source: trunk/gc6.8/typd_mlc.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1991-1994 by Xerox Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 * opyright (c) 1999-2000 by Hewlett-Packard Company.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * THIS MATERIAL IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED
 * OR IMPLIED.  ANY USE IS AT YOUR OWN RISK.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted to use or copy this program
 * for any purpose,  provided the above notices are retained on all copies.
 * Permission to modify the code and to distribute modified code is granted,
 * provided the above notices are retained, and a notice that the code was
 * modified is included with the above copyright notice.
 *
 */


/*
 * Some simple primitives for allocation with explicit type information.
 * Simple objects are allocated such that they contain a GC_descr at the
 * end (in the last allocated word).  This descriptor may be a procedure
 * which then examines an extended descriptor passed as its environment.
 *
 * Arrays are treated as simple objects if they have sufficiently simple
 * structure.  Otherwise they are allocated from an array kind that supplies
 * a special mark procedure.  These arrays contain a pointer to a
 * complex_descriptor as their last word.
 * This is done because the environment field is too small, and the collector
 * must trace the complex_descriptor.
 *
 * Note that descriptors inside objects may appear cleared, if we encounter a
 * false refrence to an object on a free list.  In the GC_descr case, this
 * is OK, since a 0 descriptor corresponds to examining no fields.
 * In the complex_descriptor case, we explicitly check for that case.
 *
 * MAJOR PARTS OF THIS CODE HAVE NOT BEEN TESTED AT ALL and are not testable,
 * since they are not accessible through the current interface.
 */

#include "private/gc_pmark.h"
#include "gc_typed.h"

# define TYPD_EXTRA_BYTES (sizeof(word) - EXTRA_BYTES)

GC_bool GC_explicit_typing_initialized = FALSE;

int GC_explicit_kind;   /* Object kind for objects with indirect        */
                        /* (possibly extended) descriptors.             */

int GC_array_kind;      /* Object kind for objects with complex         */
                        /* descriptors and GC_array_mark_proc.          */

/* Extended descriptors.  GC_typed_mark_proc understands these. */
/* These are used for simple objects that are larger than what  */
/* can be described by a BITMAP_BITS sized bitmap.              */
typedef struct {
        word ed_bitmap; /* lsb corresponds to first word.       */
        GC_bool ed_continued;   /* next entry is continuation.  */
} ext_descr;

/* Array descriptors.  GC_array_mark_proc understands these.    */
/* We may eventually need to add provisions for headers and     */
/* trailers.  Hence we provide for tree structured descriptors, */
/* though we don't really use them currently.                   */
typedef union ComplexDescriptor {
    struct LeafDescriptor {     /* Describes simple array       */
        word ld_tag;
#       define LEAF_TAG 1
        word ld_size;           /* bytes per element    */
                                /* multiple of ALIGNMENT        */
        word ld_nelements;      /* Number of elements.  */
        GC_descr ld_descriptor; /* A simple length, bitmap,     */
                                /* or procedure descriptor.     */
    } ld;
    struct ComplexArrayDescriptor {
        word ad_tag;
#       define ARRAY_TAG 2
        word ad_nelements;
        union ComplexDescriptor * ad_element_descr;
    } ad;
    struct SequenceDescriptor {
        word sd_tag;
#       define SEQUENCE_TAG 3
        union ComplexDescriptor * sd_first;
        union ComplexDescriptor * sd_second;
    } sd;
} complex_descriptor;
#define TAG ld.ld_tag

ext_descr * GC_ext_descriptors; /* Points to array of extended  */
                                /* descriptors.                 */

word GC_ed_size = 0;    /* Current size of above arrays.        */
# define ED_INITIAL_SIZE 100;

word GC_avail_descr = 0;        /* Next available slot.         */

int GC_typed_mark_proc_index;   /* Indices of my mark           */
int GC_array_mark_proc_index;   /* procedures.                  */

/* Add a multiword bitmap to GC_ext_descriptors arrays.  Return */
/* starting index.                                              */
/* Returns -1 on failure.                                       */
/* Caller does not hold allocation lock.                        */
signed_word GC_add_ext_descriptor(bm, nbits)
GC_bitmap bm;
word nbits;
{
    register size_t nwords = divWORDSZ(nbits + WORDSZ-1);
    register signed_word result;
    register word i;
    register word last_part;
    register int extra_bits;
    DCL_LOCK_STATE;

