Linux Distro Review

A quick, easy to read review of a number of Linux popular distributions.

http://www.osnews.com/story/22305/Linux_Distros_that_Don_t_Suck

VMWare with Gentoo Guest - why is fit guest now grayed out?

My configuration
HOST: Windows XP
Guest: Linux Gentoo 2006.1
VMWARE Version: VMWare Server 1.0.2 build-39867
X Windows: 7.2
Desktop Environment: KDE 3.5

I wished to fill my 1600X1400 monitor with my Gentoo VMWare image while in 'Quick switch' mode. However, the Fit Guest Now was grayed out. The reason? I needed to have vmware-user running (location for me: /usr/lib/vmware-tools/bin32/vmware-user). This is a tool in the VMWare tools. For VMWare tools installation see Install Gentoo on VMWare - VMWare Tools Section.

As soon as I launched the vmware-user, the Fit Guest Now menu becomes un-grayed and works beautifully. Enjoy your new found desktop real estate.

I've yet to have the autofit guest work, but I am happy enough that the fit guest now works. Another day for the autofitting.

Keywords: fit guest now grayed out, gentoo, vmware, linux, VMWare server, vmware-user, maximizing desktop for Gentoo Guest in VMWare, autofit guest.

HOWTO turn off the UPS alarm on Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD UPS (USB)

All UPS units tend to have an alarm (also known as the beeper) that sounds when the power is removed from the unit. This alarm maybe valuable to some people, but I would say for my computer room closet it would be more annoying in the middle of the night than necessary. I'll deal with a power outage when I wake up.

I am running NUT on Gentoo Linux to manage my Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD UPS (USB) and to turn off the alarm one simply needs to run the following command, remember the username is what you defined in /etc/nut/upsd.users:

#upsrw -s ups.beeper.status=disabled -u nutusername
-p nutpassword theUPS@localhost:3493


immediately following that the command
upsc verified the change was live:

# upsc theUPS@localhost
battery.charge: 53
battery.type: PbAc
battery.voltage: 12.3
battery.voltage.nominal: 12.0
driver.name: newhidups
driver.parameter.port: auto
driver.version: 2.1.0
driver.version.data: TrippLite HID 0.1
(experimental)
driver.version.internal: 0.30
input.frequency: 59.8
input.voltage: 116.7
input.voltage.nominal: 120
output.frequency.nominal: 60
output.voltage.nominal: 120
ups.beeper.status: disabled
ups.delay.reboot: 65535
ups.delay.shutdown: 65535
ups.mfr: Tripp Lite
ups.model: TRIPP LITE UPS
ups.power.nominal: 1000
ups.serial: 692195 B
ups.status: OL CHRG

Now when there is a power loss to the unit it is silent and will shut down the computer when the low battery signal occurs.

keywords: UPS, NUT, alarm off, beeper off, disable alarm, disable beeper, linux, Gentoo, Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD UPS USB.

HOWTO customize your D-Link DSM-G600 NAS with Telnet (BusyBox), iTunes server, gentoo and more.

To solve the always on storage, network attached storage [NAS], problem I choose to purchase the D-Link DSM-G600 device; in part because my tendency to stick with a the same hardware vendor. I may be naive and my demonstration is I believe that companies do more testing with their own hardware components than other hardware. The other part of the choice is that is a Gigabit NAS with a drive enclosure and with potential to plug in our external USB drives. The other, other part is that it is running Linux underneath.

I have the DSM-G600 revB and to demonstrate this last statement of it running a copy of embedded Linux, the following is the output of uname.
# uname -a
Linux NAS 2.4.21-pre4 #480 ¤­ 4¤ë 28 11:21:43 CST 2006 ppc unknown

And it looks like the below image
First step is to understand 'fun_plug'. This is a script that is called after after the DSM-G600 boots, but the user has full control over it. It resides on the drive that you've put into the enclosure. For the full background: How to fun_plug . This concept is a big seller to me, it allows customization to your heart's content.

Starting to fun_plug
(reference: Wiki Page Howto fun_plug )

There are several way to get the fun plug script on the device. I would recommend connecting via Samba from a Linux host. Most importantly you'll save yourself the hassle of Unix vs. Windows linefeeds.

