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1<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 10. Migrating NetWare Server to Samba-3</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Samba-3 by Example"><link rel="up" href="DMSMig.html" title="Part II. Domain Members, Updating Samba and Migration"><link rel="prev" href="ntmigration.html" title="Chapter 9. Migrating NT4 Domain to Samba-3"><link rel="next" href="RefSection.html" title="Part III. Reference Section"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 10. Migrating NetWare Server to Samba-3</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ntmigration.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. Domain Members, Updating Samba and Migration</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="RefSection.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="nw4migration"></a>Chapter 10. Migrating NetWare Server to Samba-3</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="nw4migration.html#id2606026">Introduction</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="nw4migration.html#id2606137">Assignment Tasks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="nw4migration.html#id2606228">Dissection and Discussion</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="nw4migration.html#id2606305">Technical Issues</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="nw4migration.html#id2606495">Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="nw4migration.html#id2606504">NetWare Migration Using LDAP Backend</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>
2 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605872"></a>
3 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605878"></a>
4 Novell is a company any seasoned IT manager has to admire. It has become increasingly
5 Linux-friendly and is emerging out of a deep regression that almost saw the company
6 disappear into obscurity. Novell's SUSE Linux hosts the NetWare server and it is the
7 platform of choice to which many older NetWare servers are being migrated.
8 It will be interesting to see what becomes of NetWare over time.
9 Meanwhile, there can be no denying that Novell is a Linux company.
10 </p><p>
11 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605896"></a>
12 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605903"></a>
13 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605910"></a>
14 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605917"></a>
15 Whatever flavor of Linux is preferred in your environment, whether Red Hat, Debian,
16 Gentoo, Mandrake, or SUSE (Novell), the information in this chapter should be read with
17 the knowledge that file locations may vary a little; even so, the information
18 in this chapter should provide something of value.
19 </p><p>
20 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605932"></a>
21 Contributions to this chapter were made by Misty Stanley-Jones, a UNIX administrator of many
22 years who surfaced on the Samba mailing list with a barrage of questions and who
23 regularly helps other administrators to solve thorny Samba migration questions.
24 </p><p>
25 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605946"></a>
26 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605953"></a>
27 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605960"></a>
28 <a class="indexterm" name="id2605966"></a>
29 One wonders how many NetWare servers remain in active service. Many are being migrated
30 to Samba on Linux. Red Hat Linux, SUSE Linux 9.x, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9 are
31 ideal target platforms to which a NetWare server may be migrated. The migration method
32 of choice is much dependent on the tools that the administrator finds most natural to use.
33 The old-hand NetWare guru will likely want to use tools like the NetWare NLM for
34 <code class="literal">rsync</code> to migrate files from the NetWare server to the Samba server.
35 The UNIX administrator might prefer tools that are part of the Mars_NWE (Martin Stovers' NetWare
36 Emulator) open source package. The MS Windows network administrator will likely make use of the
37 NWConv utility that is a part of Windows NT4 Server. Whatever your tool of choice,
38 migration will be filled with joyous and challenging moments though probably not
39 concurrently.
40 </p><p>
41 The priority that Misty faced was one of migration of the data files off the NetWare 4.11
42 server and onto a Samba-based Windows file and print server. This chapter does not pretend
43 to document all the different methods that could be used to migrate user and group accounts
44 off a NetWare server. Its focus is on migration of data files.
45 </p><p>
46 This chapter tells its own story, so ride along. Maybe the information presented here
47 will help to smooth over a similar migration challenge in your favorite networking environment.
48 </p><p>
49 File paths have been modified to permit use of RPM packages provided by Novell. In the
50 original documentation contributed by Misty, the Courier-IMAP package had been built
51 directly from the original source tarball.
52 </p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2606026"></a>Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>
53 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606034"></a>
54 Misty Stanley-Jones was recruited by Abmas to administer a network that had
55 not received much attention for some years and was much in need of a makeover.
56 As a brand-new sysadmin to this company, she inherited a very old Novell file server
57 and came with a determination to change things for the better.
58 </p><p>
59 A site survey turned up the following details for the old NetWare server:
60 </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>200 MHz MMX processor</td></tr><tr><td>512K RAM</td></tr><tr><td>24 GB disk space in RAID1</td></tr><tr><td>Novell 4.11 patched to service pack 7</td></tr><tr><td>60+ users</td></tr><tr><td>7 network-attached printers</td></tr></table><p>
61 The company had outgrown this server several years before and was dealing with
62 severe growing pains. Some of the problems experienced were:
63 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>Very slow performance</p></li><li><p>Available storage hovering around the 5% range</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="circle"><li><p>Extremely slow print spooling.</p></li><li><p>
64 Users storing information on their local hard
65 drives, causing backup integrity problems
66 </p></li></ul></div></li></ul></div><p>
67 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606123"></a>
68 At one point disk space had filled up to 100 percent, causing the payroll database
69 to become corrupt. This caused the accounting department to be down for over
70 a week and necessitated deployment of another file server. The replacement
71 server was created with very poor security and design considerations from
72 a discarded desktop PC.
