| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//Samba-Team//DTD DocBook V4.2-Based Variant V1.0//EN" "http://www.samba.org/samba/DTD/samba-doc">
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| 3 | <chapter id="small">
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| 4 | <title>Small Office Networking</title>
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| 5 |
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| 6 | <para>
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| 7 | <link linkend="simple"/> focused on the basics of simple yet effective
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| 8 | network solutions. Network administrators who take pride in their work
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| 9 | (that's most of us, right?) take care to deliver what our users want,
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| 10 | but not too much more. If we make things too complex, we confound our users
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| 11 | and increase costs of network ownership. A professional network manager
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| 12 | avoids the temptation to put too much pizazz into the way that the network
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| 13 | operates. Some creativity is helpful, but keep it under control &smbmdash;
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| 14 | good advice that the following two scenarios illustrate.
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| 15 | </para>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <para>
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| 18 | <indexterm><primary>Netware</primary></indexterm>
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| 19 | In one case the network administrator of a mid-sized company spent three
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| 20 | months building a new network to replace an old Netware server. What he
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| 21 | delivered had all the bells and whistles he could muster. There were a
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| 22 | few teething problems during the changeover, nothing serious but a little
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| 23 | disruptive all the same. Users were exposed to many changes at once. The
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| 24 | network administrator was asked to resign two months after implementing
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| 25 | the new system because so many staff complained they had lost time and
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| 26 | were not happy with the new network. Everything was automated, and he
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| 27 | delivered more features than any advanced user could think of. He was
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| 28 | just too smart for his own good.
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| 29 | </para>
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| 30 |
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| 31 | <para>
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| 32 | In the case of the other company, a new network manager was appointed
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| 33 | to oversee the replacement of a LanTastic network with an MS Windows
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| 34 | NT 4.0 network. He had the replacement installed and operational within
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| 35 | two weeks. Before installation and changeover, he called a meeting to
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| 36 | explain to all users what was going to happen, how it would affect them,
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| 37 | and that he would be available 24 hours a day to help them transition.
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| 38 | One week after conversion, he held another meeting asking for cooperation
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| 39 | in the introduction of a few new features that would help to make life
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| 40 | easier. Network users were thrilled with the help he provided. The network
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| 41 | he implemented was nowhere near as complex as in the first example, had fewer
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| 42 | features, and yet he had happy users. Months later he was still adding
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| 43 | new innovations. He always asked the users if a
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| 44 | particular feature was what they wanted. He asked his boss for a raise
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| 45 | and got it. He often told me, <quote>Always keep a few new tricks up your
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| 46 | sleeves for when you need them.</quote> Was he smart? You decide. Let's
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| 47 | get on with our next exercise.
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| 48 | </para>
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| 49 |
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| 50 | <sect1>
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| 51 | <title>Introduction</title>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <para>
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| 54 | Abmas Accounting has grown. Mr. Meany likes you and says he knew you
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| 55 | were the right person for the job. That's why he asked you to install the
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| 56 | new server. The past few months have been hard work. You advised Mr. Meany
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| 57 | that it is time for a change. Abmas now has 52 users, having acquired an
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| 58 | investment consulting business recently. The new users were added to the
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| 59 | network without any problems.
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| 60 | </para>
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| 61 |
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| 62 | <para>
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| 63 | Some of the Windows clients are nearly past their use-by date. You found damaged and unusable software on
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| 64 | some of the workstations that came with the acquired business and found some machines in need of both
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| 65 | hardware and software maintenance.
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| 66 | </para>
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| 67 |
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| 68 | <sect2>
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| 69 | <title>Assignment Tasks</title>
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| 70 |
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| 71 | <para>
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| 72 | <indexterm><primary>Windows XP</primary></indexterm>
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| 73 | Mr. Meany is retiring in 12 months. Before he goes, he wants you to help ensure
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| 74 | that the business is running efficiently. Many of the new staff want notebook
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| 75 | computers. They visit customer business premises and need to use local network
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| 76 | facilities; these users are technically competent. The company uses a
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| 77 | business application that requires Windows XP Professional. In short, a complete
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| 78 | client upgrade is about to happen. Mr. Meany told you that he is working
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| 79 | on another business acquisition and that by the time he retires there will be
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| 80 | 80 to 100 users.
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| 81 | </para>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <para>
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| 84 | Mr. Meany is not concerned about security. He wants to make it easier for
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| 85 | staff to do their work. He has hired you to help him appoint a full-time
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| 86 | network manager before he retires. Above all, he says he is investing in
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| 87 | the ability to grow. He is determined to live his lifelong dream and
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| 88 | hand the business over to a bright and capable executive who can make
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| 89 | things happen. This means your network design must cope well with
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| 90 | growth.
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| 91 | </para>
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| 92 |
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| 93 | <para>
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| 94 | In a few months, Abmas will require an Internet connection for email and so
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| 95 | that staff can easily obtain software updates. Mr. Meany is warming up to
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| 96 | the installation of antivirus software but is not yet ready to approve
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| 97 | this expense. He told you to spend the money a virus scanner costs
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| 98 | on better quality notebook computers for mobile users.
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| 99 | </para>
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| 100 |
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| 101 | <para>
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| 102 | One of Mr. Meany's golfing partners convinced him to buy new laser
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| 103 | printers, one black only, the other a color laser printer. Staff support
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| 104 | the need for a color printer so they can present more attractive proposals
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| 105 | and reports.
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| 106 | </para>
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| 107 |
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| 108 | <para>
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| 109 | Mr. Meany also asked if it would be possible for one of the staff to manage
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| 110 | user accounts from the Windows desktop. That person will be responsible for
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| 111 | basic operations.
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| 112 | </para>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | </sect2>
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| 115 | </sect1>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <sect1>
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| 118 | <title>Dissection and Discussion</title>
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| 119 |
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| 120 | <para>
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| 121 | What are the key requirements in this business example? A quick review indicates
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| 122 | a need for
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| 123 | </para>
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| 124 |
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| 125 | <itemizedlist>
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| 126 | <listitem><para>
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| 127 | Scalability, from 52 to over 100 users in 12 months
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| 128 | </para></listitem>
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| 129 |
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| 130 | <listitem><para>
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| 131 | Mobile computing capability
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| 132 | <indexterm><primary>mobile computing</primary></indexterm>
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| 133 | </para></listitem>
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| 134 |
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| 135 | <listitem><para>
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| 136 | Improved reliability and usability
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| 137 | </para></listitem>
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| 138 |
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| 139 | <listitem><para>
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| 140 | Easier administration
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| 141 | </para></listitem>
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| 142 | </itemizedlist>
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| 143 |
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| 144 | <para>
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| 145 | In this instance the installed Linux system is assumed to be a Red Hat Linux Fedora Core2 server
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| 146 | (as in <link linkend="AccountingOffice"/>).
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| 147 |
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| 148 | </para>
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| 149 |
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <sect2>
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| 152 | <title>Technical Issues</title>
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| 153 |
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| 154 | <para>
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| 155 | <indexterm><primary>smbpasswd</primary></indexterm>
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| 156 | <indexterm><primary>DHCP</primary></indexterm>
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| 157 | <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>
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| 158 | <indexterm><primary>WINS</primary></indexterm>
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| 159 | <indexterm><primary>Domain</primary></indexterm>
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| 160 | It is time to implement a domain security environment. You will use the <constant>
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| 161 | smbpasswd</constant> (default) backend. You should implement a DHCP server. There is no need to
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| 162 | run DNS at this time, but the system will use WINS. The domain name will be <constant>
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| 163 | BILLMORE</constant>. This time, the name of the server will be <constant>SLEETH</constant>.
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| 164 | </para>
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| 165 |
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| 166 | <para>
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| 167 | All printers will be configured as DHCP clients. The DHCP server will assign
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| 168 | the printer a fixed IP address by way of its Ethernet interface (MAC) address.
