Fur Seal

 

Beauty Of Animal | Fur Seal | Fur seals are one of the nine species of pinnipeds Otariidae family. One species, the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) lives in the North Pacific, while seven species in the Arctocephalus genus are found mainly in the southern hemisphere. They are more akin to sea lions than true seals, and with them auricle (atria), relatively long and muscular foreflippers, and the ability to walk on all fours. They are characterized by their close undercoat, which makes them for a long time for commercial game.

Until recently, fur seals all grouped in a subfamily of pinnipeds called Arctocephalinae in order to compare them with Otariinae - the sea lions - based on the most prominent common feature, namely the coat guard hairs mixed with dense undercoat. Recent genetic research suggests Callorhinus is closely related to some sea lion species, and the fur seal / sealion subfamily distinction has disappeared from many taxonomies. But all the fur seals have certain characteristics in common: The coat is generally smaller size, more and longer foraging trips, smaller and more abundant prey and more sexual dimorfi. For these reasons, the distinction remains useful.

Fur seals with other otariids the ability to make their hind legs and head on hands and feet. Fur seals are generally smaller than sea lions. In less than 1 meter (3 feet 3 inches), the seal coat is Galapagos the smallest of all Pinnipeds. However, their flippers are generally relatively long, their fur is often darker and vibrissae more prominent. Males are often more than five times heavier than females, making them among the most sexually dimorphic of all mammal groups.

Typically, fur seals gather during the summer months each year in large collections on specific beaches or rocks to feed and breed. All species are polygynous, meaning dominant males reproduce with more than one wife. For most species lasts a total gestation period of 11.5 months, including a number of months delayed implantation of the embryo. While northern fur seal males aggressively select and defend the special women in their harem, males of species of southern fur seals tend to spatial areas to protect, and women can freely choose whether to change their partners based on their personal preferences or social hierarchy . After several consecutive days to take care of the newborn pups, the women go on longer foraging trips, which can be as long as a week, returning to the colony to feed their young until they are weaned. Males rapidly during the reproductive season, be prepared to leave their wives or areas.

The rest of the year, fur belts a primary pelagic existence in the open sea where prey is abundant and plentiful. Fur seals are eating sized fish, squid and krill. Several species of southern fur seals also seabirds, especially penguins, as part of their diet. The fur seals themselves are attacked by sharks, killer whales and the occasional large sea lions. The fur seals were hunted in the late 18 and early 19th century, they took on remote islands where there are no predators. Prisoners reported being able to club the unwary animals killed one after another, making the search for profits, even if the price per seal-skin layer was

Many fur seal species were heavily exploited by commercial hunters, especially in the 19th century when their fur was highly prized. Beginning in the 1790s, the ports of Stonington and New Haven, Connecticut were leaders of the American fur seal trade, which mainly involves going fur seals to death on uninhabited South Pacific islands, skinning them and selling the hides in China. Many people, especially Guadalupe fur seal, northern fur seal and Cape fur seal, suffered a dramatic decline and is still recovering. Currently, most species are protected and hunting is usually limited to subsistence harvest. Worldwide, most stocks are considered as healthy, especially because they often prefer remote habitats that are relatively inaccessible to humans. However, environmental degradation, competition with fisheries and climate change potentially pose threats to some populations.

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Emperor Penguin

Beauty Of Animal | Emperor Penguin | Emperor penguins are the largest of all the average bird stands some 45 inches (115 centimeters) tall. The Emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to the Antarctic. The only penguin species that breeds during the Antarctic winter, it treks can 50-120 km (31-75 miles) above the ice to breeding colonies of thousands of individuals.Together with the similarly colored, but smaller King Penguin (A. patagonicus) The Emperor Penguin is one of two extant species in the genus Aptenodytes.

The adult Emperor penguin stands up to 122 cm (48 inches) tall. The weight ranges from 22.7 to 45.4 kg (50-100 lb) and varies depending on gender, with males weighing more than women. The weight varies depending on the season, as male and female penguins lose substantial mass while raising hatchlings and incubating eggs. To resist a male emperor penguin must protect the Antarctic cold for more than two months, its eggs from extreme cold. During this time he does not eat anything. Most male penguins around 12 kg (26 lb), whilst they wait for their babies to hatch.

 

The black plumage is sharply delineated by the bright plumage elsewhere. The Emperor Penguin Chick is usually with silver-gray below, and covered with a black head and white mask. The emperor penguin is dark brown plumage disappears until November to February, before the annual molt in January and February. Moulting is rapid in this species compared to other birds, with only about 34 days. Emperor Penguin feathers emerge from the skin after they have grown a third of their total length, and will be lost before old feathers to reduce heat losses.

Scientific classification
Kingdom:     Animalia
Phylum:     Chordata
Class:         Aves
Order:         Sphenisciformes
Family:     Spheniscidae
Genus:         Aptenodytes
Species:     A. forsteri

The average annual survival of emperor penguins has been measured at 95.1%, with an average life expectancy of 19.9 years. The same researchers estimated that 1% of emperor penguins hatched achieve a realistic age of 50 years.

The emperor penguin breeds in the coldest area of ​​bird species, air temperatures can reach -40 ° C (-40 ° F) and wind speeds can reach 144 km / h (89 mph). The water temperature is a frigid -1.8 ° C (28.8 ° F), which is significantly lower than the average body of the emperor penguin, the temperature of 39 ° C (102 ° F). . With around 100 feathers covering one square inch (15 feathers per cm2), it has the highest density of spring birds.

