Java Iterator
Java Iterator
An Iterator is an object that can be used to loop through collections, like ArrayList
and HashSet.
It is called an "iterator" because "iterating" is the technical term for looping.
To use an Iterator, you must import it from the java.util package.
Getting an Iterator
The iterator() method can be used to get an Iterator for any collection:
Example
// Import the ArrayList class and the Iterator class
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Make a collection
ArrayList<String> cars = new ArrayList<String>();
cars.add("Volvo");
cars.add("BMW");
cars.add("Ford");
cars.add("Mazda");
// Get the iterator
Iterator<String> it = cars.iterator();
// Print the first item
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
Looping Through a Collection
To loop through a collection, use the hasNext() and next() methods of the Iterator:
Removing Items from a Collection
Iterators are designed to easily change the collections that they loop through. The remove() method can remove items from a collection while looping.
Example
Use an iterator to remove numbers less than 10 from a collection:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<Integer>();
numbers.add(12);
numbers.add(8);
numbers.add(2);
numbers.add(23);
Iterator<Integer> it = numbers.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
Integer i = it.next();
if(i < 10) {
it.remove();
}
}
System.out.println(numbers);
}
}Note: Trying to remove items using a for loop or a for-each loop would not work correctly because the collection is changing size at the same time that the code is trying to loop.
The var Keyword with Iterators
You can also use the var keyword with iterators.
This avoids repeating the long type name Iterator<String>, since the compiler already knows the type from the collection.
This makes code shorter, but many developers still use the full type for clarity.
Since var is valid from Java version 10, you may see it in other code, so it's good to know that it exists:
Example
// Without var
Iterator<String> it = cars.iterator();
// With var
var it = cars.iterator();
Here, var makes the iterator declaration shorter,
but the actual type is still Iterator<String>.