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| 169 | See <link linkend="dhcp01"/>.
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| 170 | </para>
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| 171 |
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| 172 | <note><para>
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| 173 | The &smb.conf; file you are creating in this exercise can be used with equal effectiveness
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| 174 | with Samba-2.2.x series releases. This is deliberate so that in the next chapter it is
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| 175 | possible to start with the installation that you have created here, migrate it
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| 176 | to a Samba configuration, and then secure the system further. Configurations following
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| 177 | this one utilize features that may not be supported in Samba-2.2.x releases.
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| 178 | However, you should note that the examples in each chapter start with the assumption
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| 179 | that a fresh new installation is being effected.
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| 180 | </para></note>
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| 181 |
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| 182 | <para>
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| 183 | Later on, when the Internet connection is implemented, you will add DNS as well as
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| 184 | other enhancements. It is important that you plan accordingly.
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| 185 | </para>
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| 186 |
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| 187 | <para>
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| 188 | <indexterm><primary>Ethernet switch</primary></indexterm>
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| 189 | You have split the network into two separate areas. Each has its own Ethernet switch.
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| 190 | There are 20 users on the accounting network and 32 users on the financial services
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| 191 | network. The server has two network interfaces, one serving each network. The
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| 192 | network printers will be located in a central area. You plan to install the new
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| 193 | printers and keep the old printer in use also.
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| 194 | </para>
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| 195 |
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| 196 | <para>
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| 197 | You will provide separate file storage areas for each business entity. The old system
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| 198 | will go away, accounting files will be handled under a single directory, and files will
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| 199 | be stored under customer name, not under a personal work area. Staff will be made
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| 200 | responsible for file location, so the old share point must be maintained.
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| 201 | </para>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <para>
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| 204 | Given that DNS will not be used, you will configure WINS name resolution for UNIX
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| 205 | hostname name resolution.
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| 206 | </para>
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| 207 |
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| 208 | <para>
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| 209 | <indexterm><primary>Domain</primary><secondary>groups</secondary></indexterm>
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| 210 | <indexterm><primary>UNIX</primary><secondary>groups</secondary></indexterm>
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| 211 | It is necessary to map Windows Domain Groups to UNIX groups. It is
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| 212 | advisable to also map Windows Local Groups to UNIX groups. Additionally, the two
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| 213 | key staff groups in the firm are accounting staff and financial services staff.
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| 214 | For these, it is necessary to create UNIX groups as well as Windows Domain Groups.
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| 215 | </para>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <para>
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| 218 | In the sample &smb.conf; file, you have configured Samba to call the UNIX
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| 219 | <command>groupadd</command> to add group entries. This utility does not permit
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| 220 | the addition of group names that contain uppercase characters or spaces. This
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| 221 | is considered a bug. The <command>groupadd</command> is part of the
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| 222 | <command>shadow-utils</command> open source software package. A later release
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| 223 | of this package may have been patched to resolve this bug. If your operating
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| 224 | platform has this bug, it means that attempts to add a Windows Domain Group that
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| 225 | has either a space or uppercase characters in it will fail. See
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| 226 | <emphasis>TOSHARG2</emphasis>, Chapter 11, Section 11.3.1, Example 11.1, for
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| 227 | more information.
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| 228 | </para>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <para>
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| 231 | <indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm>
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| 232 | Vendor-supplied printer drivers will be installed on each client. The CUPS print
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| 233 | spooler on the UNIX host will be operated in <constant>raw</constant> mode.
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| 234 | </para>
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| 235 |
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| 236 | </sect2>
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| 237 |
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| 238 | <sect2>
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| 239 | <title>Political Issues</title>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | <para>
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| 242 | Mr. Meany is an old-school manager. He sets the rules and wants to see compliance.
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| 243 | He is willing to spend money on things he believes are of value. You need more
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| 244 | time to convince him of real priorities.
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| 245 | </para>
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| 246 |
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| 247 | <para>
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| 248 | Go ahead, buy better notebooks. Wouldn't it be neat if they happened to be
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| 249 | supplied with antivirus software? Above all, demonstrate good purchase value and remember
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| 250 | to make your users happy.
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| 251 | </para>
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| 252 |
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| 253 | </sect2>
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| 254 |
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| 255 | </sect1>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <sect1>
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| 258 | <title>Implementation</title>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <para>
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| 261 | <indexterm><primary>migration</primary></indexterm>
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| 262 | In this example, the assumption is made that this server is being configured from a clean start.
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| 263 | The alternate approach could be to demonstrate the migration of the system that is documented
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| 264 | in <link linkend="AcctgNet"/> to meet the new requirements. The decision to treat this case, as with
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| 265 | future examples, as a new installation is based on the premise that you can determine
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| 266 | the migration steps from the information provided in <link linkend="ntmigration"/>.
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| 267 | Additionally, a fresh installation makes the example easier to follow.
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| 268 | </para>
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| 269 |
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| 270 | <para>
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| 271 | <indexterm><primary>group membership</primary></indexterm>
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| 272 | Each user will be given a home directory on the UNIX system, which will be available as a private
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| 273 | share. Two additional shares will be created, one for the accounting department and the other for
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| 274 | the financial services department. Network users will be given access to these shares by way
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| 275 | of group membership.
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| 276 | </para>
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| 277 |
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| 278 | <para>
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| 279 | <indexterm><primary>UNIX</primary><secondary>groups</secondary></indexterm>
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| 280 | UNIX group membership is the primary mechanism by which Windows Domain users will be granted
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| 281 | rights and privileges within the Windows environment.
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| 282 | </para>
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| 283 |
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| 284 | <para>
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| 285 | <indexterm><primary>sticky bit</primary></indexterm>
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| 286 | The user <command>alanm</command> will be made the owner of all files. This will be preserved
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| 287 | by setting the sticky bit (set UID/GID) on the top-level directories.
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| 288 | </para>
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| 289 |
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| 290 | <para>
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| 291 | <figure id="acct2net">
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| 292 | <title>Abmas Accounting &smbmdash; 52-User Network Topology</title>
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| 293 | <imagefile scale="100">acct2net</imagefile>
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| 294 | </figure>
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| 295 | </para>
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| 296 |
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| 297 | <procedure>
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| 298 | <title>Server Installation Steps</title>
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| 299 |
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| 300 | <step><para>
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| 301 | Using UNIX/Linux system tools, name the server <constant>sleeth</constant>.
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| 302 | </para></step>
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| 303 |
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| 304 | <step><para>
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| 305 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/hosts</primary></indexterm>
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| 306 | Place an entry for the machine <constant>sleeth</constant> in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>.
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| 307 | The printers are network attached, so there should be entries for the
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| 308 | network printers also. An example <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file is shown here:
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| 309 | <screen>
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| 310 | 192.168.1.1 sleeth sleeth1
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| 311 | 192.168.2.1 sleeth2
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| 312 | 192.168.1.10 hplj6
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| 313 | 192.168.1.11 hplj4
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| 314 | 192.168.2.10 qms
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| 315 | </screen>
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| 316 | </para></step>
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| 317 |
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| 318 | <step><para>
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| 319 | Install the Samba binary RPM from the Samba-Team FTP site.
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| 320 | </para></step>
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| 321 |
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| 322 | <step><para>
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| 323 | Install the ISC DHCP server using the UNIX/Linux system tools available to you.
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| 324 | </para></step>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | <step><para>
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| 327 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/rc.d/rc.local</primary></indexterm>
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| 328 | <indexterm><primary>IP forwarding</primary></indexterm>
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| 329 | <indexterm><primary>router</primary></indexterm>
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| 330 | <indexterm><primary>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</primary></indexterm>
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| 331 | Because Samba will be operating over two network interfaces and clients on each side
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| 332 | may want to be able to reach clients on the other side, it is imperative that IP forwarding
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| 333 | is enabled. Use the system tool of your choice to enable IP forwarding. In the
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| 334 | absence of such a tool on the Linux system, add to the <filename>/etc/rc.d/rc.local</filename>
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| 335 | file an entry as follows:
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| 336 | <screen>
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| 337 | echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
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| 338 | </screen>
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| 339 | This causes the Linux kernel to forward IP packets so that it acts as a router.
