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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Plancus (search)
on brought in the senate such abominable charges against Antony, from whom he had received innumerable favors, that Coponius publicly upbraided him with his conduct (Vel. Pat. 2.83). Plancus had no occasion to change again, and quietly settled down to enjoy the fortune he had acquired by the plunder of Syria, caring nothing about the state of public affairs, and quite contented to play the courtier in the new monarchy. It was on his proposal that Octavian received the title of Augustus in B. C. 27; and the emperor conferred upon him the censorship in B. C. 22 with Paulus Aemilius Lepidus. He built the temple of Saturn to please the emperor, who expected the wealthy nobles of his court to adorn the city with public buildings. The year in which Plancus died is uncertain. The character of Plancus, both public and private, is drawn in the blackest colours by Velleius Paterculus, who, however, evidently takes delight in exaggerating his crimes and his vices. But still, after making ever
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
gnance to arms, and accompanied his friend or patron in the honourable post of contubernalis (a kind of aide-de-camp) into Gaul. Part of the glory of the Aquitanian campaign (described by Appian, App. BC 4.38) for which Messala four years later (B. C. 27) obtained a triumph, and which Tibullus celebrates in language of unwonted loftiness, redounds, according to the poet, to his own fame. He was present at the battle of Atax (Aude in Languedoc), which broke the Aquitanian rebellion. Messala, it ilpicia. If Sulpicia was herself the poetess, she approached nearer to Tibullus than any other writer of elegies. The first book of Elegies alone seems to have been published during the author's life, probably soon after the triumph of Messala (B. C. 27). The birthday of that great general gives the poet an occasion for describing all his victories in Gaul and in the East (Eleg. 1.7). In the second book he celebrates the cooptation of Messalinus, the son of Messala, into the college of the Qui
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
itten there, though this is the literal meaning of the words, Haec super arvorum cult pecorumque canebam. We may however conclude that it was completed after the battle of Actium B. C. 31, while Caesar was in the East. (Compare Georg. 4.560, and 2.171, and the remarks of the critics.) His Eclogues had all been completed, and probably before the Georgica were begun (Georg. 4.565). The epic poem of Virgil, the Aeneid, was probably long contemplated by the poet. While Augustus was in Spain B. C. 27, he wrote to Virgil to express his wish to have some monument of his poetical talent; perhaps he desired that the poet should dedicate his labours to his glory as he had done to that of Maecenas. A short reply of Virgil is preserved (Macr. 1.24), in which he says, " with respect to my Aeneas, if it were in a fit shape for your reading, I would gladly send the poem; but the thing is only just begun; and indeed it seems something like folly to have undertaken so great a work, especially when,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Vitru'vius (search)
ow, with great probability, be defined. We may assume him to be a young man when he served under Julius Caesar, in the African war, B. C. 46, and he was old, nay broken down with age (see above) when he composed his work, at a period considerably subsequent to the complete settlement of the empire under Augustus, land after the erection of several of that emperor's public buildings. Moreover, that his book was written some time after the name of Augustus had been conferred upon the emperor (B. C. 27) is evident from the passage (5.1) in which he speaks of the basilica at Fanum, of which he himself was the architect, as erected subsequently to the temple of Augustus at that place. Again, from the way in which he mentions the emperor's sister in his dedication, it appears probable, though, it must be confessed, not certain, that she was still alive. Now Octavia, the favourite sister of Augustus, died in B. C. 11. Hence the date of the composition of the work lies probably between B. C. 2
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ms, in their uses for separating gold and silver from earthy particles, and in gilding. Pliny says : Mercury is an excellent refiner of gold, for on being shaken in an earthen vessel with gold, it rejects all the impurities that are mixed with it. When once it has thus expelled these impurities, there is nothing to do but to separate it from the gold; to effect which it is poured upon leather, and exudes through it in a sort of perspiration, leaving the pure gold behind. Vitruvius (B. C. 27) describes the manner of recovering gold from cloth in which it has been interwoven. The cloth, he says, is to be put in an earthen vessel, and placed over the fire in order that it may be burnt. The ashes are thrown into water, and quicksilver added to them. The latter unites with the particles of gold, the water is poured off, and the residue put into a cloth, which being squeezed with the hands, the quicksilver, on account of its fluidity, oozes through the pores, and the gold is left pu
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