probability those of the Chalybes, so famous in the time of Marathon (490 B. C.), and those of the fabrica or military forge established in England by Hadrian (A. D. 120) at Bath, in the vicinity of iron ore and wood. The brave islanders met their Roman invaders with scythes, swords, and spears of iron, and the export of that metal from thence shortly afterward is mentioned by Strabo. During the Roman occupatiol, after he had made it a molten calf. — Exodus XXXII. 4. The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it [an idol] with hammers, and worketh it with the strength of his arms. — Isaiah XLIV. 12 (712 B. C.). In the year 120 B C, a Chinese general brought back from a country north of the desert of Gobi a golden statue of Buddha as a trophy. The magnificent statues of brass and iron, which issue from the foundries of Tolon-Noor, are renowned not only throughout Ta