| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Glossary</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Samba-3 by Example"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Samba-3 by Example"><link rel="prev" href="apa.html" title="Appendix A. GNU General Public License version 3"><link rel="next" href="ix01.html" title="Index"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Glossary</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="apa.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="glossary" title="Glossary"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id394912"></a>Glossary</h2></div></div></div><dl><dt>Access Control List</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 2 | A detailed list of permissions granted to users or groups with respect to file and network
|
|---|
| 3 | resource access.
|
|---|
| 4 | </p></dd><dt>Active Directory Service</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 5 | A service unique to Microsoft Windows 200x servers that provides a centrally managed
|
|---|
| 6 | directory for management of user identities and computer objects, as well as the
|
|---|
| 7 | permissions each user or computer may be granted to access distributed network resources.
|
|---|
| 8 | ADS uses Kerberos-based authentication and LDAP over Kerberos for directory access.
|
|---|
| 9 | </p></dd><dt>Common Internet File System</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 10 | The new name for SMB. Microsoft renamed the SMB protocol to CIFS during
|
|---|
| 11 | the Internet hype in the 1990s. At about the time that the SMB protocol was renamed
|
|---|
| 12 | to CIFS, an additional dialect of the SMB protocol was in development. The need for the
|
|---|
| 13 | deployment of the NetBIOS layer was also removed, thus paving the way for use of the SMB
|
|---|
| 14 | protocol natively over TCP/IP (known as NetBIOS-less SMB or <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">naked</span>”</span> TCP
|
|---|
| 15 | transport).
|
|---|
| 16 | </p></dd><dt>Common UNIX Printing System</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 17 | A recent implementation of a high-capability printing system for UNIX developed by
|
|---|
| 18 | <a class="ulink" href="http://www.easysw.com/" target="_top">Easy Software Inc.</a>. The design objective
|
|---|
| 19 | of CUPS was to provide a rich print processing system that has built-in intelligence
|
|---|
| 20 | that is capable of correctly rendering (processing) a file that is submitted for
|
|---|
| 21 | printing even if it was formatted for an entirely different printer.
|
|---|
| 22 | </p></dd><dt>Domain Master Browser</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 23 | The Domain Master Browser maintains a list of all the servers that
|
|---|
| 24 | have announced their services within a given workgroup or NT domain.
|
|---|
| 25 | </p></dd><dt>Domain Name Service</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 26 | A protocol by which computer hostnames may be resolved to the matching IP address/es.
|
|---|
| 27 | DNS is implemented by the Berkeley Internet Name Daemon. There exists a recent version
|
|---|
| 28 | of DNS that allows dynamic name registration by network clients or by a DHCP server.
|
|---|
| 29 | This recent protocol is known as dynamic DNS (DDNS).
|
|---|
| 30 | </p></dd><dt>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 31 | A protocol that was based on the BOOTP protocol that may be used to dynamically assign
|
|---|
| 32 | an IP address, from a reserved pool of addresses, to a network client or device.
|
|---|
| 33 | Additionally, DHCP may assign all network configuration settings and may be used to
|
|---|
| 34 | register a computer name and its address with a dynamic DNS server.
|
|---|
| 35 | </p></dd><dt>Group IDentifier</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 36 | The UNIX system group identifier; on older systems, a 32-bit unsigned integer, and on
|
|---|
| 37 | newer systems, an unsigned 64-bit integer. The GID is used in UNIX-like operating systems
|
|---|
| 38 | for all group-level access control.
|
|---|
| 39 | </p></dd><dt>Key Distribution Center</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 40 | The Kerberos authentication protocol makes use of security keys (also called a ticket)
|
|---|
| 41 | by which access to network resources is controlled. The issuing of Kerberos tickets
|
|---|
| 42 | is effected by a KDC.
|
|---|
| 43 | </p></dd><dt>Lightweight Directory Access Protocol</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 44 | The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is a technology that
|
|---|
| 45 | originated from the development of X.500 protocol specifications and
|
|---|
| 46 | implementations. LDAP was designed as a means of rapidly searching
|
|---|
| 47 | through X.500 information. Later LDAP was adapted as an engine that
|
|---|
| 48 | could drive its own directory database. LDAP is not a database per
|
|---|
| 49 | se; rather it is a technology that enables high-volume search and
|
|---|
| 50 | locate activity from clients that wish to obtain simply defined
|
|---|
| 51 | information about a subset of records that are stored in a
|
|---|
| 52 | database. LDAP does not have a particularly efficient mechanism for
|
|---|
| 53 | storing records in the database, and it has no concept of transaction
|
|---|
| 54 | processing nor of mechanisms for preserving data consistency. LDAP is
|
|---|
| 55 | premised around the notion that the search and read activity far
|
|---|
| 56 | outweigh any need to add, delete, or modify records. LDAP does
|
|---|
| 57 | provide a means for replication of the database to keep slave
|
|---|
| 58 | servers up to date with a master. It also has built-in capability to
|
|---|
| 59 | handle external references and deferral.