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| 340 | </para></step>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <step><para>
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| 343 | Install the &smb.conf; file as shown in <link linkend="acct2conf"/> and
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| 344 | <link linkend="acct3conf"/>. Combine these two examples to form a single
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| 345 | <filename>/etc/samba/smb.conf</filename> file.
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| 346 | </para></step>
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| 347 |
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| 348 | <step><para>
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| 349 | <indexterm><primary>smbpasswd</primary></indexterm>
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| 350 | Add the user <command>root</command> to the Samba password backend:
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| 351 | <screen>
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| 352 | &rootprompt; smbpasswd -a root
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| 353 | New SMB password: XXXXXXX
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| 354 | Retype new SMB password: XXXXXXX
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| 355 | &rootprompt;
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| 356 | </screen>
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| 357 | <indexterm><primary>administrator</primary></indexterm>
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| 358 | This is the Windows Domain Administrator password. Never delete this account from
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| 359 | the password backend after Windows Domain Groups have been initialized. If you delete
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| 360 | this account, your system is crippled. You cannot restore this account,
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| 361 | and your Samba server can no longer be administered.
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| 362 | </para></step>
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| 363 |
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| 364 | <step><para>
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| 365 | <indexterm><primary>username map</primary></indexterm>
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| 366 | Create the username map file to permit the <constant>root</constant> account to be called
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| 367 | <constant>Administrator</constant> from the Windows network environment. To do this, create
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| 368 | the file <filename>/etc/samba/smbusers</filename> with the following contents:
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| 369 | <screen>
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| 370 | ####
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| 371 | # User mapping file
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| 372 | ####
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| 373 | # File Format
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| 374 | # -----------
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| 375 | # Unix_ID = Windows_ID
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| 376 | #
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| 377 | # Examples:
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| 378 | # root = Administrator
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| 379 | # janes = "Jane Smith"
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| 380 | # jimbo = Jim Bones
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| 381 | #
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| 382 | # Note: If the name contains a space it must be double quoted.
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| 383 | # In the example above the name 'jimbo' will be mapped to Windows
|
|---|
| 384 | # user names 'Jim' and 'Bones' because the space was not quoted.
|
|---|
| 385 | #######################################################################
|
|---|
| 386 | root = Administrator
|
|---|
| 387 | ####
|
|---|
| 388 | # End of File
|
|---|
| 389 | ####
|
|---|
| 390 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 391 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 392 |
|
|---|
| 393 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 394 | <indexterm><primary>initGrps.sh</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 395 | Create and map Windows Domain Groups to UNIX groups. A sample script is provided in
|
|---|
| 396 | <link linkend="initGrps"/>. Create a file containing this script. We called ours
|
|---|
| 397 | <filename>/etc/samba/initGrps.sh</filename>. Set this file so it can be executed,
|
|---|
| 398 | and then execute the script. Sample output should be as follows:
|
|---|
| 399 |
|
|---|
| 400 | <example id="initGrps">
|
|---|
| 401 | <title>Script to Map Windows NT Groups to UNIX Groups</title>
|
|---|
| 402 | <indexterm><primary>initGrps.sh</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 403 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 404 | #!/bin/bash
|
|---|
| 405 | #
|
|---|
| 406 | # initGrps.sh
|
|---|
| 407 | #
|
|---|
| 408 |
|
|---|
| 409 | # Create UNIX groups
|
|---|
| 410 | groupadd acctsdep
|
|---|
| 411 | groupadd finsrvcs
|
|---|
| 412 |
|
|---|
| 413 | # Map Windows Domain Groups to UNIX groups
|
|---|
| 414 | net groupmap add ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=root type=d
|
|---|
| 415 | net groupmap add ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users type=d
|
|---|
| 416 | net groupmap add ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nobody type=d
|
|---|
| 417 |
|
|---|
| 418 | # Add Functional Domain Groups
|
|---|
| 419 | net groupmap add ntgroup="Accounts Dept" unixgroup=acctsdep type=d
|
|---|
| 420 | net groupmap add ntgroup="Financial Services" unixgroup=finsrvcs type=d
|
|---|
| 421 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 422 | </example>
|
|---|
| 423 |
|
|---|
| 424 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 425 | &rootprompt; chmod 755 initGrps.sh
|
|---|
| 426 | &rootprompt; cd /etc/samba
|
|---|
| 427 | &rootprompt; ./initGrps.sh
|
|---|
| 428 | Updated mapping entry for Domain Admins
|
|---|
| 429 | Updated mapping entry for Domain Users
|
|---|
| 430 | Updated mapping entry for Domain Guests
|
|---|
| 431 | No rid or sid specified, choosing algorithmic mapping
|
|---|
| 432 | Successfully added group Accounts Dept to the mapping db
|
|---|
| 433 | No rid or sid specified, choosing algorithmic mapping
|
|---|
| 434 | Successfully added group Domain Guests to the mapping db
|
|---|
| 435 |
|
|---|
| 436 | &rootprompt; cd /etc/samba
|
|---|
| 437 | &rootprompt; net groupmap list | sort
|
|---|
| 438 | Account Operators (S-1-5-32-548) -> -1
|
|---|
| 439 | Accounts Dept (S-1-5-21-194350-25496802-3394589-2003) -> acctsdep
|
|---|
| 440 | Administrators (S-1-5-32-544) -> -1
|
|---|
| 441 | Backup Operators (S-1-5-32-551) -> -1
|
|---|
| 442 | Domain Admins (S-1-5-21-194350-25496802-3394589-512) -> root
|
|---|
| 443 | Domain Guests (S-1-5-21-194350-25496802-3394589-514) -> nobody
|
|---|
| 444 | Domain Users (S-1-5-21-194350-25496802-3394589-513) -> users
|
|---|
| 445 | Financial Services (S-1-5-21-194350-25496802-3394589-2005) -> finsrvcs
|
|---|
| 446 | Guests (S-1-5-32-546) -> -1
|
|---|
| 447 | Power Users (S-1-5-32-547) -> -1
|
|---|
| 448 | Print Operators (S-1-5-32-550) -> -1
|
|---|
| 449 | Replicators (S-1-5-32-552) -> -1
|
|---|
| 450 | System Operators (S-1-5-32-549) -> -1
|
|---|
| 451 | Users (S-1-5-32-545) -> -1
|
|---|
| 452 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 453 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 454 |
|
|---|
| 455 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 456 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/passwd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 457 | <indexterm><primary>password</primary><secondary>backend</secondary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 458 | <indexterm><primary>smbpasswd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 459 | For each user who needs to be given a Windows Domain account, make an entry in the
|
|---|
| 460 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file as well as in the Samba password backend.
|
|---|
| 461 | Use the system tool of your choice to create the UNIX system accounts, and use the Samba
|
|---|
| 462 | <command>smbpasswd</command> program to create the Domain user accounts.
|
|---|
| 463 | </para>
|
|---|
| 464 |
|
|---|
| 465 | <para>
|
|---|
| 466 | <indexterm><primary>useradd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 467 | <indexterm><primary>adduser</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 468 | <indexterm><primary>user</primary><secondary>management</secondary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 469 | There are a number of tools for user management under UNIX, such as
|
|---|
| 470 | <command>useradd</command> and <command>adduser</command>, as well as a plethora of custom
|
|---|
| 471 | tools. With the tool of your choice, create a home directory for each user.
|
|---|
| 472 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 473 |
|
|---|
| 474 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 475 | Using the preferred tool for your UNIX system, add each user to the UNIX groups created
|
|---|
| 476 | previously, as necessary. File system access control will be based on UNIX group membership.