(1) You'll want your DSM-G600 booted (and a drive in the enclosure).
(2) From your linux host:
mount -t smbfs -o username=admin ///HDD_a /mnt/nas
(3) Enter your password (the same as the web interface admin password).
(4) Execute:
touch /mnt/somedir/fun_plug
chmod 777 /mnt/somedir/fun_plug
(5) Customize fun_plug (open fun_plug up and do some customization) - See below
(6) Execute: umount /mnt/nas


Customization of fun_plug

There many customizations and the the limit only in your imagination . Several that seem worthy to mention are starting a telnet daemon, starting an itunes server, chrooting to a Gentoo distribution.

Starting small

output dmesg to a text file

(1) Open fun_plug with your favorite editor
emacs /mnt/nas/fun_plug
(2) Add
#!/bin/sh
dmesg > /mnt/HD_a2/dmesg.out
(3) reboot the DSM-G600

Why /mnt/HD_a2? because that is where the NAS device mounts the internal IDE drive.

Getting bigger

Telnet daemon (and more) Telnet and your DSM-G600
(1) Open fun_plug in your favorite editor
(2) enter the following
#!/bin/sh
if [ ! -e /mnt/HD_a2/ash ]
then
ln -s /mnt/HD_a2/busybox /mnt/HD_a2/ash
fi
if [ ! `grep root /etc/shadow` ]
then
echo kontroll.`grep admin /etc/shadow` >> /etc/shadow
/mnt/HD_a2/sed -i -e 's/kontroll.admin/root/' /etc/shadow
fi
/mnt/HD_a2/sed -i -e 's/root:.*/root:x:0:0:Linux User,,,:\/:\/mnt\/HD_a2\/ash/' /etc/passwd
cd /dev && /mnt/HD_a2/busybox makedevs ptyp c 2 0 0 9
cd /dev && /mnt/HD_a2/busybox makedevs ttyp c 3 0 0 9
/mnt/HD_a2/busybox telnetd &
(3) Get and extract busybox-telnetd-1.2.1.tar.bz2 in the root folder of the DSM-G600. Download it
(4) reboot the DSM-G600

Medium sized

Firefly/mt-daapd itunes server on your DSM-G600
Step by Step: Step by Step for itunes server on DSM-G600

Slightly larger than Medium

A NFS server server on your DSM-G600
(1) Download the nfs binaries (nfs-utils-1.0.10-portmap5-nfsd.tar.gz)
(2) Unzip in an appropriate folder
(3) Add this to fun_plug

# nfs server
# Vars. Change these according to your setup
NFSROOT=/mnt/HD_a2/nas_packages/nfs

# Set up needed directories and files
if [ ! -d $NFSROOT/var/lib/nfs ]
then
 mkdir -p $NFSROOT/var/lib/nfs
fi

if [ ! -d $NFSROOT/etc ]
then
 mkdir -p $NFSROOT/etc
fi

if [ ! -f $NFSROOT/etc/exports ]
then
cat > $NFSROOT/etc/exports <<"EOF"
/mnt/HD_a2 192.168.0.0/24(rw)
EOF
fi

if [ ! -f $NFSROOT/etc/hosts.allow ]
then
cat > $NFSROOT/etc/hosts.allow <<"EOF"
lockd: 192.168.0.*
rquotad: 192.168.0.*
mountd: 192.168.0.*
statd: 192.168.0.*
EOF
cat > $NFSROOT/etc/hosts.deny <<"EOF"
lockd:ALL
mountd:ALL
rquotad:ALL
statd:ALL
EOF
fi

if [ ! -d /usr/sbin ]
then
mkdir -p /usr/sbin
fi

# Make symlinks
ln -s $NFSROOT/etc/exports /etc/
ln -s $NFSROOT/var/lib /var/
ln -s $NFSROOT/etc/hosts.* /etc/
ln -s $NFSROOT/sbin/* /usr/sbin/

# start the server
/sbin/insmod $NFSROOT/modules/nfsd.o
/usr/sbin/portmap
sleep 1
/usr/sbin/rpc.mountd
sleep 1
/usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd
sleep 1
/usr/sbin/rpc.statd
# re-export...

$NFSROOT/sbin/exportfs -ra

(4) Reboot the DSM-G600.

