Python Nested If
Nested If Statements
You can have if statements inside
if statements. This is called nested
if statements.
Example
x = 41
if x > 10:
print("Above ten,")
if x > 20:
print("and also above 20!")
else:
print("but not above 20.")
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In this example, the inner if statement only runs if the outer condition (x > 10) is true.
How Nested If Works
Each level of nesting creates a deeper level of decision-making. The code evaluates from the outermost condition inward.
Example
Checking multiple conditions with nesting:
age = 25
has_license = True
if age >= 18:
if has_license:
print("You can drive")
else:
print("You need a license")
else:
print("You are too young to drive")
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Multiple Levels of Nesting
You can nest as many levels deep as needed, but keep in mind that too many levels can make code harder to read.
Example
Three levels of nesting:
score = 85
attendance = 90
submitted = True
if score >= 60:
if attendance >= 80:
if submitted:
print("Pass with good standing")
else:
print("Pass but missing assignment")
else:
print("Pass but low attendance")
else:
print("Fail")
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Nested If vs Logical Operators
Sometimes nested if statements can be simplified using logical operators like and. The choice depends on your logic.
Example
This nested if:
temperature = 25
is_sunny = True
if temperature > 20:
if is_sunny:
print("Perfect beach weather!")
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Example
Could also be written with and:
temperature = 25
is_sunny = True
if temperature > 20 and is_sunny:
print("Perfect beach weather!")
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Both approaches produce the same result. Use nested if statements when the inner logic is complex or depends on the outer condition. Use and when both conditions are simple and equally important.
More Examples
Example
Login validation with nested checks:
username = "Emil"
password = "python123"
is_active = True
if username:
if password:
if is_active:
print("Login successful")
else:
print("Account is not active")
else:
print("Password required")
else:
print("Username required")
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Example
Grade calculation with nested logic:
score = 92
extra_credit = 5
if score >= 90:
if extra_credit > 0:
print("A+ grade")
else:
print("A grade")
elif score >= 80:
print("B grade")
else:
print("C grade or below")
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