|
|---|
| 477 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 478 |
|
|---|
| 479 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 480 | Create the directory mount point for the disk subsystem that is mounted to provide
|
|---|
| 481 | data storage for company files. In this case the mount point is indicated in the &smb.conf;
|
|---|
| 482 | file is <filename>/data</filename>. Format the file system as required, mount the formatted
|
|---|
| 483 | file system partition using <command>mount</command>,
|
|---|
| 484 | and make the appropriate changes in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
|
|---|
| 485 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 486 |
|
|---|
| 487 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 488 | Create the top-level file storage directories are follows:
|
|---|
| 489 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 490 | &rootprompt; mkdir -p /data/{accounts,finsvcs}
|
|---|
| 491 | &rootprompt; chown -R root:root /data
|
|---|
| 492 | &rootprompt; chown -R alanm:acctsdep /data/accounts
|
|---|
| 493 | &rootprompt; chown -R alanm:finsrvcs /data/finsrvcs
|
|---|
| 494 | &rootprompt; chmod -R ug+rwx,o+rx-w /data
|
|---|
| 495 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 496 | Each department is responsible for creating its own directory structure within its
|
|---|
| 497 | share. The directory root of the <command>accounts</command> share is <filename>/data/accounts</filename>.
|
|---|
| 498 | The directory root of the <command>finsvcs</command> share is <filename>/data/finsvcs</filename>.
|
|---|
| 499 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 500 |
|
|---|
| 501 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 502 | Configure the printers with the IP addresses as shown in <link linkend="acct2net"/>.
|
|---|
| 503 | Follow the instructions in the manufacturers' manuals to permit printing to port 9100.
|
|---|
| 504 | This allows the CUPS spooler to print using raw mode protocols.
|
|---|
| 505 | <indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 506 | <indexterm><primary>raw printing</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 507 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 508 |
|
|---|
| 509 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 510 | <indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary><secondary>queue</secondary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 511 | <indexterm><primary>lpadmin</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 512 | Configure the CUPS Print Queues as follows:
|
|---|
| 513 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 514 | &rootprompt; lpadmin -p hplj4 -v socket://192.168.1.11:9100 -E
|
|---|
| 515 | &rootprompt; lpadmin -p hplj6 -v socket://192.168.1.10:9100 -E
|
|---|
| 516 | &rootprompt; lpadmin -p qms -v socket://192.168.2.10:9100 -E
|
|---|
| 517 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 518 | <indexterm><primary>print filter</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 519 | This creates the necessary print queues with no assigned print filter.
|
|---|
| 520 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 521 |
|
|---|
| 522 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 523 | <indexterm><primary>mime type</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 524 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/mime.convs</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 525 | <indexterm><primary>application/octet-stream</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 526 | Edit the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.convs</filename> to uncomment the line:
|
|---|
| 527 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 528 | application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -
|
|---|
| 529 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 530 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 531 |
|
|---|
| 532 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 533 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/mime.types</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 534 | Edit the file <filename>/etc/cups/mime.types</filename> to uncomment the line:
|
|---|
| 535 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 536 | application/octet-stream
|
|---|
| 537 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 538 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 539 |
|
|---|
| 540 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 541 | <indexterm><primary>DHCP Server</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 542 | Using your favorite system editor, create an <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename> with the
|
|---|
| 543 | contents as shown in <link linkend="dhcp01"/>.
|
|---|
| 544 | <example id="dhcp01">
|
|---|
| 545 | <title>Abmas Accounting DHCP Server Configuration File &smbmdash; <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename></title>
|
|---|
| 546 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/dhcpd.conf</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 547 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 548 | default-lease-time 86400;
|
|---|
| 549 | max-lease-time 172800;
|
|---|
| 550 | default-lease-time 86400;
|
|---|
| 551 |
|
|---|
| 552 | option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;
|
|---|
| 553 | option domain-name "abmas.biz";
|
|---|
| 554 | option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 192.168.2.1;
|
|---|
| 555 | option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 192.168.2.1;
|
|---|
| 556 | option netbios-node-type 8;
|
|---|
| 557 | ### NOTE ###
|
|---|
| 558 | # netbios-node-type=8 means set clients to Hybrid Mode
|
|---|
| 559 | # so they will use Unicast communication with the WINS
|
|---|
| 560 | # server and thus reduce the level of UDP broadcast
|
|---|
| 561 | # traffic by up to 90%.
|
|---|
| 562 | ############
|
|---|
| 563 |
|
|---|
| 564 | subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
|
|---|
| 565 | range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.254;
|
|---|
| 566 | option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
|
|---|
| 567 | option routers 192.168.1.1;
|
|---|
| 568 | allow unknown-clients;
|
|---|
| 569 | host hplj4 {
|
|---|
| 570 | hardware ethernet 08:00:46:7a:35:e4;
|
|---|
| 571 | fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
|
|---|
| 572 | }
|
|---|
| 573 | host hplj6 {
|
|---|
| 574 | hardware ethernet 00:03:47:cb:81:e0;
|
|---|
| 575 | fixed-address 192.168.1.11;
|
|---|
| 576 | }
|
|---|
| 577 | }
|
|---|
| 578 | subnet 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
|
|---|
| 579 | range dynamic-bootp 192.168.2.128 192.168.2.254;
|
|---|
| 580 | option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
|
|---|
| 581 | option routers 192.168.2.1;
|
|---|
| 582 | allow unknown-clients;
|
|---|
| 583 | host qms {
|
|---|
| 584 | hardware ethernet 01:04:31:db:e1:c0;
|
|---|
| 585 | fixed-address 192.168.1.10;
|
|---|
| 586 | }
|
|---|
| 587 | }
|
|---|
| 588 | subnet 127.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 {
|
|---|
| 589 | }
|
|---|
| 590 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 591 | </example>
|
|---|
| 592 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 593 |
|
|---|
| 594 |
|
|---|
| 595 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 596 | Use the standard system tool to start Samba and CUPS and configure them to start
|
|---|
| 597 | automatically at every system reboot. For example,
|
|---|
| 598 | </para>
|
|---|
| 599 |
|
|---|
| 600 | <para>
|
|---|
| 601 | <indexterm><primary>chkconfig</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 602 | <indexterm><primary>starting dhcpd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 603 | <indexterm><primary>starting samba</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 604 | <indexterm><primary>starting CUPS</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 605 | <indexterm><primary>chkconfig</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 606 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 607 | &rootprompt; chkconfig dhcp on
|
|---|
| 608 | &rootprompt; chkconfig smb on
|
|---|
| 609 | &rootprompt; chkconfig cups on
|
|---|
| 610 | &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcp restart
|
|---|
| 611 | &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart
|
|---|
| 612 | &rootprompt; /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups restart
|
|---|
| 613 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 614 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 615 |
|
|---|
| 616 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 617 | <indexterm><primary>name service switch</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 618 | <indexterm><primary>NSS</primary><see>same service switch</see></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 619 | <indexterm><primary>DNS</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 620 | <indexterm><primary>DNS server</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 621 | <indexterm><primary>WINS</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 622 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 623 | Configure the name service switch (NSS) to handle WINS-based name resolution.