    DISABLE_SIGNALS();
    LOCK();
    while (GC_avail_descr + nwords >= GC_ed_size) {
        ext_descr * new;
        size_t new_size;
        word ed_size = GC_ed_size;
        
        UNLOCK();
        ENABLE_SIGNALS();
        if (ed_size == 0) {
            new_size = ED_INITIAL_SIZE;
        } else {
            new_size = 2 * ed_size;
            if (new_size > MAX_ENV) return(-1);
        } 
        new = (ext_descr *) GC_malloc_atomic(new_size * sizeof(ext_descr));
        if (new == 0) return(-1);
        DISABLE_SIGNALS();
        LOCK();
        if (ed_size == GC_ed_size) {
            if (GC_avail_descr != 0) {
                BCOPY(GC_ext_descriptors, new,
                      GC_avail_descr * sizeof(ext_descr));
            }
            GC_ed_size = new_size;
            GC_ext_descriptors = new;
        }  /* else another thread already resized it in the meantime */
    }
    result = GC_avail_descr;
    for (i = 0; i < nwords-1; i++) {
        GC_ext_descriptors[result + i].ed_bitmap = bm[i];
        GC_ext_descriptors[result + i].ed_continued = TRUE;
    }
    last_part = bm[i];
    /* Clear irrelevant bits. */
    extra_bits = nwords * WORDSZ - nbits;
    last_part <<= extra_bits;
    last_part >>= extra_bits;
    GC_ext_descriptors[result + i].ed_bitmap = last_part;
    GC_ext_descriptors[result + i].ed_continued = FALSE;
    GC_avail_descr += nwords;
    UNLOCK();
    ENABLE_SIGNALS();
    return(result);
}

/* Table of bitmap descriptors for n word long all pointer objects.     */
GC_descr GC_bm_table[WORDSZ/2];
        
/* Return a descriptor for the concatenation of 2 nwords long objects,  */
/* each of which is described by descriptor.                            */
/* The result is known to be short enough to fit into a bitmap          */
/* descriptor.                                                          */
/* Descriptor is a GC_DS_LENGTH or GC_DS_BITMAP descriptor.             */
GC_descr GC_double_descr(descriptor, nwords)
register GC_descr descriptor;
register word nwords;
{
    if ((descriptor & GC_DS_TAGS) == GC_DS_LENGTH) {
        descriptor = GC_bm_table[BYTES_TO_WORDS((word)descriptor)];
    };
    descriptor |= (descriptor & ~GC_DS_TAGS) >> nwords;
    return(descriptor);
}

complex_descriptor * GC_make_sequence_descriptor();

/* Build a descriptor for an array with nelements elements,     */
/* each of which can be described by a simple descriptor.       */
/* We try to optimize some common cases.                        */
/* If the result is COMPLEX, then a complex_descr* is returned  */
/* in *complex_d.                                                       */
/* If the result is LEAF, then we built a LeafDescriptor in     */
/* the structure pointed to by leaf.                            */
/* The tag in the leaf structure is not set.                    */
/* If the result is SIMPLE, then a GC_descr                     */
/* is returned in *simple_d.                                    */
/* If the result is NO_MEM, then                                */
/* we failed to allocate the descriptor.                        */
/* The implementation knows that GC_DS_LENGTH is 0.             */
/* *leaf, *complex_d, and *simple_d may be used as temporaries  */
/* during the construction.                                     */
# define COMPLEX 2
# define LEAF 1
# define SIMPLE 0
# define NO_MEM (-1)
int GC_make_array_descriptor(nelements, size, descriptor,
                             simple_d, complex_d, leaf)
word size;
word nelements;
GC_descr descriptor;
GC_descr *simple_d;
complex_descriptor **complex_d;
struct LeafDescriptor * leaf;
{
#   define OPT_THRESHOLD 50
        /* For larger arrays, we try to combine descriptors of adjacent */
        /* descriptors to speed up marking, and to reduce the amount    */
        /* of space needed on the mark stack.                           */
    if ((descriptor & GC_DS_TAGS) == GC_DS_LENGTH) {
      if ((word)descriptor == size) {
        *simple_d = nelements * descriptor;
        return(SIMPLE);
      } else if ((word)descriptor == 0) {
        *simple_d = (GC_descr)0;
        return(SIMPLE);
      }
    }
    if (nelements <= OPT_THRESHOLD) {
      if (nelements <= 1) {
        if (nelements == 1) {
            *simple_d = descriptor;
            return(SIMPLE);
        } else {
            *simple_d = (GC_descr)0;
            return(SIMPLE);
        }
      }
    } else if (size <= BITMAP_BITS/2
               && (descriptor & GC_DS_TAGS) != GC_DS_PROC
               && (size & (sizeof(word)-1)) == 0) {
      int result =      
          GC_make_array_descriptor(nelements/2, 2*size,
                                   GC_double_descr(descriptor,
                                                   BYTES_TO_WORDS(size)),
                                   simple_d, complex_d, leaf);
      if ((nelements & 1) == 0) {
          return(result);
      } else {
          struct LeafDescriptor * one_element =
              (struct LeafDescriptor *)
                GC_malloc_atomic(sizeof(struct LeafDescriptor));
          