|
|---|
| 60 | </p></dd><dt>Local Master Browser</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 61 | The Local Master Browser maintains a list of all servers that have announced themselves
|
|---|
| 62 | within a given workgroup or NT domain on a particular broadcast isolated subnet.
|
|---|
| 63 | </p></dd><dt>Media Access Control</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 64 | The hard-coded address of the physical-layer device that is attached to the network.
|
|---|
| 65 | All network interface controllers must have a hard-coded and unique MAC address. The
|
|---|
| 66 | MAC address is 48 bits long.
|
|---|
| 67 | </p></dd><dt>NetBIOS Extended User Interface</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 68 | Very simple network protocol invented by IBM and Microsoft. It is used to do NetBIOS
|
|---|
| 69 | over Ethernet with low overhead. NetBEUI is a non-routable protocol.
|
|---|
| 70 | </p></dd><dt>Network Address Translation</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 71 | Network address translation is a form of IP address masquerading. It ensures that internal
|
|---|
| 72 | private (RFC1918) network addresses from packets inside the network are rewritten so
|
|---|
| 73 | that TCP/IP packets that leave the server over a public connection are seen to come only
|
|---|
| 74 | from the external network address.
|
|---|
| 75 | </p></dd><dt>Network Basic Input/Output System</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 76 | NetBIOS is a simple application programming interface (API) invented in the 1980s
|
|---|
| 77 | that allows programs to send data to certain network names. NetBIOS is always run over
|
|---|
| 78 | another network protocol such as IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, or Logical Link Control (LLC).
|
|---|
| 79 | NetBIOS run over LLC is best known as NetBEUI (the NetBIOS Extended User Interface
|
|---|
| 80 | a complete misnomer!).
|
|---|
| 81 | </p></dd><dt>NetBT</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 82 | Protocol for transporting NetBIOS frames over TCP/IP. Uses ports 137, 138, and 139.
|
|---|
| 83 | NetBT is a fully routable protocol.
|
|---|
| 84 | </p></dd><dt>NT/LanManager Security Support Provider</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 85 | The NTLM Security Support Provider (NTLMSSP) service in Windows NT4/200x/XP is responsible for
|
|---|
| 86 | handling all NTLM authentication requests. It is the front end for protocols such as SPNEGO,
|
|---|
| 87 | Schannel, and other technologies. The generic protocol family supported by NTLMSSP is known as
|
|---|
| 88 | GSSAPI, the Generic Security Service Application Program Interface specified in RFC2078.
|
|---|
| 89 | </p></dd><dt>Server Message Block</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 90 | SMB was the original name of the protocol spoken by Samba. It was invented in the 1980s
|
|---|
| 91 | by IBM and adopted and extended further by Microsoft. Microsoft renamed the protocol to
|
|---|
| 92 | CIFS during the Internet hype in the 1990s.
|
|---|
| 93 | </p></dd><dt>The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 94 | The purpose of SPNEGO is to allow a client and server to negotiate a security mechanism for
|
|---|
| 95 | authentication. The protocol is specified in RFC2478 and uses tokens as built via ASN.1 DER.
|
|---|
| 96 | DER refers to Distinguished Encoding Rules. These are a set of common rules for creating
|
|---|
| 97 | binary encodings in a platform-independent manner. Samba has support for SPNEGO.
|
|---|
| 98 | </p></dd><dt>The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide, Second Edition</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 99 | This book makes repeated reference to <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">The Official Samba-3 HOWTO and Reference Guide, Second
|
|---|
| 100 | Edition</span>”</span> by John H. Terpstra and Jelmer R. Vernooij. This publication is available from
|
|---|
| 101 | Amazon.com. Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR (August 2005),
|
|---|
| 102 | ISBN: 013122282.
|
|---|
| 103 | </p></dd><dt>User IDentifier</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 104 | The UNIX system user identifier; on older systems, a 32-bit unsigned integer, and on newer systems,
|
|---|
| 105 | an unsigned 64-bit integer. The UID is used in UNIX-like operating systems for all user-level access
|
|---|
| 106 | control.
|
|---|
| 107 | </p></dd><dt>Universal Naming Convention</dt><dd><p>A syntax for specifying the location of network resources (such as file shares).
|
|---|
| 108 | The UNC syntax was developed in the early days of MS DOS 3.x and is used internally by the SMB protocol.
|
|---|
| 109 | </p></dd><dt>Wireshark</dt><dd><p>
|
|---|
| 110 | A network analyzer, also known as a network sniffer or a protocol analyzer. Formerly known as Ethereal, Wireshark is
|
|---|
| 111 | freely available for UNIX/Linux and Microsoft Windows systems from
|
|---|
| 112 | <a class="ulink" href="http://www.wireshark.org" target="_top">the Wireshark Web site</a>.
|
|---|
| 113 | </p></dd></dl></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="apa.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ix01.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Appendix A.
|
|---|
| 114 | <acronym class="acronym">GNU</acronym> General Public License version 3
|
|---|
| 115 | </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Index</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
|
|---|