|
|---|
| 624 | Since this system does not use a DNS server, it is safe to remove this option from
|
|---|
| 625 | the NSS configuration. Edit the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file so that
|
|---|
| 626 | the <constant>hosts:</constant> entry looks like this:
|
|---|
| 627 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 628 | hosts: files wins
|
|---|
| 629 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 630 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 631 |
|
|---|
| 632 | </procedure>
|
|---|
| 633 |
|
|---|
| 634 | <example id="acct2conf">
|
|---|
| 635 | <title>Accounting Office Network &smb.conf; File &smbmdash; [globals] Section</title>
|
|---|
| 636 | <smbconfblock>
|
|---|
| 637 | <smbconfcomment>Global parameters</smbconfcomment>
|
|---|
| 638 | <smbconfsection name="[global]"/>
|
|---|
| 639 | <smbconfoption name="workgroup">BILLMORE</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 640 | <smbconfoption name="passwd chat">*New*Password* %n\n*Re-enter*new*password* %n\n *Password*changed*</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 641 | <smbconfoption name="username map">/etc/samba/smbusers</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 642 | <smbconfoption name="syslog">0</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 643 | <smbconfoption name="name resolve order">wins bcast hosts</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 644 | <smbconfoption name="printcap name">CUPS</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 645 | <smbconfoption name="show add printer wizard">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 646 | <smbconfoption name="add user script">/usr/sbin/useradd -m -G users '%u'</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 647 | <smbconfoption name="delete user script">/usr/sbin/userdel -r '%u'</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 648 | <smbconfoption name="add group script">/usr/sbin/groupadd '%g'</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 649 | <smbconfoption name="delete group script">/usr/sbin/groupdel '%g'</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 650 | <smbconfoption name="add user to group script">/usr/sbin/usermod -A '%g' '%u'</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 651 | <smbconfoption name="add machine script">/usr/sbin/useradd -s /bin/false -d /var/lib/nobody '%u'</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 652 | <smbconfoption name="logon script">scripts\login.bat</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 653 | <smbconfoption name="logon path"> </smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 654 | <smbconfoption name="logon drive">X:</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 655 | <smbconfoption name="domain logons">Yes</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 656 | <smbconfoption name="preferred master">Yes</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 657 | <smbconfoption name="wins support">Yes</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 658 | <smbconfoption name="printing">CUPS</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 659 | </smbconfblock>
|
|---|
| 660 | </example>
|
|---|
| 661 |
|
|---|
| 662 | <example id="acct3conf">
|
|---|
| 663 | <title>Accounting Office Network &smb.conf; File &smbmdash; Services and Shares Section</title>
|
|---|
| 664 | <smbconfblock>
|
|---|
| 665 | <smbconfsection name="[homes]"/>
|
|---|
| 666 | <smbconfoption name="comment">Home Directories</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 667 | <smbconfoption name="valid users">%S</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 668 | <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 669 | <smbconfoption name="browseable">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 670 |
|
|---|
| 671 | <smbconfsection name="[printers]"/>
|
|---|
| 672 | <smbconfoption name="comment">SMB Print Spool</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 673 | <smbconfoption name="path">/var/spool/samba</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 674 | <smbconfoption name="printable">Yes</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 675 | <smbconfoption name="guest ok">Yes</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 676 | <smbconfoption name="use client driver">Yes</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 677 | <smbconfoption name="browseable">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 678 |
|
|---|
| 679 | <smbconfsection name="[netlogon]"/>
|
|---|
| 680 | <smbconfoption name="comment">Network Logon Service</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 681 | <smbconfoption name="path">/data/%U</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 682 | <smbconfoption name="valid users">%S</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 683 | <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 684 |
|
|---|
| 685 | <smbconfsection name="[accounts]"/>
|
|---|
| 686 | <smbconfoption name="comment">Accounting Files</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 687 | <smbconfoption name="path">/data/accounts</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 688 | <smbconfoption name="valid users">%G</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 689 | <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 690 |
|
|---|
| 691 | <smbconfsection name="[finsrvcs]"/>
|
|---|
| 692 | <smbconfoption name="comment">Financial Service Files</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 693 | <smbconfoption name="path">/data/finsrvcs</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 694 | <smbconfoption name="valid users">%G</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 695 | <smbconfoption name="read only">No</smbconfoption>
|
|---|
| 696 | </smbconfblock>
|
|---|
| 697 | </example>
|
|---|
| 698 |
|
|---|
| 699 | <sect2>
|
|---|
| 700 | <title>Validation</title>
|
|---|
| 701 |
|
|---|
| 702 | <para>
|
|---|
| 703 | Does everything function as it ought? That is the key question at this point.
|
|---|
| 704 | Here are some simple steps to validate your Samba server configuration.
|
|---|
| 705 | </para>
|
|---|
| 706 |
|
|---|
| 707 | <procedure>
|
|---|
| 708 | <title>Validation Steps</title>
|
|---|
| 709 |
|
|---|
| 710 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 711 | <indexterm><primary>testparm</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 712 | If your &smb.conf; file has bogus options or parameters, this may cause Samba
|
|---|
| 713 | to refuse to start. The first step should always be to validate the contents
|
|---|
| 714 | of this file by running:
|
|---|
| 715 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 716 | &rootprompt; testparm -s
|
|---|
| 717 | Load smb config files from smb.conf
|
|---|
| 718 | Processing section "[homes]"
|
|---|
| 719 | Processing section "[printers]"
|
|---|
| 720 | Processing section "[netlogon]"
|
|---|
| 721 | Processing section "[accounts]"
|
|---|
| 722 | Processing section "[service]"
|
|---|
| 723 | Loaded services file OK.
|
|---|
| 724 | # Global parameters
|
|---|
| 725 | [global]
|
|---|
| 726 | workgroup = BILLMORE
|
|---|
| 727 | passwd chat = *New*Password* \
|
|---|
| 728 | %n\n *Re-enter*new*password* %n\n *Password*changed*
|
|---|
| 729 | username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
|
|---|
| 730 | syslog = 0
|
|---|
| 731 | name resolve order = wins bcast hosts
|
|---|
| 732 | printcap name = CUPS
|
|---|
| 733 | show add printer wizard = No
|
|---|
| 734 | add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -m -G users '%u'
|
|---|
| 735 | delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel -r '%u'
|
|---|
| 736 | add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd '%g'
|
|---|
| 737 | delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel '%g'
|
|---|
| 738 | add user to group script = /usr/sbin/usermod -A '%g' '%u'
|
|---|
| 739 | add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd
|
|---|
| 740 | -s /bin/false -d /var/lib/nobody '%u'
|
|---|
| 741 | logon script = scripts\logon.bat
|
|---|
| 742 | logon path =
|
|---|
| 743 | logon drive = X:
|
|---|
| 744 | domain logons = Yes
|
|---|
| 745 | preferred master = Yes
|
|---|
| 746 | wins support = Yes
|
|---|
| 747 | ...
|
|---|
| 748 | ### Remainder cut to save space ###
|
|---|
| 749 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 750 | The inclusion of an invalid parameter (say one called dogbert) would generate an
|
|---|
| 751 | error as follows:
|
|---|
| 752 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 753 | Unknown parameter encountered: "dogbert"
|
|---|
| 754 | Ignoring unknown parameter "dogbert"
|
|---|
| 755 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 756 | Clear away all errors before proceeding, and start or restart samba as necessary.
|
|---|
| 757 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 758 |
|
|---|
| 759 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 760 | <indexterm><primary>check samba daemons</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 761 | <indexterm><primary>nmbd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 762 | <indexterm><primary>smbd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 763 | <indexterm><primary>winbindd</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 764 | Check that the Samba server is running:
|
|---|
| 765 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 766 | &rootprompt; ps ax | grep mbd
|
|---|
| 767 | 14244 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/nmbd -D
|
|---|
| 768 | 14245 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/nmbd -D
|
|---|
| 769 | 14290 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/smbd -D
|
|---|
| 770 |
|
|---|
| 771 | $rootprompt; ps ax | grep winbind
|
|---|
| 772 | 14293 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/winbindd -D
|
|---|
| 773 | 14295 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/winbindd -D
|
|---|
| 774 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 775 | The <command>winbindd</command> daemon is running in split mode (normal), so there are also
|
|---|
| 776 | two instances of it. For more information regarding <command>winbindd</command>, see
|
|---|
| 777 | <emphasis>TOSHARG2</emphasis>, Chapter 23, Section 23.3. The single instance of
|
|---|
| 778 | <command>smbd</command> is normal.