          if (result == NO_MEM || one_element == 0) return(NO_MEM);
          one_element -> ld_tag = LEAF_TAG;
          one_element -> ld_size = size;
          one_element -> ld_nelements = 1;
          one_element -> ld_descriptor = descriptor;
          switch(result) {
            case SIMPLE:
            {
              struct LeafDescriptor * beginning =
                (struct LeafDescriptor *)
                  GC_malloc_atomic(sizeof(struct LeafDescriptor));
              if (beginning == 0) return(NO_MEM);
              beginning -> ld_tag = LEAF_TAG;
              beginning -> ld_size = size;
              beginning -> ld_nelements = 1;
              beginning -> ld_descriptor = *simple_d;
              *complex_d = GC_make_sequence_descriptor(
                                (complex_descriptor *)beginning,
                                (complex_descriptor *)one_element);
              break;
            }
            case LEAF:
            {
              struct LeafDescriptor * beginning =
                (struct LeafDescriptor *)
                  GC_malloc_atomic(sizeof(struct LeafDescriptor));
              if (beginning == 0) return(NO_MEM);
              beginning -> ld_tag = LEAF_TAG;
              beginning -> ld_size = leaf -> ld_size;
              beginning -> ld_nelements = leaf -> ld_nelements;
              beginning -> ld_descriptor = leaf -> ld_descriptor;
              *complex_d = GC_make_sequence_descriptor(
                                (complex_descriptor *)beginning,
                                (complex_descriptor *)one_element);
              break;
            }
            case COMPLEX:
              *complex_d = GC_make_sequence_descriptor(
                                *complex_d,
                                (complex_descriptor *)one_element);
              break;
          }
          return(COMPLEX);
      }
    }
    {
        leaf -> ld_size = size;
        leaf -> ld_nelements = nelements;
        leaf -> ld_descriptor = descriptor;
        return(LEAF);
    }
}

complex_descriptor * GC_make_sequence_descriptor(first, second)
complex_descriptor * first;
complex_descriptor * second;
{
    struct SequenceDescriptor * result =
        (struct SequenceDescriptor *)
                GC_malloc(sizeof(struct SequenceDescriptor));
    /* Can't result in overly conservative marking, since tags are      */
    /* very small integers. Probably faster than maintaining type       */
    /* info.                                                            */    
    if (result != 0) {
        result -> sd_tag = SEQUENCE_TAG;
        result -> sd_first = first;
        result -> sd_second = second;
    }
    return((complex_descriptor *)result);
}

#ifdef UNDEFINED
complex_descriptor * GC_make_complex_array_descriptor(nelements, descr)
word nelements;
complex_descriptor * descr;
{
    struct ComplexArrayDescriptor * result =
        (struct ComplexArrayDescriptor *)
                GC_malloc(sizeof(struct ComplexArrayDescriptor));
    
    if (result != 0) {
        result -> ad_tag = ARRAY_TAG;
        result -> ad_nelements = nelements;
        result -> ad_element_descr = descr;
    }
    return((complex_descriptor *)result);
}
#endif

ptr_t * GC_eobjfreelist;

ptr_t * GC_arobjfreelist;

mse * GC_typed_mark_proc GC_PROTO((register word * addr,
                                   register mse * mark_stack_ptr,
                                   mse * mark_stack_limit,
                                   word env));

mse * GC_array_mark_proc GC_PROTO((register word * addr,
                                   register mse * mark_stack_ptr,
                                   mse * mark_stack_limit,
                                   word env));