73 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2606137"></a>Assignment Tasks</h3></div></div></div><p>
74 Misty has provided this summary of her migration experience in the hope
75 that it will help someone to avoid the challenges she faced. Perhaps her
76 configuration files and background will accelerate your learning as you
77 grapple with a similar migration challenge. Let there be no confusion,
78 the information presented in this chapter is provided to demonstrate
79 how Misty dealt with a particular NetWare migration requirement, and
80 it provides an overall approach to the implementation of a Samba-3
81 environment that is significantly divergent from that presented in
82 <a class="link" href="happy.html" title="Chapter 5. Making Happy Users">&#8220;Making Happy Users&#8221;</a>.
83 </p><p>
84 The complete removal of all site-specific information in order to produce
85 a generic migration solution would rob this chapter of its character.
86 It should be recognized, therefore, that the examples given require
87 significant adaptation to suit local needs and thus
88 there are some gaps in the example files. That is not Misty's fault;it
89 is the result of treatment given to her files in an attempt to make
90 the overall information more useful to you.
91 </p><p>
92 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606174"></a>
93 After management reviewed a cost-benefit report as well as an estimated
94 time-to-completion, approval was given proceed with the solution proposed.
95 The server was built from purchased components. The total project cost
96 was $3,000. A brief description of the configuration follows:
97 </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>
98 3.0 GHz P4 Processor
99 </td></tr><tr><td>
100 1 GB RAM
101 </td></tr><tr><td>
102 120 GB SATA operating system drive
103 </td></tr><tr><td>
104 4 x 80 GB SATA data drives (RAID5 240 GB capacity)
105 </td></tr><tr><td>
106 2 x 80 GB SATA removable drives for online backup
107 </td></tr><tr><td>
108 A DLT drive for asynchronous offline backup
109 </td></tr><tr><td>
110 SUSE Linux Professional 9.1
111 </td></tr></table><p>
112 The new system has operated for 6 months without problems. Over the past months
113 much attention has been focused on cleaning up desktops and user profiles.
114 </p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2606228"></a>Dissection and Discussion</h2></div></div></div><p>
115 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606236"></a>
116 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606243"></a>
117 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606250"></a>
118 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606257"></a>
119 A decision to use LDAP was made even though I knew nothing about LDAP except that
120 I had been reading the book &#8220;<span class="quote">LDAP System Administration,</span>&#8221; by Gerald Carter.
121 LDAP seemed to provide some of the functionality of Novell's e-Directory Services
122 and would provide centralized authentication and identity management.
123 </p><p>
124 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606276"></a>
125 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606282"></a>
126 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606289"></a>
127 Building the LDAP database took a while and a lot of trial and error. Following
128 the guidance I obtained from &#8220;<span class="quote">LDAP System
129 Administration,</span>&#8221; I installed OpenLDAP (from RPM; later I compiled
130 a more current version from source) and built my initial LDAP tree.
131 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2606305"></a>Technical Issues</h3></div></div></div><p>
132 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606313"></a>
133 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606319"></a>
134 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606326"></a>
135 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606333"></a>
136 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606340"></a>
137 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606347"></a>
138 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606354"></a>
139 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606360"></a>
140 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606367"></a>
141 The first challenge was to create a company white pages, followed by manually
142 entering everything from the printed company directory. This used only the inetOrgPerson
143 object class from the OpenLDAP schemas. The next step was to write a shell script that
144 would look at the <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/shadow</code>
145 files on our mail server and create an LDIF file from which the information could be
146 imported into LDAP. This would allow use of LDAP for Linux authentication, IMAP, POP3,
147 and SMTP.
148 </p><p>
149 Because a decision was made to use Courier-IMAP the schema &#8220;<span class="quote">authldap.schema</span>&#8221;
150 from the Courier-IMAP source, tarball is necessary to resolve Courier-specific LDAP directory
151 needs. Where the Courier-IMAP file provided by SUSE is used, this file is named
152 <code class="filename">courier.schema</code>.
153 </p><p>
154 Looking back, it would have been much easier to populate the LDAP directory using a convenient
155 tool such as <code class="literal">phpLDAPAdmin</code> from the outset. An excessive amount of time was
156 spent trying to generate LDIF files that could be parsed using the <code class="literal">ldapmodify</code>
157 so that necessary changes could be written to the directory. This was a learning experience!
158 </p><p>
159 An attempt was made to use the PADL POSIX account migration scripts, but I gave up trying to
160 make them work. Instead, even though it is most inelegant, I wrote a simple script that did
161 what I needed. It is enclosed as a simple example to demonstrate that you do not need to be
162 a guru to make light of otherwise painful repetition. This file is listed in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#sbeamg" title="Example 10.1. A Rough Tool to Create an LDIF File from the System Account Files">&#8220;A Rough Tool to Create an LDIF File from the System Account Files&#8221;</a>.