The Emperor Penguin is able to thermoregulate (maintain its body temperature), without the metabolism over a wide temperature range. At temperatures above 20 ° C (68 ° F), an emperor penguin can be excited as his body temperature and metabolic rate increases to increase the heat loss. Raising his wings and exposing the bottom increases the load on the body surface to the air by 16%, facilitating further heat loss. The emperor penguin is "least concern" as a type listed by the IUCN. Together with nine other species of penguins, it is currently under consideration for inclusion under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.

Through the application of mathematical models to predict how it would affect the loss of sea ice from global warming, a large colony of emperor penguins at Terre Adelie, Antarctica, they predicted a decline of 87% in the colony's population by the end of the century from the current 3000 breeding pairs in the colony of 400 breeding pairs. The decrease can throughout the Emperor Penguin population are mirrored, estimated at about 200,000 breeding pairs.

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Penguin

Beauty Of Animal | penguin | Your penguin (Sphenisciformes system, Spheniscidae family) are a group of aquatic, birds fly live almost exclusively in the southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Adapted to the very life in the water, and penguins feathers countershaded dark and white, and their wings became fins. Caught most of the penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sealife while swimming underwater. Spend nearly half their lives on the ground and half in the oceans.Although all penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere, is not found only in cold climates, like Antarctica.

In fact, only a few types of penguins live to the south. Found several species in the temperate zone, and one species, and the penguins and the Galapagos, live near the equator.Largest of the living Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): adults average about 1.1 meters (3 feet, 7 inches) tall and weighs 35 kilograms (75 pounds) or more. The smallest penguin species is the Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the Fairy Penguin, which is about 40 cm (16 inches) and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb).

Between the penguins there, and the largest penguins inhabit colder regions, while found smaller penguins are generally found in tropical or even temperate (see also Bergmann's Rule). Achieved some species prehistoric enormous sizes, becoming as tall or heavy as adults of human rights. Were not limited to these areas to the South Pole, but on the areas, in contrast subantarctic harbored a high degree of diversity, and at least one giant penguin occurred in a region not quite 2000 km south of the equator, 35 Mia, in a climate warmer than it is today for sure.

 

 

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The Beauty Of Penguin

Beauty Of Animals | The Beauty Of Penguin  | Penguin Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the southern hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have become flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans. Although all penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far south. Several species are found in the temperate zone, and one species, the Galápagos Penguin, lives near the equator.

The largest living species is the Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): adults average about 1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (75 lb) or more. The smallest penguin species is the Little Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the Fairy Penguin, which stands around 40 cm tall (16 in) and weighs 1 kg (2.2 lb). Among extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate or even tropical climates (see also Bergmann's Rule). Some prehistoric species attained enormous sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These were not restricted to Antarctic regions; on the contrary, subantarctic regions harboured high diversity, and at least one giant penguin occurred in a region not quite 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, in a climate decidedly warmer than today.

Penguins are superbly adapted to aquatic life. Their vestigial wings have become flippers, useless for flight in the air. In the water, however, penguins are astonishingly agile. Penguins' swimming looks very similar to bird's flight in the air. Within the smooth plumage a layer of air is preserved, ensuring buoyancy. The air layer also helps insulate the birds in cold waters. On land, penguins use their tails and wings to maintain balance for their upright stance.

All penguins are countershaded for camouflage – that is, they have black backs and wings with white fronts. A predator looking up from below (such as an orca or a leopard seal) has difficulty distinguishing between a white penguin belly and the reflective water surface. The dark plumage on their backs camouflages them from above.

Diving penguins reach 6 to 12 km/h (3.7 to 7.5 mph), though there are reports of velocities of 27 km/h (17 mph) (which are more realistic in the case of startled flight)[citation needed]. The small penguins do not usually dive deep; they catch their prey near the surface in dives that normally last only one or two minutes. Larger penguins can dive deep in case of need. Dives of the large Emperor Penguin have been recorded reaching a depth of 565 m (1,870 ft) for up to 22 minutes.

Penguins either waddle on their feet or slide on their bellies across the snow, a movement called "tobogganing", which conserves energy while moving quickly. They also jump with both feet together if they want to move more quickly or cross steep or rocky terrain.

Penguins have a thick layer of insulating feathers that keeps them warm in water (heat loss in water is much greater than in air). The Emperor Penguin (the largest penguin) has the largest body mass of all penguins, which further reduces relative surface area and heat loss. They also are able to control blood flow to their extremities, reducing the amount of blood that gets cold, but still keeping the extremities from freezing. In the extreme cold of the Antarctic winter, the females are at sea fishing for food leaving the males to brave the weather by themselves. They often huddle together to keep warm and rotate positions to make sure that each penguin gets a turn in the center of the heat pack.

Perhaps one in 50,000 penguins (of most species) are born with brown rather than black plumage. These are called isabelline penguins, possibly in reference to the legend that the archduchess Isabella of Austria vowed not to change her undergarments until her husband united the northern and southern Low Countries by taking the city of Ostend—which took three years to accomplish. Isabellinism is different from albinism. Isabelline penguins tend to live shorter lives than normal penguins, as they are not well-camouflaged against the deep, and are often passed over as mates.

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