Reference (Forum post)

Big and Bold

chroot into Gentoo on DSM-G600
Step by Step: Chroot to Gentoo

There you have it, the world is yours now that you are in Gentoo. Enjoy it.

References:
DSM-G600 revB Hack Forum
A well organized Wiki about the DSM-G600 revB

keywords:D-Link DSM-G600, dlink DSM-G600, linux, NAS, configuring, fun_plug, fun plug, Customizing DSM-G600, embedded linux on DSM-G600, tweaking DSM-G600, itunes DSM-G600, telnet DSM-G600, gentoo DSM-G600, D-Link NAS, gentoo, embedded linux.

HOWTO set up NUT on Gentoo Linux for Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD USB UPS

The below documents my configuration of a Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD USB UPS to communicate with Gentoo Linux (2.6.17-gentoo-r8 kernel) in my home network using NUT (Network UPS Tools). Note this is much easier in Dec 2007 - see new howto here



Plugged into the UPS :
(1) Linux Server (Older machine with AMD XP processor)
(2) D-Link DI-724GU Router
(3) Comcast Cable modem (Motorola SB5120)
(4) Vontage Phone Adapter (Motorola VT1005V)
(5) Oregon Scientific WMR-968 Weather Station

The average draw of those components is around 125 Watts (you have a Kill-A-Watt device don't you? Kill-A-Watt link). During my two simulated power outages it appeared that this UPS would power those components for ~30 minutes.

This UPS was purchased at Costco, so with that ease of distribution I suspect there might be more of you out there that may want to do this, so I'll write down my steps of configuration for Linux/Gentoo. Truth be told, maybe the key feature of the UPS verses others? The pretty Blue LCD display panel; even my wife attests to it aesthetic value.

Configuration took the better part of a day because, I didn't realize/admit the 2.0.4 version of NUT didn't support my Tripp Lite USB UPS. Once I use the development tree of NUT it was much easier. I hope to save you that time.

1. Ensure your kernel has hid support compiled into it

- in 'make menuconfig' select the '/dev/hiddev raw HID device support'

Device Drivers --->
USB support --->
<*> Support for Host-side USB
[*] HID input layer support
[ ] Force feedback support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[*] /dev/hiddev raw HID device support

2. emerge 'sys-power/nut'

Guess what? This, as of January 1, 2007, does not have the support in it for the Tripp Lite USB models (nut 2.0.4-r1 in portage). Following this, you will have to fetch the development trunk from the fine people on the NUT development team and create a Portage overlay. From this trunk, it runs great. I spent significant time starting the newhidups driver with the response No matching USB/HID UPS found and it appears 20 googles. It just doesn't work ;)

Note: Everything I know about Portage overlays I learned while watching a 'Cold Case' episode, so it isn't too hard. Kudos to portage.

3. Get the development trunk from Subversion. Don't have subversion in Gentoo? Me neither, but a simple 'emerge subversion', got me a running version.

mkdir ~/src/nut
cd ~/src/nut
svn co svn://svn.debian.org/nut/trunk

This will get the latest source for nut in a directory called trunk in your home directory ~/src/nut

4. Create a Portage Overlay for the development trunk source.

We will want to do this so that portage knows what we are up-to. Admittedly you can go straight for the compilation of the nut source and figure out all the configuration necessary to get it to run in Gentoo, but it was already all figured out for sys-power/nut-2.0.4.r1 so lets use that.

References:
HOWTO Create an Updated Ebuild
HOWTO Install 3rd Party Ebuilds (slightly less relevant in our case.)

a. Package the source:
in dir ~/src/nut
cp -r trunk nut-2.1.0
note: we are making up a nut version that follows the portage convention.
tar -cf nut-2.1.0.tar nut-2.1.0
gzip nut-2.1.0.tar

b. copy the source into the portage distribution tree
cp nut-2.1.0.tar.gz /usr/portage/distfiles/

c. Create an overlay directory and add it to your make.conf (I am presuming you have root like powers aren't I? Keep this in mind)
mkdir -p /usr/local/portage && echo 'PORTDIR_OVERLAY="/usr/local/portage"' >> /etc/make.conf

d. copy the existing ebuild for nut into your new Portage Overlay directory

make the dir: mkdir -p /usr/local/portage/sys-power/nut
copy it: cp -r /usr/portage/sys-power/nut /usr/local/portage/sys-power/nut

e. create the new ebuild file (copying from the latest ebuild).
cd /usr/local/portage/sys-power/nut
cp nut-2.0.4-r1.ebuild nut-2.1.0.ebuild
note: remember to name this the same as tar file above.