/* Caller does not hold allocation lock. */
void GC_init_explicit_typing()
{
    register int i;
    DCL_LOCK_STATE;

    
#   ifdef PRINTSTATS
        if (sizeof(struct LeafDescriptor) % sizeof(word) != 0)
            ABORT("Bad leaf descriptor size");
#   endif
    DISABLE_SIGNALS();
    LOCK();
    if (GC_explicit_typing_initialized) {
      UNLOCK();
      ENABLE_SIGNALS();
      return;
    }
    GC_explicit_typing_initialized = TRUE;
    /* Set up object kind with simple indirect descriptor. */
      GC_eobjfreelist = (ptr_t *)GC_new_free_list_inner();
      GC_explicit_kind = GC_new_kind_inner(
                            (void **)GC_eobjfreelist,
                            (((word)WORDS_TO_BYTES(-1)) | GC_DS_PER_OBJECT),
                            TRUE, TRUE);
                /* Descriptors are in the last word of the object. */
      GC_typed_mark_proc_index = GC_new_proc_inner(GC_typed_mark_proc);
    /* Set up object kind with array descriptor. */
      GC_arobjfreelist = (ptr_t *)GC_new_free_list_inner();
      GC_array_mark_proc_index = GC_new_proc_inner(GC_array_mark_proc);
      GC_array_kind = GC_new_kind_inner(
                            (void **)GC_arobjfreelist,
                            GC_MAKE_PROC(GC_array_mark_proc_index, 0),
                            FALSE, TRUE);
      for (i = 0; i < WORDSZ/2; i++) {
          GC_descr d = (((word)(-1)) >> (WORDSZ - i)) << (WORDSZ - i);
          d |= GC_DS_BITMAP;
          GC_bm_table[i] = d;
      }
    UNLOCK();
    ENABLE_SIGNALS();
}

# if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
    mse * GC_typed_mark_proc(register word * addr,
                             register mse * mark_stack_ptr,
                             mse * mark_stack_limit,
                             word env)
# else
    mse * GC_typed_mark_proc(addr, mark_stack_ptr, mark_stack_limit, env)
    register word * addr;
    register mse * mark_stack_ptr;
    mse * mark_stack_limit;
    word env;
# endif
{
    register word bm = GC_ext_descriptors[env].ed_bitmap;
    register word * current_p = addr;
    register word current;
    register ptr_t greatest_ha = GC_greatest_plausible_heap_addr;
    register ptr_t least_ha = GC_least_plausible_heap_addr;
    
    for (; bm != 0; bm >>= 1, current_p++) {
        if (bm & 1) {
            current = *current_p;
            FIXUP_POINTER(current);
            if ((ptr_t)current >= least_ha && (ptr_t)current <= greatest_ha) {
                PUSH_CONTENTS((ptr_t)current, mark_stack_ptr,
                              mark_stack_limit, current_p, exit1);
            }
        }
    }
    if (GC_ext_descriptors[env].ed_continued) {
        /* Push an entry with the rest of the descriptor back onto the  */
        /* stack.  Thus we never do too much work at once.  Note that   */
        /* we also can't overflow the mark stack unless we actually     */
        /* mark something.                                              */
        mark_stack_ptr++;
        if (mark_stack_ptr >= mark_stack_limit) {
            mark_stack_ptr = GC_signal_mark_stack_overflow(mark_stack_ptr);
        }
        mark_stack_ptr -> mse_start = addr + WORDSZ;
        mark_stack_ptr -> mse_descr =
                GC_MAKE_PROC(GC_typed_mark_proc_index, env+1);
    }
    return(mark_stack_ptr);
}

/* Return the size of the object described by d.  It would be faster to */
/* store this directly, or to compute it as part of                     */
/* GC_push_complex_descriptor, but hopefully it doesn't matter.         */
word GC_descr_obj_size(d)
register complex_descriptor *d;
{
    switch(d -> TAG) {
      case LEAF_TAG:
        return(d -> ld.ld_nelements * d -> ld.ld_size);
      case ARRAY_TAG:
        return(d -> ad.ad_nelements
               * GC_descr_obj_size(d -> ad.ad_element_descr));
      case SEQUENCE_TAG:
        return(GC_descr_obj_size(d -> sd.sd_first)
               + GC_descr_obj_size(d -> sd.sd_second));
      default:
        ABORT("Bad complex descriptor");
        /*NOTREACHED*/ return 0; /*NOTREACHED*/
    }
}