|
|---|
| 779 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 780 |
|
|---|
| 781 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 782 | <indexterm><primary>anonymous connection</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 783 | Check that an anonymous connection can be made to the Samba server:
|
|---|
| 784 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 785 | &rootprompt; smbclient -L localhost -U%
|
|---|
| 786 |
|
|---|
| 787 | Sharename Type Comment
|
|---|
| 788 | --------- ---- -------
|
|---|
| 789 | netlogon Disk Network Logon Service
|
|---|
| 790 | accounts Disk Accounting Files
|
|---|
| 791 | finsvcs Disk Financial Service Files
|
|---|
| 792 | IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba3)
|
|---|
| 793 | ADMIN$ IPC IPC Service (Samba3)
|
|---|
| 794 | hplj4 Printer Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 4
|
|---|
| 795 | hplj6 Printer Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 6
|
|---|
| 796 | qms Printer QMS Magicolor Laser Printer XXXX
|
|---|
| 797 |
|
|---|
| 798 | Server Comment
|
|---|
| 799 | --------- -------
|
|---|
| 800 | SLEETH Samba 3.0.20
|
|---|
| 801 |
|
|---|
| 802 | Workgroup Master
|
|---|
| 803 | --------- -------
|
|---|
| 804 | BILLMORE SLEETH
|
|---|
| 805 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 806 | This demonstrates that an anonymous listing of shares can be obtained. This is the equivalent
|
|---|
| 807 | of browsing the server from a Windows client to obtain a list of shares on the server.
|
|---|
| 808 | The <constant>-U%</constant> argument means to send a <constant>NULL</constant> username and
|
|---|
| 809 | a <constant>NULL</constant> password.
|
|---|
| 810 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 811 |
|
|---|
| 812 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 813 | <indexterm><primary>dhcp client validation</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 814 | <indexterm><primary>printer validation</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 815 | <indexterm><primary>/etc/dhcpd.conf</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 816 | Verify that the printers have the IP addresses assigned in the DHCP server configuration file.
|
|---|
| 817 | The easiest way to do this is to ping the printer name. Immediately after the ping response
|
|---|
| 818 | has been received, execute <command>arp -a</command> to find the MAC address of the printer
|
|---|
| 819 | that has responded. Now you can compare the IP address and the MAC address of the printer
|
|---|
| 820 | with the configuration information in the <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename> file. They
|
|---|
| 821 | should, of course, match. For example,
|
|---|
| 822 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 823 | &rootprompt; ping hplj4
|
|---|
| 824 | PING hplj4 (192.168.1.11) 56(84) bytes of data.
|
|---|
| 825 | 64 bytes from hplj4 (192.168.1.11): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.113 ms
|
|---|
| 826 |
|
|---|
| 827 | &rootprompt; arp -a
|
|---|
| 828 | hplj4 (192.168.1.11) at 08:00:46:7A:35:E4 [ether] on eth0
|
|---|
| 829 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 830 | The MAC address <constant>08:00:46:7A:35:E4</constant> matches that specified for the
|
|---|
| 831 | IP address from which the printer has responded and the entry for it in the
|
|---|
| 832 | <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename> file.
|
|---|
| 833 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 834 |
|
|---|
| 835 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 836 | <indexterm><primary>authenticated connection</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 837 | Make an authenticated connection to the server using the <command>smbclient</command> tool:
|
|---|
| 838 | <screen>
|
|---|
| 839 | &rootprompt; smbclient //sleeth/accounts -U alanm
|
|---|
| 840 | Password: XXXXXXX
|
|---|
| 841 | smb: \> dir
|
|---|
| 842 | . D 0 Sun Nov 9 01:28:34 2003
|
|---|
| 843 | .. D 0 Sat Aug 16 17:24:26 2003
|
|---|
| 844 | .mc DH 0 Sat Nov 8 21:57:38 2003
|
|---|
| 845 | .qt DH 0 Fri Sep 5 00:48:25 2003
|
|---|
| 846 | SMB D 0 Sun Oct 19 23:04:30 2003
|
|---|
| 847 | Documents D 0 Sat Nov 1 00:31:51 2003
|
|---|
| 848 | xpsp1a_en_x86.exe 131170400 Sun Nov 2 01:25:44 2003
|
|---|
| 849 |
|
|---|
| 850 | 65387 blocks of size 65536. 28590 blocks available
|
|---|
| 851 | smb: \> q
|
|---|
| 852 | </screen>
|
|---|
| 853 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 854 |
|
|---|
| 855 | </procedure>
|
|---|
| 856 |
|
|---|
| 857 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 858 |
|
|---|
| 859 |
|
|---|
| 860 | <procedure>
|
|---|
| 861 | <title>Windows XP Professional Client Configuration</title>
|
|---|
| 862 |
|
|---|
| 863 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 864 | Configure clients to the network settings shown in <link linkend="acct2net"/>.
|
|---|
| 865 | All clients use DHCP for TCP/IP protocol stack configuration.
|
|---|
| 866 | <indexterm><primary>WINS</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 867 | <indexterm><primary>DHCP</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 868 | DHCP configures all Windows clients to use the WINS Server address <constant>192.168.1.1</constant>.
|
|---|
| 869 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 870 |
|
|---|
| 871 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 872 | Join the Windows Domain called <constant>BILLMORE</constant>. Use the Domain Administrator
|
|---|
| 873 | username <constant>root</constant> and the SMB password you assigned to this account.
|
|---|
| 874 | A detailed step-by-step procedure for joining a Windows 200x/XP Professional client to
|
|---|
| 875 | a Windows Domain is given in <link linkend="appendix"/>, <link linkend="domjoin"/>.
|
|---|
| 876 | Reboot the machine as prompted and then log on using a Domain User account.
|
|---|
| 877 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 878 |
|
|---|
| 879 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 880 | Verify on each client that the machine called <constant>SLEETH</constant>
|
|---|
| 881 | is visible in <guimenu>My Network Places</guimenu>, that it is
|
|---|
| 882 | possible to connect to it and see the shares <guimenuitem>accounts</guimenuitem>
|
|---|
| 883 | and <guimenuitem>finsvcs</guimenuitem>,
|
|---|
| 884 | and that it is possible to open that share to reveal its contents.
|
|---|
| 885 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 886 |
|
|---|
| 887 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 888 | Instruct all users to log onto the workstation using their assigned username and password.
|
|---|
| 889 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 890 |
|
|---|
| 891 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 892 | Install a printer on each using the following steps:
|
|---|
| 893 | </para>
|
|---|
| 894 |
|
|---|
| 895 | <procedure>
|
|---|
| 896 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 897 | Click <menuchoice>
|
|---|
| 898 | <guimenu>Start</guimenu>
|
|---|
| 899 | <guimenuitem>Settings</guimenuitem>
|
|---|
| 900 | <guimenuitem>Printers</guimenuitem>
|
|---|
| 901 | <guiicon>Add Printer</guiicon>
|
|---|
| 902 | <guibutton>Next</guibutton>
|
|---|
| 903 | </menuchoice>. Do not click <guimenuitem>Network printer</guimenuitem>.
|
|---|
| 904 | Ensure that <guimenuitem>Local printer</guimenuitem> is selected.
|
|---|
| 905 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 906 |
|
|---|
| 907 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 908 | Click <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. In the
|
|---|
| 909 | <guimenuitem>Manufacturer:</guimenuitem> panel, select <constant>HP</constant>.
|
|---|
| 910 | In the <guimenuitem>Printers:</guimenuitem> panel, select the printer called
|
|---|
| 911 | <constant>HP LaserJet 4</constant>. Click <guibutton>Next</guibutton>.
|
|---|
| 912 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 913 |
|
|---|
| 914 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 915 | In the <guimenuitem>Available ports:</guimenuitem> panel, select
|
|---|
| 916 | <constant>FILE:</constant>. Accept the default printer name by clicking
|
|---|
| 917 | <guibutton>Next</guibutton>. When asked, <quote>Would you like to print a
|
|---|
| 918 | test page?</quote>, click <guimenuitem>No</guimenuitem>. Click
|
|---|
| 919 | <guibutton>Finish</guibutton>.
