AMD Optimizing C/C++ Compiler Suite SPEC CPU2017 Flag Description

Means "no optimization". This level compiles the fastest and generates the most debuggable code.

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Somewhere between -O0 and -O2.

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Moderate level of optimization which enables most optimizations. This is the default when no "-O" option is specified, or if no value is specified (i.e. "-O").

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Like -O2, except that it enables optimizations that take longer to perform or that may generate larger code (in an attempt to make the program run faster).

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Like -O2 with extra optimizations to reduce code size.

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Like -Os (and thus -O2), but reduces code size further.

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Currently equivalent to -O3.

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Enables all the optimizations from -O3 along with other aggressive optimizations that may violate strict compliance with language standards. Refer to the AOCC options document for the language you're using for more detailed documentation of optimizations enabled under -Ofast.

Set the optimization level to -O2.

If multiple "O" options are used, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective.

Specify that Clang should generate code for a specific processor family member and later. For example, if you specify -march=znver1, the compiler is allowed to generate instructions that are valid on AMD Zen processors, but which may not exist on earlier products.

(For C++ only) Enable generation of unwind information. This allows exceptions to be thrown through Clang compiled stack frames. This is on by default in x86-64. -fno-exceptions disables C++ exception handling.

Generate output files in LLVM formats suitable for link time optimization. When used with -S this generates LLVM intermediate language assembly files, otherwise this generates LLVM bitcode format object files (which may be passed to the linker depending on the stage selection options).

Generate code for a 32-bit environment. The 32-bit environment sets int, long and pointer to 32 bits and generates code that runs on any i386 system. The compiler generates x86 or IA32 32-bit ABI. The default on a 32-bit host is 32-bit ABI. The default on a 64-bit host is 64-bit ABI if the target platform specified is 64-bit, otherwise the default is 32-bit.

Generate code for a 64-bit environment. The 64-bit environment sets int to 32 bits and long and pointer to 64 bits and generates code for AMD's x86-64 architecture. The compiler generates AMD64, INTEL64, x86-64 64-bit ABI. The default on a 32-bit host is 32-bit ABI. The default on a 64-bit host is 64-bit ABI if the target platform specified is 64-bit, otherwise the default is 32-bit.

Instructs the compiler to use the LLVM linker and loader (lld) instead of the system linker when linking object files.

Instructs the compiler to use the GNU gold linker (gold) instead of the system linker when linking object files.

Instructs the compiler not to allocate arrays from the stack and instead use heap memory.

Given the expression "a = b / c", instructs the compiler to calculate "a = b * (1/c)".

Enables a range of optimizations that provide faster, though sometimes less precise, mathematical operations that may not conform to the IEEE-754 specifications. When this option is specified, the __STDC_IEC_559__ macro is ignored even if set by the system headers.

This option enables floating-point expression contraction such as forming of fused multiply-add operations if the target has native support for them.

Load compiler plugin code from the dragonegg.so file.

Override the built-in specs with the contents of the specified file. In the above example, the contents of integrated-as-specs is used to override the built-in assembler.

Instructs the compiler to link with system math libraries.

Instructs the compiler to link with AMD-supported optimized math library.

Instructs the linker to use the first definition encountered for a symbol, and ignore all others.

Use the jemalloc library, which is a general purpose malloc(3) implementation that emphasizes fragmentation avoidance and scalable concurrency support.

Use the SmartHeap library, which is a fast, portable, reliable, ANSI-compliant malloc/operator new library.

Instructs the compiler to link with the OpenMP runtime libraries.

Instructs the compiler to link with the gfortran Fortran runtime libraries.

Instructs the compiler to link with flang Fortran runtime libraries.

The option combines compare/test instructions with branches wherever possible.

The induction variable simplification optimization transforms induction variables to simpler forms. The option disables this optimization.

Sets the default integer and logical types to an 8 byte type. It does not promote variables with explicit KIND declarations.

This option enables the GVN hoist pass, which is used to hoist computations from branches.

This option enables vectorization of loops with conditional breaks. In some extreme situations this may result in unsafe behavior. Use this option only if it is safe to execute such loops even if conditional breaks are skipped or otherwise not executed.

Enables splitting of long live ranges of loop induction variables which span loop boundaries. This helps reduce register pressure and can help avoid needless spills to memory and reloads from memory.

This optimization does partial unswitching of loops where some part of the unswitched control flow remains in the loop.