/* Push descriptors for the object at addr with complex descriptor d    */
/* onto the mark stack.  Return 0 if the mark stack overflowed.         */
mse * GC_push_complex_descriptor(addr, d, msp, msl)
word * addr;
register complex_descriptor *d;
register mse * msp;
mse * msl;
{
    register ptr_t current = (ptr_t) addr;
    register word nelements;
    register word sz;
    register word i;
    
    switch(d -> TAG) {
      case LEAF_TAG:
        {
          register GC_descr descr = d -> ld.ld_descriptor;
          
          nelements = d -> ld.ld_nelements;
          if (msl - msp <= (ptrdiff_t)nelements) return(0);
          sz = d -> ld.ld_size;
          for (i = 0; i < nelements; i++) {
              msp++;
              msp -> mse_start = (word *)current;
              msp -> mse_descr = descr;
              current += sz;
          }
          return(msp);
        }
      case ARRAY_TAG:
        {
          register complex_descriptor *descr = d -> ad.ad_element_descr;
          
          nelements = d -> ad.ad_nelements;
          sz = GC_descr_obj_size(descr);
          for (i = 0; i < nelements; i++) {
              msp = GC_push_complex_descriptor((word *)current, descr,
                                                msp, msl);
              if (msp == 0) return(0);
              current += sz;
          }
          return(msp);
        }
      case SEQUENCE_TAG:
        {
          sz = GC_descr_obj_size(d -> sd.sd_first);
          msp = GC_push_complex_descriptor((word *)current, d -> sd.sd_first,
                                           msp, msl);
          if (msp == 0) return(0);
          current += sz;
          msp = GC_push_complex_descriptor((word *)current, d -> sd.sd_second,
                                           msp, msl);
          return(msp);
        }
      default:
        ABORT("Bad complex descriptor");
        /*NOTREACHED*/ return 0; /*NOTREACHED*/
   }
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
# if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
    mse * GC_array_mark_proc(register word * addr,
                             register mse * mark_stack_ptr,
                             mse * mark_stack_limit,
                             word env)
# else
    mse * GC_array_mark_proc(addr, mark_stack_ptr, mark_stack_limit, env)
    register word * addr;
    register mse * mark_stack_ptr;
    mse * mark_stack_limit;
    word env;
# endif
{
    register hdr * hhdr = HDR(addr);
    register word sz = hhdr -> hb_sz;
    register complex_descriptor * descr = (complex_descriptor *)(addr[sz-1]);
    mse * orig_mark_stack_ptr = mark_stack_ptr;
    mse * new_mark_stack_ptr;
    
    if (descr == 0) {
        /* Found a reference to a free list entry.  Ignore it. */
        return(orig_mark_stack_ptr);
    }
    /* In use counts were already updated when array descriptor was     */
    /* pushed.  Here we only replace it by subobject descriptors, so    */
    /* no update is necessary.                                          */
    new_mark_stack_ptr = GC_push_complex_descriptor(addr, descr,
                                                    mark_stack_ptr,
                                                    mark_stack_limit-1);
    if (new_mark_stack_ptr == 0) {
        /* Doesn't fit.  Conservatively push the whole array as a unit  */
        /* and request a mark stack expansion.                          */
        /* This cannot cause a mark stack overflow, since it replaces   */
        /* the original array entry.                                    */
        GC_mark_stack_too_small = TRUE;
        new_mark_stack_ptr = orig_mark_stack_ptr + 1;
        new_mark_stack_ptr -> mse_start = addr;
        new_mark_stack_ptr -> mse_descr = WORDS_TO_BYTES(sz) | GC_DS_LENGTH;
    } else {
        /* Push descriptor itself */
        new_mark_stack_ptr++;
        new_mark_stack_ptr -> mse_start = addr + sz - 1;
        new_mark_stack_ptr -> mse_descr = sizeof(word) | GC_DS_LENGTH;
    }
    return(new_mark_stack_ptr);
}

