Chapter 2, Problem 32SA

Below, the program execution and the output (if applicable) for relevant blocks of code are  explained:

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

const double CONVERSION = 3.5;

Explanation:

In the above lines of code, the constant CONVERSION is declared and initialized.

int main() {

    const int TEMP = 23;

    string name;

    int id;

    int num;

    double decNum;

    double mysteryNum;

Explanation:

In the above lines, inside the main function, the declaration and initialization of the constant TEMP is followed by the declaration of the variables name, id, num, decNum and mysteryNum.

    cout << "Enter last name: ";

Explanation:

The stream insertion operator << and cout is used to print a string "Enter last name: ". The insertion point remains in the same line as the string output on the console. So the output is:

Enter last name:

    cin >> name;

Explanation:

The stream extraction operator >> and cin is used to accept the user input of a string ("Miller") which are assigned to the variable name. The insertion point remains in the same line as the string which was typed as input at the console.

    cout << endl;

Explanation:

The stream insertion operator cout is used to move the insertion point to a new line through the use of the manipulator endl.

    cout << "Enter a two digit integer: ";

Explanation:

The stream insertion operator << and cout are used to print a string "Enter a two digit integer: ". The insertion point remains in the same line as the string output on the console. So the output is,

Enter a two digit integer:

    cin >> id;

Explanation:

The stream extraction operator >> and cin are used to accept the user input of a two-digit number (34) which is assigned to the variable id. The insertion point remains in the same line as the string which was typed as input at the console.

    cout << endl;

Explanation:

The stream insertion operator << and cout are used to move the insertion point to a new line through the use of the manipulator endl.

    num = (id * TEMP) % (static_cast<int>(CONVERSION));

Explanation:

The assignment statement assigns a new value to the variable num after evaluating the right-hand-side arithmetic expression. The expression is evaluated as follows,

(id * TEMP) % (static_cast<int>(CONVERSION))

 = (id * TEMP) % (static_cast<int>(CONVERSION))

= (34 * 23) % (static_cast<int>(3.5))          (value substitution)

= (34 * 23) % (3)                          (static_cast operator converts the floating point

                      number into int type discarding the decimal portion)

= 782 % 3                 (parentheses has highest precedence, * operator

                      evaluated)

= 2                    (modulus operator - 782 / 3 leaves 2 as remainder)

    cout << "Enter a decimal number: ";

Explanation:

The stream insertion operator cout is used to print a string "Enter a decimal number: "...