163 </p><div class="example"><a name="sbeamg"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.1. A Rough Tool to Create an LDIF File from the System Account Files</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
164#!/bin/bash
165
166cat /etc/passwd | while read l; do
167 uid=`echo $l | cut -d : -f 1`
168 uidNumber=`echo $l | cut -d : -f 3`
169 gidNumber=`echo $1 | cut -d : -f 4`
170 gecos=`echo $l | cut -d : -f 5`
171 homeDirectory=`echo $l | cut -d : -f 6`
172 loginShell=`echo $l | cut -d : -f 6`
173 userPassword=`cat /etc/shadow | grep $uid | cut -d : -f 2`
174
175 echo "dn: cn=$gecos,ou=people,dc=mycompany,dc=com"
176 echo "objectClass: account"
177 echo "objectClass: posixAccount"
178 echo "cn: $gecos"
179 echo "uid: $uid"
180 echo "uidNumber: $uidNumber"
181 echo "gidNumber: $gidNumber"
182 echo "homeDirectory: $homeDirectory"
183 echo "loginShell: $loginShell"
184 echo "userPassword: $userPassword"
185done
186</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
187
188 The PADL MigrationTools are recommended for migration of the UNIX account information into
189 the LDAP directory. The tools consist of a set of Perl scripts for migration of users, groups,
190 aliases, hosts, netgroups, networks, protocols, PRCs, and services from the existing ASCII text
191 files (or from a name service such as NIS). This too set can be obtained from the <a class="ulink" href="http://www.padl.com" target="_top">PADL Web site</a>.
192 </p></div></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2606495"></a>Implementation</h2></div></div></div><p>
193 </p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="id2606504"></a>NetWare Migration Using LDAP Backend</h3></div></div></div><p>
194 The following software must be installed on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server to perform
195 this migration:
196 </p><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>courier-imap</td></tr><tr><td>courier-imap-ldap</td></tr><tr><td>nss_ldap</td></tr><tr><td>openldap2-client</td></tr><tr><td>openldap2-devel (only for Samba compilation)</td></tr><tr><td>openldap2</td></tr><tr><td>pam_ldap</td></tr><tr><td>samba-3.0.20 or later</td></tr><tr><td>samba-client-3.0.20 or later</td></tr><tr><td>samba-winbind-3.0.20 or later</td></tr><tr><td>smbldap-tools Version 0.9.1</td></tr></table><p>
197 Each software application must be carefully configured in preparation for migration.
198 The configuration files used at Abmas are provided as a guide and should be modified
199 to meet needs at your site.
200 </p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="id2606568"></a>LDAP Server Configuration</h4></div></div></div><p>
201 The <code class="filename">/etc/openldap/slapd.conf</code> file Misty used is shown here:
202</p><pre class="programlisting">
203#/etc/openldap/slapd.conf
204#
205# See slapd.conf(5) for details on configuration options.
206# This file should NOT be world readable.
207#
208include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
209include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
210include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
211include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
212include /etc/openldap/schema/samba3.schema
213include /etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema
214include /etc/openldap/schema/misc.schema
215include /etc/openldap/schema/idpool.schema
216include /etc/openldap/schema/eduperson.schema
217include /etc/openldap/schema/commURI.schema
218include /etc/openldap/schema/local.schema
219include /etc/openldap/schema/courier.schema
220
221pidfile /var/run/slapd/run/slapd.pid
222argsfile /var/run/slapd/run/slapd.args
223
224replogfile /data/ldap/log/slapd.replog
225
226# Load dynamic backend modules:
227modulepath /usr/lib/openldap/modules
228
229#######################################################################
230# Logging parameters
231#######################################################################
232loglevel 256
233
234#######################################################################
235# SASL and TLS options
236#######################################################################
237sasl-host ldap.corp.abmas.org
238sasl-realm DIGEST-MD5
239sasl-secprops none
240TLSCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:+SSLV2
241TLSCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/private/abmas-cert.pem
242TLSCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/certs/private/abmas-key.pem
243password-hash {SSHA}
244defaultsearchbase "dc=abmas,dc=biz"
245
246#######################################################################
247# bdb database definitions
248#######################################################################
249database bdb
250suffix "dc=abmas,dc=biz"
251rootdn "cn=manager,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
252rootpw {SSHA}gdo/dUvoT4ZJmULz3rUt6A3H/hBEduJ5
253directory /data/ldap
254mode 0600
255# The following is for BDB to make it flush its data to disk every
256# 500 seconds or 5kb of data
257checkpoint 500 5
258
259## For running slapindex
260#readonly on
261
262## Indexes for often-requested attributes
263index objectClass eq
264index cn eq,sub
265index sn eq,sub
266index uid eq,sub
267index uidNumber eq
268index gidNumber eq
269index sambaSID eq
270index sambaPrimaryGroupSID eq
271index sambaDomainName eq
272index default sub
273cachesize 2000
274
275replica host=baa.corp.abmas.org:389
276 suffix="dc=abmas,dc=biz"
277 binddn="cn=replica,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
278 credentials=verysecret
279 bindmethod=simple
280 tls=yes
281replica host=ns.abmas.org:389
282 suffix="dc=abmas,dc=biz"
283 binddn="cn=replica,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
284 credentials=verysecret
285 bindmethod=simple
286 tls=yes
287
288#######################################################################
289# ACL section
290#######################################################################
291## MOST RESTRICTIVE RULES MUST GO FIRST!
292# Admins get access to everything. This way I do not have to rename.