|
|---|
| 920 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 921 |
|
|---|
| 922 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 923 | You may be prompted for the name of a file to print to. If so, close the
|
|---|
| 924 | dialog panel. Right-click <menuchoice>
|
|---|
| 925 | <guiicon>HP LaserJet 4</guiicon>
|
|---|
| 926 | <guimenuitem>Properties</guimenuitem>
|
|---|
| 927 | <guisubmenu>Details (Tab)</guisubmenu>
|
|---|
| 928 | <guimenuitem>Add Port</guimenuitem>
|
|---|
| 929 | </menuchoice>.
|
|---|
| 930 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 931 |
|
|---|
| 932 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 933 | In the <guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem> panel, enter the name of
|
|---|
| 934 | the print queue on the Samba server as follows: <constant>\\SERVER\hplj4</constant>.
|
|---|
| 935 | Click <menuchoice>
|
|---|
| 936 | <guibutton>OK</guibutton>
|
|---|
| 937 | <guibutton>OK</guibutton>
|
|---|
| 938 | </menuchoice> to complete the installation.
|
|---|
| 939 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 940 |
|
|---|
| 941 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 942 | Repeat the printer installation steps above for the HP LaserJet 6 printer
|
|---|
| 943 | as well as for the QMS Magicolor XXXX laser printer.
|
|---|
| 944 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 945 | </procedure>
|
|---|
| 946 | </step>
|
|---|
| 947 | </procedure>
|
|---|
| 948 |
|
|---|
| 949 | <sect2>
|
|---|
| 950 | <title>Notebook Computers: A Special Case</title>
|
|---|
| 951 |
|
|---|
| 952 | <para>
|
|---|
| 953 | As a network administrator, you already know how to create local machine accounts for Windows 200x/XP
|
|---|
| 954 | Professional systems. This is the preferred solution to provide continuity of work for notebook users
|
|---|
| 955 | so that absence from the office network environment does not become a barrier to productivity.
|
|---|
| 956 | </para>
|
|---|
| 957 |
|
|---|
| 958 | <para>
|
|---|
| 959 | By creating a local machine account that has the same username and password as you create for that
|
|---|
| 960 | user in the Windows Domain environment, the user can log onto the machine locally and still
|
|---|
| 961 | transparently access network resources as if logged onto the domain itself. There are some trade-offs
|
|---|
| 962 | that mean that as the network is more tightly secured, it becomes necessary to modify Windows client
|
|---|
| 963 | configuration somewhat.
|
|---|
| 964 | </para>
|
|---|
| 965 |
|
|---|
| 966 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 967 |
|
|---|
| 968 | <sect2>
|
|---|
| 969 | <title>Key Points Learned</title>
|
|---|
| 970 |
|
|---|
| 971 | <para>
|
|---|
| 972 | In this network design and implementation exercise, you created a Windows NT4-style Domain
|
|---|
| 973 | Controller using Samba-3.0.20. Following these guidelines, you experienced
|
|---|
| 974 | and implemented several important aspects of Windows networking. In the next chapter,
|
|---|
| 975 | you build on the experience. These are the highlights from this chapter:
|
|---|
| 976 | </para>
|
|---|
| 977 |
|
|---|
| 978 | <itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 979 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 980 | <indexterm><primary>DHCP</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 981 | You implemented a DHCP server, and Microsoft Windows clients were able to obtain all necessary
|
|---|
| 982 | network configuration settings from this server.
|
|---|
| 983 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 984 |
|
|---|
| 985 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 986 | <indexterm><primary>Domain Controller</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 987 | You created a Windows Domain Controller. You were able to use the network logon service
|
|---|
| 988 | and successfully joined Windows 200x/XP Professional clients to the Domain.
|
|---|
| 989 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 990 |
|
|---|
| 991 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 992 | <indexterm><primary>CUPS</primary></indexterm>
|
|---|
| 993 | You created raw print queues in the CUPS printing system. You maintained a simple
|
|---|
| 994 | printing system so that all users can share centrally managed printers. You installed
|
|---|
| 995 | native printer drivers on the Windows clients.
|
|---|
| 996 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 997 |
|
|---|
| 998 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 999 | You experienced the benefits of centrally managed user accounts on the server.
|
|---|
| 1000 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 1001 |
|
|---|
| 1002 | <listitem><para>
|
|---|
| 1003 | You offered Mobile notebook users a solution that allows them to continue to work
|
|---|
| 1004 | while away from the office and not connected to the corporate network.
|
|---|
| 1005 | </para></listitem>
|
|---|
| 1006 | </itemizedlist>
|
|---|
| 1007 |
|
|---|
| 1008 | </sect2>
|
|---|
| 1009 |
|
|---|
| 1010 | </sect1>
|
|---|
| 1011 |
|
|---|
| 1012 | <sect1>
|
|---|
| 1013 | <title>Questions and Answers</title>
|
|---|
| 1014 |
|
|---|
| 1015 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1016 | Your new Domain Controller is ready to serve you. What does it mean? Here are some questions and answers that
|
|---|
| 1017 | may help.
|
|---|
| 1018 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1019 |
|
|---|
| 1020 | <qandaset>
|
|---|
| 1021 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1022 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1023 |
|
|---|
| 1024 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1025 | What is the key benefit of using DHCP to configure Windows client TCP/IP stacks?
|
|---|
| 1026 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1027 |
|
|---|
| 1028 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1029 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1030 |
|
|---|
| 1031 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1032 | First and foremost, portability. It means that notebook users can move between
|
|---|
| 1033 | the Abmas office and client offices (so long as they, too, use DHCP) without having to manually
|
|---|
| 1034 | reconfigure their machines. It also means that when they work from their home environments
|
|---|
| 1035 | either using DHCP assigned addressing or when using dial-up networking, settings such as
|
|---|
| 1036 | default routes and DNS server addresses that apply only to the Abmas office environment do
|
|---|
| 1037 | not interfere with remote operations. This is an extremely important feature of DHCP.
|
|---|
| 1038 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1039 |
|
|---|
| 1040 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1041 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1042 |
|
|---|
| 1043 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1044 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1045 |
|
|---|
| 1046 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1047 | Are there any DHCP server configuration parameters in the <filename>/etc/dhcpd.conf</filename>
|
|---|
| 1048 | that should be noted in particular?
|
|---|
| 1049 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1050 |
|
|---|
| 1051 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1052 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1053 |
|
|---|
| 1054 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1055 | Yes. The configuration you created automatically provides each client with the IP address
|
|---|
| 1056 | of your WINS server. It also configures the client to preferentially register NetBIOS names
|
|---|
| 1057 | with the WINS server, and then instructs the client to first query the WINS server when a
|
|---|
| 1058 | NetBIOS machine name needs to be resolved to an IP Address. This configuration
|
|---|
| 1059 | results in far lower UDP broadcast traffic than would be the case if WINS was not used.
|
|---|
| 1060 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1061 |
|
|---|
| 1062 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1063 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1064 |
|
|---|
| 1065 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1066 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1067 |
|
|---|
| 1068 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1069 | Is it possible to create a Windows Domain account that is specifically called <constant>Administrator</constant>?
|
|---|
| 1070 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1071 |
|
|---|
| 1072 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1073 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1074 |
|
|---|
| 1075 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1076 | You can surely create a Windows Domain account called <constant>Administrator</constant>. It is also
|
|---|
| 1077 | possible to map that account so that it has the effective UNIX UID of 0. This way it isn't
|
|---|
| 1078 | necessary to use the <parameter>username map</parameter> facility to map this account to the UNIX
|
|---|
| 1079 | account called <constant>root</constant>.