f. remove the ebuilds you don't need (I like clean)
for me it was: rm nut-2.0*

g. edit the ebuild. I removed a patch that probably isn't necessary in the development trunk.
nano -w /usr/local/portage/sys-power/nut/nut-2.1.0.ebuild

I removed line 46 that started with 'epatch'

5. Manually step thru the emerge steps with ebuild (slow and cautious). Ebuild is a lower level tool that emerge uses.
Note: I am only going to compile the driver I need, it isn't a default driver so I need to use the NUT_DRIVERS directive to ebuild system. Additionally when I didn't do this, one of the drivers in the development tree had a compile time error.

a. The digest:
NUT_DRIVERS="newhidups" ebuild /usr/local/portage/sys-power/nut/nut-2.1.0.ebuild digest

b. The unpacking (the unzips the tar file you created earlier):
NUT_DRIVERS="newhidups" ebuild /usr/local/portage/category/program/program-version.ebuild unpack

c. The compile
NUT_DRIVERS="newhidups" ebuild /usr/local/portage/category/program/program-version.ebuild compile

d. The installation
NUT_DRIVERS="newhidups" ebuild /usr/local/portage/category/program/program-version.ebuild install

Without the NUT_DRIVERS declaration I got:
/bin/sh ../libtool --tag=CC --mode=link i686-pc-linux-gnu-gcc -I../include -O2 -march=athlon-xp -pipe -Wall -Wsign-compare -o blazer blazer.o ../common/libcommon.a ../common/upsconf.o
../common/parseconf.o
../common/state.o main.o dstate.o serial.o
i686-pc-linux-gnu-gcc -I../include -O2 -march=athlon-xp -pipe -Wall -Wsign-compare -o blazer blazer.o ../common/upsconf.o ../common/parseconf.o
../common/state.o main.o dstate.o serial.o ../common/libcommon.a
if i686-pc-linux-gnu-gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I. -I../include -I../include -O2 -march=athlon-xp -pipe -Wall -Wsign-compare -MT cpsups.o -MD -MP -MF ".deps/cpsups.Tpo" -c -o cpsups.o cpsups.c; \
then mv -f ".deps/cpsups.Tpo" ".deps/cpsups.Po"; else rm -f ".deps/cpsups.Tpo"; exit 1; fi
cpsups.c: In function 'clr_cps_serial':
cpsups.c:110: error: 'TIOCM_DTR' undeclared (first use in this function)
cpsups.c:110: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
cpsups.c :110: error: for each function it appears in.)
cpsups.c:112: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ioctl'
cpsups.c:112: error: 'TIOCMBIC' undeclared (first use in this function)
cpsups.c: In function 'set_cps_serial':
cpsups.c:117: error: 'TIOCM_DTR' undeclared (first use in this function)
cpsups.c:119: error: 'TIOCMBIS' undeclared (first use in this function)

6. Configure NUT

Now that we've made this build, you can follow the steps at the wiki:
Gentoo HOWTO NUT (Network UPS Tools)

You'll get to start after the Install Software section. Yes, you'll need the newhidups driver. I am pasting in the article with a couple of mods for my UPS posterity/consistency.

I added the bit about adding a MONITOR line to uspmon.conf. This is necessary for upsmon to work

Configuring

Go to /etc/nut . Open ups.conf. Add to this file every UPS you want to monitor. Mine looks like this:

# [powerware]
# driver = bcmxcp
# port = /dev/ttyS0
# desc = "Server, adsl, 3com"


Change the values to something that fit's your configuration better and save. If you have a USB connection to your UPS, your entry might look like

[OMNI1000]
driver = newhidups
port = auto
desc = "Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD USB"

Open upsd.conf. This file contains access-policy to the UPS's you have.

To only allow the same computer to connect to them, the file should look like this:

ACL all 0.0.0.0/0
ACL localhost 127.0.0.1

ACCEPT localhost
REJECT all


The ACL-lines are used to add hosts. The syntax is ACL name IP. If the name is placed after ACCEPT connections from there are accepted, if it's placed under REJECT, connections are rejected. This sort of reminds me of a hosts.allow file?