293access to *
294 by group/groupOfUniqueNames/uniqueMember="cn=LDAP
295Administrators,ou=groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz" write
296 by * break
297
298## Users can change their own passwords.
299access to
300attrs=userPassword,sambaNTPassword,sambaLMPassword,sambaPwdLastSet,
301sambaPwdMustChange,sambaPwdCanChange
302 by self write
303 by * auth
304
305## Home contact info restricted to the logged-in user and the HR dept
306access to attrs=hometelephoneNumber,homePostalAddress,
307mobileTelephoneNumber,pagerTelephoneNumber
308 by group/groupOfUniqueNames/uniqueMember="cn=hr_admin,
309ou=groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
310write
311 by self write
312 by * none
313
314## Everyone can read email aliases
315access to dn.sub="ou=Email Aliases,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
316 by * read
317
318## Only admins can manage email aliases
319## If someone is the role occupant of an alias they can change it -- this
320## is accomplished by the "organizationalRole" objectclass and is
321## pretty cool -- like a groupOfUniqueNames but for individual
322## users.
323access to dn.children="ou=Email Aliases,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
324 by dnattr=roleOccupant write
325 by * read
326
327## Admins and HR can add and delete users
328access to dn.sub="ou=people,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
329 by group/groupOfUniqueNames/uniqueMember="cn=hr_admin,
330ou=groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
331write
332 by * read
333
334## Admins and HR can add and delete bizputers
335access to dn.sub="ou=bizputers,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
336 by group/groupOfUniqueNames/uniqueMember="cn=hr_admin,
337ou=groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
338write
339 by * read
340
341## Admins and HR can add and delete groups
342access to dn.sub="ou=groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
343 by group/groupOfUniqueNames/uniqueMember="cn=hr_admin,
344ou=groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
345write
346 by * read
347
348## This is used to quickly deactivate any LDAP object only
349## Admins have access.
350access to dn.sub="ou=inactive,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
351 by * none
352
353## This is for programs like Windows Address Book that can
354## detect the default search base.
355access to attrs=namingcontexts,supportedControl
356 by anonymous =cs
357 by * read
358
359## Default to read-only access
360access to *
361 by dn.base="cn=replica,ou=people,dc=abmas,dc=biz" write
362 by * read
363</pre><p>
364</p><p>
365 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606766"></a>
366 The <code class="filename">/etc/ldap.conf</code> file used is listed in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#ch8ldap" title="Example 10.2. NSS LDAP Control File /etc/ldap.conf">&#8220;NSS LDAP Control File /etc/ldap.conf&#8221;</a>.
367 </p><div class="example"><a name="ch8ldap"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.2. NSS LDAP Control File /etc/ldap.conf</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
368# /etc/ldap.conf
369# This file is present on every *NIX client that authenticates to LDAP.
370# For me, most of the defaults are fine. There is an amazing amount of
371# customization that can be done see the man page for info.
372
373# Your LDAP server. Must be resolvable without using LDAP. The following
374# is for the LDAP server all others use the FQDN of the server
375URI ldap://127.0.0.1
376
377# The distinguished name of the search base.
378base ou=corp,dc=abmas,dc=biz
379
380# The LDAP version to use (defaults to 3 if supported by client library)
381ldap_version 3
382
383# The distinguished name to bind to the server with if the effective
384# user ID is root. Password is stored in /etc/ldap.secret (mode 600)
385rootbinddn cn=Manager,dc=abmas,dc=biz
386
387# Filter to AND with uid=%s
388pam_filter objectclass=posixAccount
389
390# The user ID attribute (defaults to uid)
391pam_login_attribute uid
392
393# Group member attribute
394pam_member_attribute memberUID
395
396# Use the OpenLDAP password change
397# extended operation to update the password.
398pam_password exop
399
400# OpenLDAP SSL mechanism
401# start_tls mechanism uses the normal LDAP port, LDAPS typically 636
402ssl start_tls
403
404tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/certs/private/abmas-cert.pem
405...
406</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
407 The NSS control file <code class="filename">/etc/nsswitch.conf</code> has the following contents:
408</p><pre class="screen">
409# /etc/nsswitch.conf
410# This file controls the resolve order for system databases.
411
412# the following two lines obviate the "+" entry in /etc/passwd and /etc/group.
413passwd: compat ldap
414group: compat ldap
415# The above are all that I store in LDAP at this point. There are
416# possibilities to store hosts, services, ethers, and lots of other things.
417</pre><p>
418 </p><p>
419 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606851"></a>
420 <a class="indexterm" name="id2606857"></a>
421 In my setup, users authenticate via PAM and NSS using LDAP-based accounts.
422 The configuration file that controls the behavior of the PAM <code class="literal">pam_unix2</code>
423 module is shown in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#sbepu2" title="Example 10.3. The PAM Control File /etc/security/pam_unix2.conf">&#8220;The PAM Control File /etc/security/pam_unix2.conf&#8221;</a> file.
424 This works out of the box with the configuration files in this chapter. It
425 enables you to have no local accounts for users (it is highly advisable
426 to have a local account for the root user). Traps for the unwary include the following:
427 </p><div class="example"><a name="sbepu2"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.3. The PAM Control File <code class="filename">/etc/security/pam_unix2.conf</code></b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
428# pam_unix2 config file
429#
430# This file contains options for the pam_unix2.so module.