|
|---|
| 1080 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1081 |
|
|---|
| 1082 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1083 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1084 |
|
|---|
| 1085 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1086 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1087 |
|
|---|
| 1088 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1089 | Why is it necessary to give the Windows Domain <constant>Administrator</constant> a UNIX UID of 0?
|
|---|
| 1090 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1091 |
|
|---|
| 1092 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1093 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1094 |
|
|---|
| 1095 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1096 | The Windows Domain <constant>Administrator</constant> account is the most privileged account that
|
|---|
| 1097 | exists on the Windows platform. This user can change any setting, add, delete, or modify user
|
|---|
| 1098 | accounts, and completely reconfigure the system. The equivalent to this account in the UNIX
|
|---|
| 1099 | environment is the <constant>root</constant> account. If you want to permit the Windows Domain
|
|---|
| 1100 | Administrator to manage accounts as well as permissions, privileges, and security
|
|---|
| 1101 | settings within the Domain and on the Samba server, equivalent rights must be assigned. This is
|
|---|
| 1102 | achieved with the <constant>root</constant> UID equal to 0.
|
|---|
| 1103 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1104 |
|
|---|
| 1105 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1106 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1107 |
|
|---|
| 1108 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1109 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1110 |
|
|---|
| 1111 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1112 | One of my junior staff needs the ability to add machines to the Domain, but I do not want to give him
|
|---|
| 1113 | <constant>root</constant> access. How can we do this?
|
|---|
| 1114 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1115 |
|
|---|
| 1116 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1117 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1118 |
|
|---|
| 1119 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1120 | Users who are members of the <constant>Domain Admins</constant> group can add machines to the
|
|---|
| 1121 | Domain. This group is mapped to the UNIX group account called <constant>root</constant>
|
|---|
| 1122 | (or the equivalent <constant>wheel</constant> on some UNIX systems) that has a GID of 0.
|
|---|
| 1123 | This must be the primary GID of the account of the user who is a member of the Windows <constant>
|
|---|
| 1124 | Domain Admins</constant> account.
|
|---|
| 1125 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1126 |
|
|---|
| 1127 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1128 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1129 |
|
|---|
| 1130 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1131 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1132 |
|
|---|
| 1133 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1134 | Why must I map Windows Domain Groups to UNIX groups?
|
|---|
| 1135 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1136 |
|
|---|
| 1137 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1138 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1139 |
|
|---|
| 1140 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1141 | Samba does not permit a Domain Group to become visible to Domain network clients unless the account
|
|---|
| 1142 | has a UNIX group account equivalent. The Domain groups that should be given UNIX equivalents are
|
|---|
| 1143 | <guimenu>Domain Guests</guimenu>, <guimenu>Domain Users</guimenu>, and <guimenu>Domain Admins</guimenu>.
|
|---|
| 1144 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1145 |
|
|---|
| 1146 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1147 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1148 |
|
|---|
| 1149 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1150 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1151 |
|
|---|
| 1152 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1153 | I deleted my <constant>root</constant> account and now I cannot add it back! What can I do?
|
|---|
| 1154 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1155 |
|
|---|
| 1156 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1157 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1158 |
|
|---|
| 1159 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1160 | This is a nasty problem. Fortunately, there is a solution.
|
|---|
| 1161 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1162 |
|
|---|
| 1163 | <procedure>
|
|---|
| 1164 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 1165 | Back up your existing configuration files in case you need to restore them.
|
|---|
| 1166 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 1167 |
|
|---|
| 1168 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 1169 | Rename the <filename>group_mapping.tdb</filename> file.
|
|---|
| 1170 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 1171 |
|
|---|
| 1172 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 1173 | Use the <command>smbpasswd</command> to add the root account.
|
|---|
| 1174 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 1175 |
|
|---|
| 1176 | <step><para>
|
|---|
| 1177 | Restore the <filename>group_mapping.tdb</filename> file.
|
|---|
| 1178 | </para></step>
|
|---|
| 1179 | </procedure>
|
|---|
| 1180 |
|
|---|
| 1181 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1182 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1183 |
|
|---|
| 1184 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1185 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1186 |
|
|---|
| 1187 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1188 | When I run <command>net groupmap list</command>, it reports a group called <guimenu>Administrators</guimenu>
|
|---|
| 1189 | as well as <guimenu>Domain Admins</guimenu>. What is the difference between them?
|
|---|
| 1190 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1191 |
|
|---|
| 1192 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1193 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1194 |
|
|---|
| 1195 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1196 | The group called <guimenu>Administrators</guimenu> is representative of the same account that would be
|
|---|
| 1197 | present as the Local Group account on a Domain Member server or workstation. Samba uses only Domain
|
|---|
| 1198 | Groups at this time. A Workstation or Server Local Group has no meaning in a Samba context. This
|
|---|
| 1199 | may change at some later date. These accounts are provided only so that security objects are correctly shown.
|
|---|
| 1200 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1201 |
|
|---|
| 1202 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1203 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1204 |
|
|---|
| 1205 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1206 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1207 |
|
|---|
| 1208 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1209 | What is the effect of changing the name of a Samba server or of changing the Domain name?
|
|---|
| 1210 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1211 |
|
|---|
| 1212 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1213 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1214 |
|
|---|
| 1215 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1216 | If you elect to change the name of the Samba server, on restarting <command>smbd</command>,
|
|---|
| 1217 | Windows security identifiers are changed. In the case of a standalone server or a Domain Member server,
|
|---|
| 1218 | the machine SID is changed. This may break Domain membership. In the case of a change of the Domain name
|
|---|
| 1219 | (Workgroup name), the Domain SID is changed. This affects all Domain memberships.
|
|---|
| 1220 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1221 |
|
|---|
| 1222 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1223 | If it becomes necessary to change either the server name or the Domain name, be sure to back up the respective
|
|---|
| 1224 | SID before the change is made. You can back up the SID using the <command>net getlocalsid</command> (Samba)
|
|---|
| 1225 | or the <command>smbpasswd</command> (Samba-2.2.x). To change the SID, you use the same tool. Be sure
|
|---|
| 1226 | to check the man page for this command for detailed instructions regarding the steps involved.
|
|---|
| 1227 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1228 |
|
|---|
| 1229 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1230 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1231 |
|
|---|
| 1232 | <qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1233 | <question>
|
|---|
| 1234 |
|
|---|
| 1235 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1236 | How can I manage user accounts from my Windows XP Professional workstation?
|
|---|
| 1237 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1238 |
|
|---|
| 1239 | </question>
|
|---|
| 1240 | <answer>
|
|---|
| 1241 |
|
|---|
| 1242 | <para>
|
|---|
| 1243 | Samba implements a Windows NT4-style security domain architecture. This type of Domain cannot
|
|---|
| 1244 | be managed using tools present on a Windows XP Professional installation. You may download from the
|
|---|
| 1245 | Microsoft Web site the SRVTOOLS.EXE package. Extract it into the directory from which you wish to use
|
|---|
| 1246 | it. This package extracts the tools: <command>User Manager for Domains</command>, <command>Server Manager</command>, and <command>Event
|
|---|
| 1247 | Viewer</command>. You may use the <guimenu>User Manager for Domains</guimenu> to manage your Samba
|
|---|
| 1248 | Domain user and group accounts. Of course, you do need to be logged on as the <constant>Administrator</constant>
|
|---|
| 1249 | for the Samba Domain. It may help to log on as the <constant>root</constant> account.
|
|---|
| 1250 | </para>
|
|---|
| 1251 |
|
|---|
| 1252 | </answer>
|
|---|
| 1253 | </qandaentry>
|
|---|
| 1254 |
|
|---|
| 1255 | </qandaset>
|
|---|
| 1256 |
|
|---|
| 1257 | </sect1>
|
|---|
| 1258 |
|
|---|
| 1259 | </chapter>
|
|---|
| 1260 |
|
|---|
