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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Anti'ochus (search)
Anti'ochus 2. The name of two physicians, saints and martyrs, the first of whom was born of an equestrian family in Mauritania. After devoting some years to the study of sacred and profane literature, he finally embraced the medical profession, not for the sake of gain, but merely that he might be useful to mankind. He spent some time in Asia Minor, where he exercised his profession gratuitously, and used to endeavour to convert his patients to Christianity. He then went to Sardinia during the persecution against the Christians under Hadrian, about A. D. 120, where he is said to have been cruelly tortured, and at last miraculously delivered by being taken up into heaven. His memory is celebrated by the Romish church on the 13th of December.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Arsa'cidae (search)
ebrated Abgarus who is said to have written a letter to our Saviour. (Moses Chor. 2.29.) A. D. 32. Anane or Ananus, the son of Abgarus. --A. D. 36. Sanadrug or Sanatruces, the son of a sister of Abgares, usurps the throne.--A. D. 58. Erowant, an Arsacid by the female line, usurps the throne; conquers all Armenia; cedes Edessa and Mesopotamia to the Romans.--A. D. 78. Ardashes or Artaxes III. (Exedares or Axidares), the son of Sanadrug, established by Vologeses I., king of the Parthians.--A. D. 120. Ardawazt or Artavasdes IV., son of Ardashes III., reigns only some months.-- A. D. 121. Diran or Tiranus I., his brother.--A. D. 142. Dikran or Tigranes VI., driven out by Lucius (Martius) Verus, who puts Soaemus on the throne. --A. D. 178. Wagharsh or Vologeses, the son of Tigranes VI.--A. D. 198. Chosroes or Khosrew I., surnamed Medz, or the Great, the (fabulous) conqueror (overrunner) of Asia Minor; murdered by the Arsacid Anag, who was the father of St. Gregory, the apostle of Armenia
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
ad never been in the enjoyment of such extensive and unlimited powers as now. At the same time, however, he found it necessary to remove his former friends Attianus and Similis from their office of praefects of the praetorians, and to appoint Marcius Turbo and Septicius Clarus their successors. The war against the Sarmatians was continued in the meantime by Hadrian's legates, and lasted for several years, if we may believe the chronicle of Eusebius, which mentions it as still going on in A. D. 120. In the year A. D. 119 Hadrian began his memorable journey through the provinces of his empire, many portions of which he traversed on foot. His desire to promote the good of the empire by convincing himself every where personally of the state of affairs, and by applying the necessary remedies wherever mismanagement was discovered, was unquestionably one of the motives that led him to this singular undertaking; but there can be little doubt that the restlessness of his mind and the extraor
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philon (search)
rred in the 220th Olympiad, the last year of which was A. D. 104. Now, granting that this is the year meant, it has been deemed highly mprobabie that he should have lived to chronicle the reign of Hadrian, who succeeded A. D. 117, when, according to this computation, Philon must have been 91 years old, especially as Hadrian reigned 21 years. The consulship of Herennius Severus unfortunately cannot aid us, for there is no consul of that name about this period ; there is a Catili is Severus, A. D. 120, and Haeniins Severus, A. D. 141, and Herennius must have been a consul suffectus. Sealiger, Tillemont, and Clinton, have proposed various emenldations on the text of Suidas, Clinton conjecturally assigning his birth to A. D. 47, and consequently his 78th year to A. D. 124. (Fasti Rom. pp. 31, 111). After all, the text of Suidas may be correct enough. He expressly says that the life of Philon was very long protracted, pare/teinen ei)s makro/n ; and regarding Hadrian all he says is, he wrot
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philon Byblius (search)
rred in the 220th Olympiad, the last year of which was A. D. 104. Now, granting that this is the year meant, it has been deemed highly mprobabie that he should have lived to chronicle the reign of Hadrian, who succeeded A. D. 117, when, according to this computation, Philon must have been 91 years old, especially as Hadrian reigned 21 years. The consulship of Herennius Severus unfortunately cannot aid us, for there is no consul of that name about this period ; there is a Catili is Severus, A. D. 120, and Haeniins Severus, A. D. 141, and Herennius must have been a consul suffectus. Sealiger, Tillemont, and Clinton, have proposed various emenldations on the text of Suidas, Clinton conjecturally assigning his birth to A. D. 47, and consequently his 78th year to A. D. 124. (Fasti Rom. pp. 31, 111). After all, the text of Suidas may be correct enough. He expressly says that the life of Philon was very long protracted, pare/teinen ei)s makro/n ; and regarding Hadrian all he says is, he wrot
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