431# It contains a list of options for every type of management group,
432# which will be used for authentication, account management and
433# password management. Not all options will be used from all types of
434# management groups.
435#
436# At first, pam_unix2 will read this file and then uses the local
437# options. Not all options can be set her global.
438#
439# Allowed options are:
440#
441# debug (account, auth, password, session)
442# nullok (auth)
443# md5 (password / overwrites /etc/default/passwd)
444# bigcrypt (password / overwrites /etc/default/passwd)
445# blowfish (password / overwrites /etc/default/passwd)
446# crypt_rounds=XX
447# none (session)
448# trace (session)
449# call_modules=x,y,z (account, auth, password)
450#
451# Example:
452# auth: nullok
453# account:
454# password: nullok blowfish crypt_rounds=8
455# session: none
456#
457auth: use_ldap
458account: use_ldap
459password: use_ldap
460session: none
461</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><a class="indexterm" name="id2606922"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2606929"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2606936"></a><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
462 If your LDAP database goes down, nobody can authenticate except for root.
463 </p></li><li><p>
464 If failover is configured incorrectly, weird behavior can occur. For example,
465 DNS can fail to resolve.
466 </p></li></ul></div><p>
467 I do have two LDAP slave servers configured. That subject is beyond the scope
468 of this document, and steps for implementing it are well documented.
469 </p><p>
470 The following services authenticate using LDAP:
471 </p><a class="indexterm" name="id2606972"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2606979"></a><a class="indexterm" name="id2606986"></a><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td>UNIX login/ssh</td></tr><tr><td>Postfix (SMTP)</td></tr><tr><td>Courier-IMAP/IMAPS/POP3/POP3S</td></tr></table><p>
472 <a class="indexterm" name="id2607011"></a>
473 <a class="indexterm" name="id2607018"></a>
474 Companywide white pages can be searched using an LDAP client
475 such as the one in the Windows Address Book.
476 </p><p>
477 <a class="indexterm" name="id2607030"></a>
478 <a class="indexterm" name="id2607037"></a>
479 Having gained a solid understanding of LDAP and a relatively workable LDAP tree
480 thus far, it was time to configure Samba. I compiled the latest stable Samba and
481 also installed the latest <code class="literal">smbldap-tools</code> from
482 <a class="ulink" href="http://idealx.com" target="_top">Idealx</a>.
483 </p><p>
484 The Samba <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file was configured as shown in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#ch8smbconf" title="Example 10.4. Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part A">&#8220;Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part A&#8221;</a>.
485 </p><div class="example"><a name="ch8smbconf"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.4. Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part A</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td># Global parameters</td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607107"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = MEGANET2</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607119"></a><em class="parameter"><code>netbios name = MASSIVE</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607130"></a><em class="parameter"><code>server string = Corp File Server</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607142"></a><em class="parameter"><code>passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://localhost</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607155"></a><em class="parameter"><code>pam password change = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607166"></a><em class="parameter"><code>username map = /etc/samba/smbusers</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607178"></a><em class="parameter"><code>log level = 1</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607190"></a><em class="parameter"><code>log file = /data/samba/log/%m.log</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607202"></a><em class="parameter"><code>name resolve order = wins host bcast</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607214"></a><em class="parameter"><code>time server = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607226"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printcap name = cups</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607238"></a><em class="parameter"><code>show add printer wizard = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607250"></a><em class="parameter"><code>cups options = Raw</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607261"></a><em class="parameter"><code>add user script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-useradd -m "%u"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607274"></a><em class="parameter"><code>add group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p "%g"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607286"></a><em class="parameter"><code>add user to group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m "%u" "%g"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607299"></a><em class="parameter"><code>delete user from group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x "%u" "%g"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607312"></a><em class="parameter"><code>set primary group script = /opt/IDEALX/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g "%g" "%u"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607325"></a><em class="parameter"><code>add machine script = /usr/local/sbin/smbldap-useradd -w "%m"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607338"></a><em class="parameter"><code>logon script = logon.bat</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607349"></a><em class="parameter"><code>logon path = \\%L\profiles\%U\%a</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607361"></a><em class="parameter"><code>logon drive = H:</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607373"></a><em class="parameter"><code>logon home = \\%L\%U</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607385"></a><em class="parameter"><code>domain logons = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607396"></a><em class="parameter"><code>wins support = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607408"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap admin dn = cn=Manager,dc=abmas,dc=biz</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607420"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap group suffix = ou=Groups</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607432"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap idmap suffix = ou=People</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607444"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap machine suffix = ou=People</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607456"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap passwd sync = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607468"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap suffix = ou=MEGANET2,dc=abmas,dc=biz</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607480"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap ssl = no</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607492"></a><em class="parameter"><code>ldap user suffix = ou=People</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607504"></a><em class="parameter"><code>admin users = root, "@Domain Admins"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607516"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printer admin = "@Domain Admins"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607528"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force printername = Yes</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8smbconf2"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.5. Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part B</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[netlogon]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607567"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Network logon service</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607579"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/netlogon</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607591"></a><em class="parameter"><code>write list = "@Domain Admins"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607603"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[profiles]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607623"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Roaming Profile Share</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607635"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/profiles/</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607647"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607658"></a><em class="parameter"><code>profile acls = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607670"></a><em class="parameter"><code>veto files = desktop.ini</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607682"></a><em class="parameter"><code>browseable = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[homes]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607702"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Home Directories</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607714"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = %S</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607726"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607737"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0770</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607749"></a><em class="parameter"><code>veto files = desktop.ini</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607761"></a><em class="parameter"><code>hide files = desktop.ini</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607772"></a><em class="parameter"><code>browseable = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[software]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607793"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Software for %a computers</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607805"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/software/%a</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607817"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[public]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607837"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Public Files</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607849"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/public</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607861"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607873"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[PDF]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607893"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Location of documents printed to PDFCreator printer</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607906"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/pdf</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607917"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8smbconf3"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.6. Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part C</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[EVERYTHING]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607956"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = All shares</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607968"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607980"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = "@Domain Admins"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2607992"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[CDROM]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608012"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = CD-ROM on MASSIVE</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608024"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /mnt</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608035"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[print$]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608056"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Printer Drivers Share</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608068"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/drivers</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608079"></a><em class="parameter"><code>write list = root</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608091"></a><em class="parameter"><code>browseable = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[printers]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608112"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = All Printers</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608123"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/spool</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608135"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0644</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608147"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printable = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608158"></a><em class="parameter"><code>browseable = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[acct_hp8500]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608179"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = "Accounting Color Laser Printer"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608191"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/spool/private</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608203"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @acct, @acct_admin, @hr, "@Domain Admins",@Receptionist, dwayne, terri, danae, jerry</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608216"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0644</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608227"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printable = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608239"></a><em class="parameter"><code>copy = printers</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[plotter]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608259"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Engineering Plotter</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608271"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/spool</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608283"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0644</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608295"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printable = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608306"></a><em class="parameter"><code>use client driver = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608318"></a><em class="parameter"><code>copy = printers</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8smbconf4"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.7. Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part D</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[APPS]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608357"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/Apps</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608369"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = "Domain Users"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608381"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[ACCT]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608402"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/Accounting</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608414"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @acct, "@Domain Admins"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608426"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = acct</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608437"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608449"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0660</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608460"></a><em class="parameter"><code>directory mask = 0770</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[ACCT_ADMIN]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608481"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/Acct_Admin</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608493"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @"acct_admin"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608505"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = acct_admin</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[HR_PR]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608526"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/HR_PR</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608538"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @hr, @acct_admin</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608549"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = hr</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[ENGR]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608570"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/Engr</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608582"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @engr, @receptionist, @truss, "@Domain Admins", cheri</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608594"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = engr</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608606"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608617"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0770</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[DATA]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608638"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/DATA</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608650"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @engr, @receptionist, @truss, "@Domain Admins", cheri</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608662"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = engr</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608674"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608685"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0770</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608697"></a><em class="parameter"><code>copy = engr</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8smbconf5"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.8. Samba Configuration File smb.conf Part E</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[X]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608736"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/X</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608748"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = @engr, @acct</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608759"></a><em class="parameter"><code>force group = engr</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608771"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608782"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0770</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608794"></a><em class="parameter"><code>copy = engr</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[NETWORK]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608814"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/network</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608826"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = "@Domain Users"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608838"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608850"></a><em class="parameter"><code>create mask = 0770</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608861"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[UTILS]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608882"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/Utils</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608894"></a><em class="parameter"><code>write list = "@Domain Admins"</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[SYS]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608915"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /data/samba/shares/SYS</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608926"></a><em class="parameter"><code>valid users = chad</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608938"></a><em class="parameter"><code>read only = No</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2608950"></a><em class="parameter"><code>browseable = No</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
486 <a class="indexterm" name="id2608964"></a>
487 <a class="indexterm" name="id2608971"></a>
488 <a class="indexterm" name="id2608978"></a>
489 Most of these shares are only used by one company group, but they are required
490 because of some ancient Qbasic and Rbase applications were that written expecting
491 their own drive letters.
492 </p><p>
493 <a class="indexterm" name="id2608992"></a>
494 <a class="indexterm" name="id2608998"></a>
495 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609005"></a>
496 Note: During the process of building the new server, I kept data files
497 up to date with the Novell server via use of <code class="literal">rsync</code>.
498 On a separate system (my workstation in fact), which could be rebooted
499 whenever necessary, I set up a mount point to the Novell server via
500 <code class="literal">ncpmount</code>. I then created a
501 <code class="filename">rsyncd.conf</code> to share that mount point out to my
502 new server, and synchronized once an hour. The script I used to synchronize
503 is shown in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#sbersync" title="Example 10.9. Rsync Script">&#8220;Rsync Script&#8221;</a>. The files exclusion list I used
504 is shown in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#sbexcld" title="Example 10.10. Rsync Files Exclusion List /root/excludes.txt">&#8220;Rsync Files Exclusion List /root/excludes.txt&#8221;</a>. The reason I had to have the
505 <code class="literal">rsync</code> daemon running on a system that could be
506 rebooted frequently is because <code class="constant">ncpfs</code>
507 (part of the MARS NetWare Emulation package) has a nasty habit of creating stale
508 mount points that cannot be recovered without a reboot. The reason for hourly
509 synchronization is because some part of the chain was very slow and
510 performance-heavy (whether <code class="literal">rsync</code> itself, the network,
511 or the Novell server, I am not sure, but it was probably the Novell server).
