IN LOVING MEMORY OF JAMIE BULGER (16 MARCH 1990 TO 12 FEBRUARY 1993)

            On this date, 12 February 1993, a two-year-old boy by the name of James Bulger was murdered in Kirkby, Merseyside, England. To learn more about the case, see here.

            Sadly, the two killers are still alive today. All thanks to the European Court of Human Rights, these two killers will outlive their victim. Let us not forget this innocent boy who was murdered. 

 

James Bulger

QUOTES FROM DENISE FERGUS, THE MOTHER OF JAMES BULGER:

QUOTE 1: "Venables and Thompson have dragged me, my family, and the name of James through every court possible in this country and Europe for which unlimited funds have been made available to them. This is in complete contrast to the help made available to victims of crime. The European court of human rights has become a friend of criminals and enemy of their victims".

QUOTE 2: “Beasts like them don’t deserve to breathe the same air as decent people – they should hang.”

AMERICA’S OTHER DEATH PENALTY – LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE

             We, the comrades of Unit 1012, are truly well aware that once the death penalty is abolished, the ACLU Demons will want to end LWOP.

            We, the comrades of Unit 1012: The VFFDP, DO NOT TRUST them at all and we know that they are nothing but liars who value the lives of murderers and evildoers, with the plan on putting innocent people’s lives at risk of getting murdered. These Anti-Death Penalty Activists are all the ACLU Demons.

Is LWOP Juvenile Justice?

[PHOTO SOURCE: http://aclu-nh.org/in-nh-children-are-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-without-parole-this-is-cruel-and-unconstitutional/]

            This article will explain why that Life Without Parole is death penalty to them:

INTERNET SOURCE: http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/6/americas-other-death-penalty.html

America’s other death penalty

As states abolish capital punishment, it’s time to shine a light on its substitute, life without parole

June 1, 2015 3:45PM ET

by Christopher Moraff @cmoraff

Last week Nebraska became the 19th U.S. state to abolish the death penalty when a bipartisan coalition of lawmakers voted to override the governor’s veto of a bill they passed to ban the practice. 

Nebraska is the first Republican-controlled state to outlaw state-sanctioned killing since 1973.

The news was hailed as a victory for proponents of enlightened justice policy and sparked a flurry of headlines predicting the demise of capital punishment in the U.S. There is much to celebrate in the shifting national dialogue on capital punishment; however, lost in the jubilation has been a critical assessment of what happens next and what it could mean for thousands of future inmates, not to mention the taxpayers responsible for their care. 

Like every other state that has abolished the death penalty, Nebraska will replace it with life without parole (LWOP) — a sentence that was practically unknown in the U.S. until the 1970s and whose use has grown exponentially since then.

According to the Sentencing Project, as of 2012 there were roughly 50,000 inmates serving LWOP — many of them for nonviolent offenses such as drug trafficking. The number of LWOP inmates grew by nearly a quarter from 2008 to 2012. As more states back away from the death penalty, that number will spike even higher. A list of states with the most prisoners serving LWOP includes several that have eliminated their death penalty.

As with capital punishment, an argument could be made that there are remorseless offenders whose crimes are so heinous that they should never be released from prison. That is certainly true. The problem is, unlike in capital cases, there is currently no process in place to ensure LWOP sentences are reserved for those few who deserve them.

That’s because in practice LWOP enjoys far broader application — and is subject to significantly less scrutiny — than the punishment it supplants. While courts have spent years dissecting nearly every legal nuance of capital punishment and providing layers of protections for defendants facing death, the LWOP machine has churned on largely unchecked. 

Life without mercy

In the late 1970s the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory death sentences are unconstitutional, and it barred the death penalty for crimes other than murder. But scores of inmates are sentenced every year under mandatory LWOP statutes, thereby denied the separate guilt and sentencing phases provided in death penalty trials. Meanwhile, the proportionality doctrine that applies to capital cases — which requires presentation of specific aggravating circumstances to support a death sentence — is absent when it comes to life sentences. As a result, LWOP is regularly applied to crimes far less serious than the taking of a life.