buted in eight books, as they are in some manuscripts. The authorities which he followed for the several lives have beer diligently examined by Augustus Krause (De Suetonii Tranquilli Fontibus et Auctoritate, Berlin, 1841). Krause gives some reasons for supposing that Suetonius consulted the historical writings of Tacitus, and he argues, that as Tacitus did not write his annals before A. D. 117, in which year Hadrian succeeded Trajan, Suetonius did not write the lives of the Caesars before A. D. 120. This is not very satisfactory, though it must be admitted that there are many expressions in Suetonius, which closely resemble the expressions in Tacitus ; and Suetonius, a grammarian (grammaticus), was likely enough to copy particular phrases. Indeed Suetonius often quotes Senatusconsulta and other documentary evidence in the very words, which Tacitus as a general rule did not. These lives of Suetonius are not and do not affect to be historical : they are rather anecdotical. and in the n
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Valenti'nus (search)
Euseb. Hist. Eccl. 4.11) also tells us, on the authority of Irenaeus, that Valentinus came to Rome in the episcopate of Hyginus, flourished under Pius, and survived till the episcopate of Anicetus, about A. D. 140-155. (Comp. Euseb. Chron. and Hieron., s. a. 2159.) Some writers assign to him an earlier date, chiefly on the authority of the tradition, preserved by Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. vii. p. 764), that he had heard Theodas, a disciple of St. Paul : hence Cave places him at the year A. D. 120. The two opinions may be reconciled by supposing, with Clinton, that Valentinus did not begin to propagate his heresy till late in life; and, supposing him to have been seventy years of age in A. D. 150, the first year of Anicetus, he would be twenty-five in A. D. 105, when it was quite possible that a disciple of St. Paul might be still alive. (Clinton, Fast. Rom. s. aa. 140, 144.) Valentinus was one of the boldest and most influential heresiarchs of the Gnostic sect. A minute account o
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ns, in all probability, antedate the foundation of Rome, 753 B. C. The casting of the bronze vessels and ornaments for the service of the Temple at Jerusalem was about 1004 B. C., and took place in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredatha. This is far more ancient than the Grecian annals and the calf-idol cast by Aaron was five hundred years earlier still. It was an old art in Egypt. With the exception of the statues of cast-iron referred to as mentioned by Pausanias (about A. D. 120), and regarded as curiosities, the ancients seem to have had no knowledge of the uses of cast-iron. It was regarded as in a transition stage, and was destined to be made malleable by continuous processes of heating and hammering. Pausanias says: The temple of the Great Mother at Sparta is said to have been built by Theodorus the Samian, who first discovered the art of casting iron and making statues of it. At Delphi is dedicated a Hercules and Hydra, both of iron. To make statues of iron
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
s of the former bent after a blow or two, and required straightening by the foot, while the superior metal of the Romans stood the brunt. Strabo mentions that one of the exports of Britain was iron; the bold islanders met their invaders with scythes, hooks, broadswords, and spears of iron. The arrival of the Romans and the introduction of artificial blast, which the Romans had derived from their Eastern neighbors, gave a great impulse to the iron works of England. Under Adrian, A. D. 120, a fabrica or military forge was established at Bath, in the vicinity of iron and wood. During the Roman occupation of England, some of the richest beds of iron ore were worked, and the debris and cinders yet exist in immense beds to testify to two facts: one, that the amount of material worked was very great; the other, that the plans adopted were wasteful, as it has since been found profitable to work the cinder over again. During the Saxon occupation the furnaces were still in blas
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
nd in several parts of Europe, the Catalan and Swedish furnaces resembling in all probability those of the Chalybes, so famous in the time of Marathon (490 B. C.), and those of the fabrica or military forge established in England by Hadrian (A. D. 120) at Bath, in the vicinity of iron ore and wood. The brave islanders met their Roman invaders with scythes, swords, and spears of iron, and the export of that metal from thence shortly afterward is mentioned by Strabo. During the Roman occupatiol, after he had made it a molten calf. — Exodus XXXII. 4. The smith with the tongs both worketh in the coals, and fashioneth it [an idol] with hammers, and worketh it with the strength of his arms. — Isaiah XLIV. 12 (712 B. C.). In the year 120 B C, a Chinese general brought back from a country north of the desert of Gobi a golden statue of Buddha as a trophy. The magnificent statues of brass and iron, which issue from the foundries of Tolon-Noor, are renowned not only throughout Ta
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