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A Java compiler is a compiler for the programming language Java. The most common form of output from a Java compiler is Java class files containing platform-neutral Java bytecode, but there are also compilers that emit optimized native machine code for a particular hardware/operating system combination.

Most Java-to-bytecode compilers, Jikes being a well known exception, do virtually no optimization, leaving this until run time to be done by the JRE^{[citation needed]}.

The Java virtual machine (JVM) loads the class files and either interprets the bytecode or just-in-time compiles it to machine code and then possibly optimizes it using dynamic compilation.

A standard on how to interact with Java compilers programmatically was specified in JSR 199.

Major Java compilers

As of 2012, the following are major Java compilers:^{[citation needed]}

The Java Programming Language Compiler (javac), included in the Java Development Kit from Oracle Corporation, open-sourced since 13 November 2006.
GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ), a part of the GNU Compiler Collection, which compiles C, C++, Fortran, Pascal and other programming languages besides Java. It can also generate native code using the back-end of GCC.
Eclipse Compiler for Java (ECJ), an open source incremental compiler used by the Eclipse project.

References

^ Ghosh, Subdipto (2001). Java, Jini Technologies. Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 4521. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. p. 118. ISBN 9780819442451. Retrieved 2013-07-29. Eck et al. describe the only semantic compressor available for Java, jaccelerator. Jaccelerator, which is similar in principle to SlimBinaries.8 unites a Java compiler, which compiles the Java source code to its syntax tree, and a run-time compiler.

External links

Sun's OpenJDK javac page
JSR 199 Java Compiler API Java Specification Request for invoking the Java compiler from a Java program
A Formal Introduction to the Compilation of Java, Stephan Diehl, "Software - Practice and Experience", Vol. 28(3), pages 297-327, March 1998.

[1] Ghosh, Subdipto (2001). Java, Jini Technologies. Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 4521. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. p. 118. ISBN 9780819442451. Retrieved 2013-07-29. Eck et al. describe the only semantic compressor available for Java, jaccelerator. Jaccelerator, which is similar in principle to SlimBinaries.8 unites a Java compiler, which compiles the Java source code to its syntax tree, and a run-time compiler.

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+{{No footnotes|date=July 2013}}
 A '''Java compiler''' is a [[compiler]] for the programming language [[Java (programming language)|Java]].  The most common form of output from a Java compiler is [[Java class file]]s containing platform-neutral [[Java bytecode]], but there are also compilers that emit optimized [[Machine code|native machine code]] for a particular hardware/[[operating system]] combination.
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 *The Java Programming Language Compiler ([[javac]]), included in the [[Java Development Kit]] from [[Oracle Corporation]], open-sourced since 13 November 2006.
 *[[GNU Compiler for Java]] (GCJ), a part of the [[GNU Compiler Collection]], which compiles [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Fortran]], [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] and other [[programming language]]s besides Java. It can also generate [[native code]] using the back-end of GCC.
-*{{No footnotes|date=July 2013}}Eclipse Compiler for Java (ECJ), an open source [[incremental compiler]] used by the [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]] project.
+*Eclipse Compiler for Java (ECJ), an open source [[incremental compiler]] used by the [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]] project.
 ==See also==