Next open upsd.users. This file contains accounts for users who can make modifications. The following line grants access to the user server to everything. This isn't integrated with particular logins from my observation. So you can make-up a new user/pass and run with that. The only place one needs to remember this if you are setting properties through NUT on the UPS.


[server]
password = changeme
allowfrom = localhost
actions = SET
instcmds = ALL
upsmon master


Next take a look at upsmon.conf. This is the UPS Monitor configuration. A scan through this file is going to answer more questions than me writing about it. It is pretty simple, but the below three changes are all I needed to make.

1. in Gentoo we compiled the nut package using the 'nut' user, so ensure this is in there.
   RUN_AS_USER nut
2. The UPS to monitor
   MONITOR OMNI1000@localhost 1 server changeme master
3. for those of us with a measly single UPS for our home network you'll need this line:
   MINSUPPLIES 1

Next if you want look at upssched.conf too, it may be interesting if you want to schedule events. This will be useful if you want to automate something like "30 seconds after the power is out, send an email via SMTP." I currently am not interested in this

Finishing

Now, start the upsd and upsmon service:

/etc/init.d/upsd start
/etc/init.d/upsmon start

This should identify if there is some still wrong.
If nothing is wrong add them to the default runlevel

rc-update add upsd default
rc-update add upsmon default

If you didn't get any error when you started the services you seemed to configure it right. Else, have a look at the error output and think what might be wrong. One error I got was the permissions of the serialport, which is easy fixed with adding nut to the tty-group.

Testing

You'll be using tools upsc and upscmd

Test upsc and see if your UPS replies:

upsc yourupsname@yourupshost ups.status
specifically: upsc OMNI1000@localhost ups.status

If you get "OL" (On Line) everything is working good (if it is on the line and not battery).

To see every command your UPS supports, type

upscmd -l OMNI1000@localhost

A full status looks like the below.

#upsc OMNI1000@localhost
battery.charge: 100
battery.type: PbAc
battery.voltage: 13.4
battery.voltage.nominal: 12.0
driver.name: newhidups
driver.parameter.port: auto
driver.version: 2.1.0
driver.version.data: TrippLite HID 0.1 (experimental)
driver.version.internal: 0.30
input.frequency: 59.8
input.voltage: 117.5
input.voltage.nominal: 120
output.frequency.nominal: 60
output.voltage.nominal: 120
ups.beeper.status: enabled
ups.delay.reboot: 65535
ups.delay.shutdown: 65535
ups.mfr: Tripp Lite
ups.model: TRIPP LITE UPS
ups.power.nominal: 1000
ups.serial: 692195 B
ups.status: OL CHRG



7. Customization of and understanding UPSMON.

It is upsmon that will be responsible for a system shutdown when the battery level reaches a critical level. It is here that if you want to do magic like emails/etc, you'll want to look.


There you have it in 7 easy (or not so easy?) steps, it should be configured.

UPS/NUT References that will help.
Network UPS Tools Home
Nut-upsuser Mailing List Note: from my lurking on this mailing list, it is filled with people very helpful and with an abundance of experience with NUT.

Keywords: Tripp Lite, USB UPS, Tripp Lite Gentoo, Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD, USB HID UPS Linux, Gentoo HID UPS, gentoo NUT portage overlay, Gentoo UPS NUT, Tripp Lite Linux, Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD Gentoo, Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD Linux, Tripp Lite OMNI1000LCD UPS.

HOWTO remove blocked packages in portage on gentoo

On my routine of weekly updates to my gentoo installation I often encounter blocked packages in response to the command 'emerge --update --deep --ask world'

[blocks B ] mail-mta/ssmtp (is blocking mail-mta/postfix-2.2.2-r1)

This, until I became familiar with it, seemed confusing. My analysis, the order of this response is what tripped me up in combination with the temptation of speed reading. My interpretation was 'blocks mail-mta/ssmtp. Is blocking mail-mta/postfix-2.2.2-r1?' The parenthesis caused me to consider this as a separate thought. It is not and is my fault for confusing myself; And aside, I'd love for the parenthesis to be removed. That interpretive linguistics analysis aside on to the point.