As media attention has focused on America’s broken system of capital punishment, the gravity of an LWOP sentence has been largely ignored, with the exception of cases that involve juveniles. 

Prisoners sentenced to LWOP (known in some states as life without mercy) have only two recourses to avoid dying in prison: a full pardon or commutation of their sentence. Both are extremely rare and nearly impossible to secure. For this reason, some criminologists now use the term “death in prison” instead of “life without parole” when referring to these sentences.

Brooklyn Law School professor and former federal prosecutor I. Bennett Capers calls LWOP “capital punishment’s often neglected stepsister.” He blames its proliferation, in part, on death penalty abolitionists who have championed LWOP as a more humane alternative without considering the implications of their compromise. 

If a person is to be condemned to die in prison, should it really matter in the eyes of the law if it is at the hand of an executioner or the hands of time?

In a 2012 book of essays titled “Life Without Parole: America’s New Death Penalty?” he reflects on his experience trying capital cases and attributes the casual attitude of many attorneys and criminal justice reformers to the idea of LWOP to the “cult of death” that permeates American jurisprudence.  

“We ... had repeated the mantra ‘death is different’ for so long that we had come to accept it as necessarily true,” he writes. “We prosecuted our LWOP defendants as if they were interchangeable widgets on an assembly line, and it was clear that they were often defended the same way too. I barely gave these defendants a thought.”  

Capers contrasts the many statutory protocols around seeking, securing and carrying out a death sentence with the near complete absence of such protections in LWOP cases. Primary among them is the vigilance applied by legislatures and courts to rectify the racial disparities long evident in capital cases — which he says are even more stark when it comes to sentences of life without parole. 

Immoral, ineffective, unsound

In the series of impassioned speeches that preceded the Nebraska legislature’s final vote on the death penalty, lawmakers — many of them conservatives — took turns calling out capital punishment as immoral, ineffective and fiscally unsound. Those same modifiers could be used to describe LWOP. 

It is ineffective because, except in rare circumstances, there is no measurable public safety benefit derived from keeping someone locked up for life — even those who are convicted of the most serious offenses. Convicted murderers have the lowest recidivism rate of any offender (about 1 percent), and numerous studies show that older prisoners rarely reoffend after release — particularly if they have been incarcerated for an extended period. 

Similarly, LWOP is inefficient because it utilizes enormous resources to address a nonexistent problem while invalidating the work of our parole and probation system (which is already tasked with weeding out irredeemable inmates).

Keeping people in prison for decades until they die may be cheaper than housing them on death row, but the cumulative costs are still prohibitive. By one estimate (PDF), the U.S. spends over $16 billion a year housing and caring for inmates older than 50 — twice what it costs to incarcerate younger offenders. The price of providing health care alone for these low-risk inmates is breaking state correction budgets.

Finally, denying an inmate the possibility of parole is immoral because it fails to recognize the capacity of the human soul for redemption. The only remaining motivating factor for unduly restrictive sentencing regimes — retribution — negates the principle of rehabilitation that informed American corrections policy throughout most of our history.

The Enlightenment-era criminologist Cesare Beccaria — whose writings helped influence the Founders’ thinking on criminal justice (most notably the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment) — suggested that any sentence that doesn’t arise from absolute necessity is tyrannical.

If we are to avoid the tyranny of which Beccaria speaks, then defendants facing the prospect of LWOP should enjoy the same strict scrutiny afforded those who were previously subject to the ultimate punishment. If a person is to be condemned to die in prison, should it really matter in the eyes of the law if it is at the hand of an executioner or the hands of time?

Christopher Moraff is a freelance writer who covers policing, criminal justice policy and civil liberties for Al Jazeera America and other media outlets. He was recognized in 2014 with an H.F. Guggenheim reporting fellowship at John Jay College

The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera America's editorial policy.