512 </p><div class="example"><a name="sbersync"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.9. Rsync Script</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
513#!/bin/bash
514# Part 1 - rsync the Novell directories to the new server
515echo "#############################################"
516echo "New sync operation starting at `date`"
517if ! pgrep -fl '^rsync\&gt; ; then
518 echo "Good, no rsync is running!"
519 echo "Synchronizing oink to BHPRO"
520 rsync -av --exclude-from=/root/excludes.txt
521baa.corp:/BHPRO/SYS1/ /data/samba/shares/SYS1
522 retval=$?
523 [ ${retval} = 0 ] &amp;&amp; echo "Sync operation completed at `date`"
524 echo "Fixing permissions"
525 # I had a whole lot more permission-fixing stuff here. It got
526 # pared down as groups got moved over. The problem
527 # was that the way I was mounting the directory, everything
528 # was owned by the Novell administrator which translated to
529 # Root. This is also why I could only do one-way sync because
530 # I could not fix the ACLs on the Novell side.
531 find /data/samba/shares/Engr/ -perm +770 -exec chmod 770 {} \;
532 find /data/samba/shares/Engr/ ! -group engr -exec chgrp engr {} \;
533else
534 # This rsync took ages and ages -- I had it set to run every hour but
535 # I needed a way to prevent it running into itself.
536 echo "Oh no, rsync is already running!"
537echo "#############################################"
538fi
539</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="sbexcld"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.10. Rsync Files Exclusion List <code class="filename">/root/excludes.txt</code></b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
540/Acct/
541/Apps/
542/DATA/
543/Engr/*.pc3
544/Engr/plotter
545/Engr/APPOLO/
546/Engr/LIBRARY/
547/Home/Accounting/
548/Home/Angie/
549/Home/AngieY/
550/Home/Brandon/
551/Home/Carl/
552</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
553 After Samba was configured, I initialized the LDAP database. The first
554 thing I had to do was store the LDAP password in the Samba configuration by
555 issuing the command (as root):
556</p><pre class="screen">
557<code class="prompt">root# </code> smbpasswd -w verysecret
558</pre><p>
559 where &#8220;<span class="quote">verysecret</span>&#8221; is replaced by the LDAP bind password.
560 </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
561The Idealx smbldap-tools package can be configured using a script called
562<code class="literal">configure.pl</code> that is provided as part of the tool. See <a class="link" href="happy.html" title="Chapter 5. Making Happy Users">&#8220;Making Happy Users&#8221;</a>
563for an example of its use. Many administrators, like Misty, choose to do this manually
564so as to maintain greater awareness of how the tool-chain works and possibly to avoid
565undesirable actions from occurring unnoticed.
566</p></div><p>
567 Now Samba was ready for use and it was time to configure the smbldap-tools. There are two
568 relevant files, which are usually put into the directory
569 <code class="filename">/etc/smbldap-tools</code>. The main file,
570 <code class="filename">smbldap.conf</code> is shown in <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#ch8ideal" title="Example 10.11. Idealx smbldap-tools Control File Part A">&#8220;Idealx smbldap-tools Control File Part A&#8221;</a>.
571 </p><div class="example"><a name="ch8ideal"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.11. Idealx smbldap-tools Control File Part A</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
572#########
573#
574# located in /etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap.conf
575#
576######################################################################
577#
578# General Configuration
579#
580######################################################################
581
582# Put your own SID
583# to obtain this number do: net getlocalsid
584SID="S-1-5-21-725326080-1709766072-2910717368"
585
586######################################################################
587#
588# LDAP Configuration
589#
590######################################################################
591
592# Notes: to use to dual ldap servers backend for Samba, you must patch
593# Samba with the dual-head patch from IDEALX. If not using this patch
594# just use the same server for slaveLDAP and masterLDAP.
