Name

    ARB_draw_instanced

Name Strings

    GL_ARB_draw_instanced

Contributors
    Michael Gold, NVIDIA
    James Helferty, TransGaming Inc.
    Daniel Koch, TransGaming Inc.

Contact

    James Helferty, TransGaming Inc. (james 'at' transgaming.com)
    Daniel Koch, TransGaming Inc. (daniel 'at' transgaming.com)

Notice

    Copyright (c) 2008-2013 The Khronos Group Inc. Copyright terms at
        http://www.khronos.org/registry/speccopyright.html

IP Status

    Unknown

Status

    Approved by the ARB on July 11, 2008

Version

    Last Modified Date:  April 8, 2011
    Author Revision: 5

Number

    ARB Extension #44

Dependencies

    OpenGL 2.0 is required.

    The extension is written against the OpenGL 2.1 Specification.

    EXT_gpu_shader4 or NV_vertex_program4 or OpenGL 3.0 is required.

Overview

    A common use case in GL for some applications is to be able to
    draw the same object, or groups of similar objects that share
    vertex data, primitive count and type, multiple times.  This 
    extension provides a means of accelerating such use cases while 
    restricting the number of API calls, and keeping the amount of 
    duplicate data to a minimum.
    
    This extension introduces two draw calls which are conceptually
    equivalent to a series of draw calls.  Each conceptual call in
    this series is considered an "instance" of the actual draw call.
    
    This extension also introduces a read-only built-in variable to
    GLSL which contains the "instance ID."  This variable initially
    contains 0, but increases by one after each conceptual draw call.

    By using the instance ID or multiples thereof as an index into
    a uniform array containing transform data, vertex shaders can 
    draw multiple instances of an object with a single draw call.

New Tokens

    None

New Procedures and Functions

    void DrawArraysInstancedARB(enum mode, int first, sizei count,
            sizei primcount);
    void DrawElementsInstancedARB(enum mode, sizei count, enum type,
            const void *indices, sizei primcount);

Additions to Chapter 2 of the OpenGL 2.1 Specification
(OpenGL Operation)

    Modify section 2.8 (Vertex Arrays), p. 23

    (insert before the final paragraph, p. 30)

    The internal counter <instanceID> is a 32-bit integer value which
    may be read by a vertex program as <vertex.instance>, as described
    in section 2.X.3.2, or vertex shader as <gl_InstanceIDARB>, as
    described in section 2.15.4.2.  The value of this counter is
    always zero, except as noted below.

    The command

        void DrawArraysInstancedARB(enum mode, int first, sizei count,
                sizei primcount);

    behaves identically to DrawArrays except that <primcount>
    instances of the range of elements are executed and the value of
    <instanceID> advances for each iteration.  It has the same effect
    as:

        if (mode or count is invalid)
            generate appropriate error
        else {
            for (i = 0; i < primcount; i++) {
                instanceID = i;
                DrawArrays(mode, first, count, i);
            }
            instanceID = 0;
        }

    The command

        void DrawElementsInstancedARB(enum mode, sizei count, enum type,
                const void *indices, sizei primcount);

    behaves identically to DrawElements except that <primcount>
    instances of the set of elements are executed, and the value of
    <instanceID> advances for each iteration.  It has the same effect
    as:

        if (mode, count, or type is invalid )
            generate appropriate error
        else {
            for (int i = 0; i < primcount; i++) {
                instanceID = i;
                DrawElements(mode, count, type, indices, i);
            }
            instanceID = 0;
        }

    Add a new section "2.15.4.2 Shader Inputs" before "Position
    Invariance"

    Besides having access to vertex attributes and uniform variables, vertex
    shaders can access the read-only built-in variable gl_InstanceIDARB or
    gl_InstanceID. The variables gl_InstanceIDARB and gl_InstanceID hold the
    integer index of the current primitive in an instanced draw call.  See
    also section 7.1 of the OpenGL Shading Language Specification.

Additions to Chapter 5 of the OpenGL 2.1 Specification
(Special Functions)

    The error INVALID_OPERATION is generated if DrawArraysInstancedARB
    or DrawElementsInstancedARB is called during display list
    compilation.

Dependencies on NV_vertex_program4

    If NV_vertex_program4 is not supported, all references to
    vertex.instance are deleted.

Errors

    INVALID_ENUM is generated by DrawElementsInstancedARB if <type> is
    not one of UNSIGNED_BYTE, UNSIGNED_SHORT or UNSIGNED_INT.

    INVALID_VALUE is generated by DrawArraysInstancedARB if <first> is
    less than zero.

Modifications to The OpenGL Shading Language Specification, Version 1.10.59

    Including the following line in a shader can be used to control the
    language features described in this extension:

      #extension GL_ARB_draw_instanced : <behavior>

    where <behavior> is as specified in section 3.3.

    A new preprocessor #define is added to the OpenGL Shading Language:

      #define GL_ARB_draw_instanced 1

    Change Section 7.1 "Vertex Shader Special Variables"

    Add the following definitions to the list of built-in variable definitions:

          int gl_InstanceIDARB; // read-only
          int gl_InstanceID;    // read-only

    Add the following paragraph at the end of the section:

    The variables gl_InstanceIDARB and gl_InstanceID are available as a
    read-only variables from within vertex shaders and hold the integer index
    of the current primitive in an instanced draw call
    (DrawArraysInstancedARB, DrawElementsInstancedARB). If the current
    primitive does not come from an instanced draw call, the values of
    gl_InstanceIDARB and gl_InstanceID are zero.


Issues

  (1) Should instanceID be provided by this extension, or should it be
      provided by the core OpenGL 3.0 (similarly to how it was done with
      EXT_gpu_shader4)?
      
        Resolved: Provide both instanceID and instanceIDARB.  The original
        intention was that instanceID and other language changes should be
        provided by this extension and properly decorated with the ARB suffix.
        However, many vendors shipped implementations that supported both, and
        some applications came to depend on this out-of-spec behavior.  It
        appears that the EXT_gpu_shader4 incorrectly neglected to specify the
        suffix EXT suffix for gl_InstanceID.

  (2) Should MultiDrawArrays and MultiDrawElements affect the value of
      instanceID?

        Resolved: No, this may cause implementation difficulties and
        is considered unlikely to provide any real benefit.

  (3) Should DrawArraysInstanced and DrawElementsInstanced be compiled
      into display lists?

        Resolved: No, calling these during display list compilation
        generate INVALID_OPERATION.


Revision History

    #5 April 8, 2011, Ian Romanick
        - Fix typo "holds holds"
        - Make both gl_InstanceID and gl_InstanceIDARB available to reflect
          what vendors actually ship.
        - Existence of gl_InstanceID and gl_InstanceIDARB do not depend on
          OpenGL 3.0 or GL_EXT_gpu_shader4.
    #4 July 8, 2008, jhelferty
        - corrected dependency typo
        - expanded Overview
    #3 June 4, 2008, dgkoch
        - merged instanceID and relevant language from the EXT_gpu_shader4
          extension revision 13.
        - renamed to InstanceID_ARB to properly follow conventions
        - merged issues 1 & 4
    #2 May 14 2008, jlheferty
        - added contact, contributer information.
        - bumped OpenGL spec written against to 2.1
        - added issue 4
    #1 May 12 2008, dgkoch
        - initial conversion from EXT to ARB