This option enables an optimization that generates and calls specialized function versions when the loops inside function are vectorizable and the arguments are not aliased with each other. This optimization helps in function inlining and vectorization.

This option enables an optimization that generates and calls specialized function versions when they are called with constant arguments. This optimization helps in function inlining.

This option enables an optimization that transforms the data layout of a single dimensional array to provide better cache locality by analysing the access patterns.

This option enables transformation of the layout of arrays of structure types and their fields to improve the cache locality. Aggressive analysis and transformations are performed at higher levels. This option is effective only with -flto as whole program analysis is required to perform this optimization.

Possible values:

• 1: Use when the allocated size of the array of structures is unknown at compile time.
• 2: Use when the allocated size of the array of structures is known to fall within 64KB and 4GB.
• 3: Use when the allocated size of the array of structures is known to be less than 64KB.

Turns on LLVM's instrumenation based profiling.

Uses the profiling files generated from a program compiled with -fprofile-instr-generate to guide optimization decisions.

In the 502/602.gcc benchmark description, "multiple definitions of symbols" is listed under the "Known Portability Issues" section, and this option is one of the suggested workarounds. This option causes Clang to revert to the same inlining behavior that GCC does when in pre-C99 mode.

Sets the compiler's inlining heuristics to an aggressive level by increasing the inline thresholds.

Sets the compiler's inlining threshold level to the value passed as the argument. The inline threshold is used in the inliner heuristics to decide which functions should be inlined.

Enables inlining for recursive functions based on heuristics, with level 4 being most aggressive. Higher levels may lead to code bloat due to expansion of recursive functions at call sites.

Levels:

• 0 [DEFAULT]: Disables inlining for recursive functions.
• 1: Enables inlining for recursive functions using heuristics with inline depth 1.
• 2: Same as level 1 but with more aggressive heuristics.
• 3: Enables inlining for all recursive functions with inline depth 1.
• 4: Enables inlining for all recursive function with inline depth 10.

This option enables aggressive loop unswitching heuristic based on usage of branch conditions.

Enables loop strength reduction for nested loop structures. By default, the compiler will do loop strength reduction only for the innermost loop.

This optimization merges duplicate constant uses into a register to reduce instruction width.

This option enables AVX2 (Advanced Vector Extensions, 2nd generation) support.

This option restricts the optimization and code generation to first-generation AVX instructions.

This option causes AOCC to not emit a vzeroupper instruction before a transfer of control flow, in order to minimize the AVX to SSE transition penalty.

This option enables generation of the adx instruction.

This option disabled generation of the adx instruction.

This option enables the generation of SSE4a instructions.

This option disables the generation of SSE4a instructions.

Sets the limit at which loops will be unrolled. For example, if unroll threshold is set to 100 then only loops with 100 or fewer instructions will be unrolled.

Enables aggressive heuristics to get loop unrolling.

The unroll count can be specified explicitly with -unroll_count=<value> where <value> is a positive integer. If this value is greater than the trip count, the loop will be fully unrolled.

This option instructs the compiler to unroll loops wherever possible.

This option avoids runtime memory dependency checks to enable aggressive vectorization.

Certain loops with breaks may be vectorized by default at -O2 and above. In some extreme situations this may result in unsafe behavior. Use this option to disable vectorization of such loops.

The -Wl,<flag> instructs the compiler front-end to pass <flag> to the linker when the linker is invoked by the front-end.

Tells the linker to link in the specified library.

Selects the C language dialect.

Selects the C++ language dialect.

The binary datasets for some of the Fortran benchmarks in the SPEC CPU suites are stored in big-endian format. This option is necessary for those datasets to be read in correctly.

Specifies size of off_t data type.

clang is a C, C++, and Objective-C compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking. Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Clang may stop before doing a full link.

flang is a Fortran compiler which encompasses preprocessing, parsing, optimization, code generation, assembly, and linking. Depending on which high-level mode setting is passed, Flang may stop before doing a full link.

Invoke the GNU Fortran compiler with the optimizers and code generators replaced by those from AOCC. The "dragonegg.so" referenced here is the "AOCC Fortran Plugin".

Specifies a directory to search for libraries. Use -L to add directories to the search path for library files. Multiple -L options are valid. However, the position of multiple -L options is important relative to -l options supplied.

Specifies a directory to search for include files. Use -I to add directories to the search path for include files. Multiple -I options are valid.

Switch to enable OpenMP.