#if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
  GC_descr GC_make_descriptor(GC_bitmap bm, size_t len)
#else
  GC_descr GC_make_descriptor(bm, len)
  GC_bitmap bm;
  size_t len;
#endif
{
    register signed_word last_set_bit = len - 1;
    register word result;
    register int i;
#   define HIGH_BIT (((word)1) << (WORDSZ - 1))
    
    if (!GC_explicit_typing_initialized) GC_init_explicit_typing();
    while (last_set_bit >= 0 && !GC_get_bit(bm, last_set_bit)) last_set_bit --;
    if (last_set_bit < 0) return(0 /* no pointers */);
#   if ALIGNMENT == CPP_WORDSZ/8
    {
      register GC_bool all_bits_set = TRUE;
      for (i = 0; i < last_set_bit; i++) {
        if (!GC_get_bit(bm, i)) {
            all_bits_set = FALSE;
            break;
        }
      }
      if (all_bits_set) {
        /* An initial section contains all pointers.  Use length descriptor. */
        return(WORDS_TO_BYTES(last_set_bit+1) | GC_DS_LENGTH);
      }
    }
#   endif
    if (last_set_bit < BITMAP_BITS) {
        /* Hopefully the common case.                   */
        /* Build bitmap descriptor (with bits reversed) */
        result = HIGH_BIT;
        for (i = last_set_bit - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            result >>= 1;
            if (GC_get_bit(bm, i)) result |= HIGH_BIT;
        }
        result |= GC_DS_BITMAP;
        return(result);
    } else {
        signed_word index;
        
        index = GC_add_ext_descriptor(bm, (word)last_set_bit+1);
        if (index == -1) return(WORDS_TO_BYTES(last_set_bit+1) | GC_DS_LENGTH);
                                /* Out of memory: use conservative      */
                                /* approximation.                       */
        result = GC_MAKE_PROC(GC_typed_mark_proc_index, (word)index);
        return(result);
    }
}

ptr_t GC_clear_stack();

#define GENERAL_MALLOC(lb,k) \
    (GC_PTR)GC_clear_stack(GC_generic_malloc((word)lb, k))
    
#define GENERAL_MALLOC_IOP(lb,k) \
    (GC_PTR)GC_clear_stack(GC_generic_malloc_ignore_off_page(lb, k))

#if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
  void * GC_malloc_explicitly_typed(size_t lb, GC_descr d)
#else
  char * GC_malloc_explicitly_typed(lb, d)
  size_t lb;
  GC_descr d;
#endif
{
register ptr_t op;
register ptr_t * opp;
register word lw;
DCL_LOCK_STATE;

    lb += TYPD_EXTRA_BYTES;
    if( SMALL_OBJ(lb) ) {
#       ifdef MERGE_SIZES
          lw = GC_size_map[lb];
#       else
          lw = ALIGNED_WORDS(lb);
#       endif
        opp = &(GC_eobjfreelist[lw]);
        FASTLOCK();
        if( !FASTLOCK_SUCCEEDED() || (op = *opp) == 0 ) {
            FASTUNLOCK();
            op = (ptr_t)GENERAL_MALLOC((word)lb, GC_explicit_kind);
            if (0 == op) return 0;
#           ifdef MERGE_SIZES
                lw = GC_size_map[lb];   /* May have been uninitialized. */
#           endif
        } else {
            *opp = obj_link(op);
            obj_link(op) = 0;
            GC_words_allocd += lw;
            FASTUNLOCK();
        }
   } else {
       op = (ptr_t)GENERAL_MALLOC((word)lb, GC_explicit_kind);
       if (op != NULL)
            lw = BYTES_TO_WORDS(GC_size(op));
   }
   if (op != NULL)
       ((word *)op)[lw - 1] = d;
   return((GC_PTR) op);
}