Looking at the statement mail-mta/ssmtp is blocking mail-mta/postfix. The simple thing to do is to say, I don't need ssmtp let me remove it. The portage command:

emerge --unmerge 'mail-mta/smtp'

In summary it is the first item listed that is the 'blocking' package, that is what you want to remove.

Then try again with 'emerge --update --deep --ask world'

Of course the removal of something needed is a bad idea, so be careful.

An introduction to Portage: link
A simple portage Wiki page: Portage and Ebuilds
The man page: Portage Man page
The "best-known practices" for working with Portage: HOWTO_Use_Portage_Correctly
keywords: gentoo remove blocked package, portage remove blocked package, gentoo blocks, portage blocks.

InterfaceLIFT: High-Resolution Wallpaper

Not that this is very technical, but yesterday I found a good site for sharing and getting wallpaper/desktop backgrounds.

InterfaceLIFT's content is entirely vistor-submitted and is intended to be shared. They do a great job of search and provided a multitude of resolutions from 1024x768 to 2560X1600 as well as a number of other formats (ipod/sony psp).

My search for "Seattle" returned several of great photos of the city. Another search for "Vancouver" returned even more.

InterfaceLIFT: High-Resolution Wallpaper

The more sharing, the merrier and who can complain at the price of nothing?

And if you are looking for other art they have icons too. Have a new app that you want a cool icon for? I'd check these ones out.

Paul

Keywords: Wallpaper, Desktop background, images, free wallpaper, linux, windows, icons

Gentoo Cron job for backing up your data

Using one of those emerge commmands the other week to rebuild everything after a GCC 4.1.something upgrade, I overwrote a couple of key config files under /etc/... . Ouch, not wise. I made the rash assumption that it was a smart merge of the .config files. Don't do that, it is only as smart as the user :^). The only real loss was in the starting of a daemon for pulling data off of my weather station, but it took awhile to recollect the configuration.

A wiser way to go would be to goto my backups. Not having any didn't help -- it was on the to-do list. I found this to be a simple backup scheme for getting those all important configuration files and other data I might need.

Wikipage for Backupscripts and the cron jobs

I will now not repeat that mistake.

Keywords: Gentoo, Linux, cron job for backups, cron script for backups, simple script for linux backups.

Useful Portage commands (emerge)

---

Sync up your portage tree with a mirror

---

emerge --sync

--sync

Initiates a portage tree update with one of the rsync.gentoo.org mirrors. Note that any changes you have made to the portage tree will be erased. Except for special circumstances, this uses rsync to do the update. See make.conf(5)'s description of PORTDIR_OVERLAY for a method to avoid deletions.

---

Build/install the latest updates in the portage tree.

I use this after 'emerge --sync'

---

emerge --update --deep world

--update (-u)

Updates packages to the best version available, which may not always be the highest version number due to masking for testing and development. This will also update direct dependencies which may not be what you want. In general, use this option only in combination with the world or system target.

---

Rebuild Everything
Making deep changes to the compiler toolchain may have lowlevel affects, forcing you do rebuild everything (if you are particularly inclined to play it safe). It could also be that you just like using CPU time ...

---

emerge -eav system
emerge -eav world

-emptytree (-e)

Reinstalls all world packages and their dependencies to the current USE specifications while differing from the installed set of packages as little as possible. You should run with --pretend first to make sure the result is what you expect.

---

Search for portage packages
Used to look into the portage tree and find something. It also will tell you if it is install, what version it is, and other useful tidbits.

---

emerge -s package_name
Example
#emerge -s nut
[snipping the none relevant matches]
* sys-power/nut
Latest version available: 2.0.4-r1
Latest version installed: 2.0.4-r1
Size of files: 683 kB
Homepage: http://www.networkupstools.org/
Description: Network-UPS Tools
License: GPL-2

---

External References
Rockfloat's tips and tricks also has a good reference

An introduction to Portage: link
A simple portage Wiki page: Portage and Ebuilds
The man page: Portage Man page
The "best-known practices" for working with Portage: HOWTO_Use_Portage_Correctly

---

Keywords: Gentoo Portage, Gentoo Package Management, Gentoo Portage Commands, Gentoo emerge commands, Gentoo Linux Portage, Useful Portage commands.