#if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
  void * GC_malloc_explicitly_typed_ignore_off_page(size_t lb, GC_descr d)
#else
  char * GC_malloc_explicitly_typed_ignore_off_page(lb, d)
  size_t lb;
  GC_descr d;
#endif
{
register ptr_t op;
register ptr_t * opp;
register word lw;
DCL_LOCK_STATE;

    lb += TYPD_EXTRA_BYTES;
    if( SMALL_OBJ(lb) ) {
#       ifdef MERGE_SIZES
          lw = GC_size_map[lb];
#       else
          lw = ALIGNED_WORDS(lb);
#       endif
        opp = &(GC_eobjfreelist[lw]);
        FASTLOCK();
        if( !FASTLOCK_SUCCEEDED() || (op = *opp) == 0 ) {
            FASTUNLOCK();
            op = (ptr_t)GENERAL_MALLOC_IOP(lb, GC_explicit_kind);
#           ifdef MERGE_SIZES
                lw = GC_size_map[lb];   /* May have been uninitialized. */
#           endif
        } else {
            *opp = obj_link(op);
            obj_link(op) = 0;
            GC_words_allocd += lw;
            FASTUNLOCK();
        }
   } else {
       op = (ptr_t)GENERAL_MALLOC_IOP(lb, GC_explicit_kind);
       if (op != NULL)
       lw = BYTES_TO_WORDS(GC_size(op));
   }
   if (op != NULL)
       ((word *)op)[lw - 1] = d;
   return((GC_PTR) op);
}

#if defined(__STDC__) || defined(__cplusplus)
  void * GC_calloc_explicitly_typed(size_t n,
                                    size_t lb,
                                    GC_descr d)
#else
  char * GC_calloc_explicitly_typed(n, lb, d)
  size_t n;
  size_t lb;
  GC_descr d;
#endif
{
register ptr_t op;
register ptr_t * opp;
register word lw;
GC_descr simple_descr;
complex_descriptor *complex_descr;
register int descr_type;
struct LeafDescriptor leaf;
DCL_LOCK_STATE;

    descr_type = GC_make_array_descriptor((word)n, (word)lb, d,
                                          &simple_descr, &complex_descr, &leaf);
    switch(descr_type) {
        case NO_MEM: return(0);
        case SIMPLE: return(GC_malloc_explicitly_typed(n*lb, simple_descr));
        case LEAF:
            lb *= n;
            lb += sizeof(struct LeafDescriptor) + TYPD_EXTRA_BYTES;
            break;
        case COMPLEX:
            lb *= n;
            lb += TYPD_EXTRA_BYTES;
            break;
    }
    if( SMALL_OBJ(lb) ) {
#       ifdef MERGE_SIZES
          lw = GC_size_map[lb];
#       else
          lw = ALIGNED_WORDS(lb);
#       endif
        opp = &(GC_arobjfreelist[lw]);
        FASTLOCK();
        if( !FASTLOCK_SUCCEEDED() || (op = *opp) == 0 ) {
            FASTUNLOCK();
            op = (ptr_t)GENERAL_MALLOC((word)lb, GC_array_kind);
            if (0 == op) return(0);
#           ifdef MERGE_SIZES
                lw = GC_size_map[lb];   /* May have been uninitialized. */            
#           endif
        } else {
            *opp = obj_link(op);
            obj_link(op) = 0;
            GC_words_allocd += lw;
            FASTUNLOCK();
        }
   } else {
       op = (ptr_t)GENERAL_MALLOC((word)lb, GC_array_kind);
       if (0 == op) return(0);
       lw = BYTES_TO_WORDS(GC_size(op));
   }
   if (descr_type == LEAF) {
       /* Set up the descriptor inside the object itself. */
       VOLATILE struct LeafDescriptor * lp =
           (struct LeafDescriptor *)
               ((word *)op
                + lw - (BYTES_TO_WORDS(sizeof(struct LeafDescriptor)) + 1));
                
       lp -> ld_tag = LEAF_TAG;
       lp -> ld_size = leaf.ld_size;
       lp -> ld_nelements = leaf.ld_nelements;
       lp -> ld_descriptor = leaf.ld_descriptor;
       ((VOLATILE word *)op)[lw - 1] = (word)lp;
   } else {
       extern unsigned GC_finalization_failures;
       unsigned ff = GC_finalization_failures;
       
       ((word *)op)[lw - 1] = (word)complex_descr;
       /* Make sure the descriptor is cleared once there is any danger  */
       /* it may have been collected.                                   */
       (void)
         GC_general_register_disappearing_link((GC_PTR *)
                                                  ((word *)op+lw-1),
                                                  (GC_PTR) op);
       if (ff != GC_finalization_failures) {
           /* Couldn't register it due to lack of memory.  Punt.        */
           /* This will probably fail too, but gives the recovery code  */
           /* a chance.                                                 */
           return(GC_malloc(n*lb));
       }                                  
   }
   return((GC_PTR) op);
}