595# Those two servers declarations can also be used when you have
596# . one master LDAP server where all writing operations must be done
597# . one slave LDAP server where all reading operations must be done
598# (typically a replication directory)
599
600# Ex: slaveLDAP=127.0.0.1
601slaveLDAP="127.0.0.1"
602slavePort="389"
603
604# Master LDAP : needed for write operations
605# Ex: masterLDAP=127.0.0.1
606masterLDAP="127.0.0.1"
607masterPort="389"
608
609# Use TLS for LDAP
610# If set to 1, this option will use start_tls for connection
611# (you should also used the port 389)
612ldapTLS="0"
613
614# How to verify the server's certificate (none, optional or require)
615# see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
616verify=""
617</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8ideal2"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.12. Idealx smbldap-tools Control File Part B</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
618# CA certificate
619# see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
620cafile=""
621 certificate to use to connect to the ldap server
622# see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
623clientcert=""
624
625# key certificate to use to connect to the ldap server
626# see "man Net::LDAP" in start_tls section for more details
627clientkey=""
628
629# LDAP Suffix
630# Ex: suffix=dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG
631suffix="ou=MEGANET2,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
632
633# Where are stored Users
634# Ex: usersdn="ou=Users,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
635usersdn="ou=People,${suffix}"
636
637# Where are stored Computers
638# Ex: computersdn="ou=Computers,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
639computersdn="ou=People,${suffix}"
640
641# Where are stored Groups
642# Ex groupsdn="ou=Groups,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
643groupsdn="ou=Groups,${suffix}"
644
645# Where are stored Idmap entries
646# (used if samba is a domain member server)
647# Ex groupsdn="ou=Idmap,dc=IDEALX,dc=ORG"
648idmapdn="ou=Idmap,${suffix}"
649
650# Where to store next uidNumber and gidNumber available
651sambaUnixIdPooldn="sambaDomainName=MEGANET2,${suffix}"
652
653# Default scope Used
654scope="sub"
655</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8ideal3"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.13. Idealx smbldap-tools Control File Part C</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
656# Unix password encryption (CRYPT, MD5, SMD5, SSHA, SHA)
657hash_encrypt="MD5"
658
659# if hash_encrypt is set to CRYPT, you may set a salt format.
660# default is "%s", but many systems will generate MD5 hashed
661# passwords if you use "$1$%.8s". This parameter is optional!
662crypt_salt_format="%s"
663
664######################################################################
665#
666# Unix Accounts Configuration
667#
668######################################################################
669
670# Login defs
671# Default Login Shell
672# Ex: userLoginShell="/bin/bash"
673userLoginShell="/bin/false"
674
675# Home directory
676# Ex: userHome="/home/%U"
677userHome="/home/%U"
678
679# Gecos
680userGecos="Samba User"
681
682# Default User (POSIX and Samba) GID
683defaultUserGid="513"
684
685# Default Computer (Samba) GID
686defaultComputerGid="515"
687
688# Skel dir
689skeletonDir="/etc/skel"
690
691# Default password validation time (time in days) Comment the next
692# line if you don't want password to be enable for
693# defaultMaxPasswordAge days (be careful to the sambaPwdMustChange
694# attribute's value)
695defaultMaxPasswordAge="45"
696</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8ideal4"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.14. Idealx smbldap-tools Control File Part D</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
697######################################################################
698#
699# SAMBA Configuration
700#
701######################################################################
702
703# The UNC path to home drives location (%U username substitution)
704# Ex: \\My-PDC-netbios-name\homes\%U
705# Just set it to a null string if you want to use the smb.conf
706# 'logon home' directive and/or disable roaming profiles
707userSmbHome=""
708
709# The UNC path to profiles locations (%U username substitution)
710# Ex: \\My-PDC-netbios-name\profiles\%U
711# Just set it to a null string if you want to use the smb.conf
712# 'logon path' directive and/or disable roaming profiles
713userProfile=""
714
715# The default Home Drive Letter mapping
716# (will be automatically mapped at logon time if home directory exist)
717# Ex: H: for H:
718userHomeDrive=""
719
720# The default user netlogon script name (%U username substitution)
721# if not used, will be automatically username.cmd
722# make sure script file is edited under DOS
723# Ex: %U.cmd
724# userScript="startup.cmd" # make sure script file is edited under DOS
725userScript=""
726
727# Domain appended to the users "mail"-attribute
728# when smbldap-useradd -M is used
729mailDomain="abmas.org"
730
731######################################################################
732#
733# SMBLDAP-TOOLS Configuration (default are ok for a RedHat)
734#
735######################################################################
736# Allows not to use smbpasswd
737# (if with_smbpasswd == 0 in smbldap_conf.pm) but
738# prefer Crypt::SmbHash library
739with_smbpasswd="0"
740smbpasswd="/usr/bin/smbpasswd"
741</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
742 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609419"></a>
743 Note: I chose not to take advantage of the TLS capability of this.
744 Eventually I may go back and tweak it. Also, I chose not to take advantage
745 of the master/slave configuration as I heard horror stories that it was
746 unstable. My slave servers are replicas only.
747 </p><p>
748 The <code class="filename">/etc/smbldap-tools/smbldap_bind.conf</code> file is shown here:
749</p><pre class="screen">
750# smbldap_bind.conf
751#
752# This file simply tells smbldap-tools how to bind to your LDAP server.
753# It has to be a DN with full write access to the Samba portion of
754# the database.
755
756############################
757# Credential Configuration #
758############################
759# Notes: you can specify two different configurations if you use a
760# master ldap for writing access and a slave ldap server for reading access
761# By default, we will use the same DN (so it will work for standard Samba
762# release)
763slaveDN="cn=Manager,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
764slavePw="verysecret"
765masterDN="cn=Manager,dc=abmas,dc=biz"
766masterPw="verysecret"
767</pre><p>
768 </p><p>
769 The next step was to run the <code class="literal">smbldap-populate</code> command, which populates
770 the LDAP tree with the appropriate default users, groups, and UID and GID pools.
771 It creates a user called Administrator with UID=0 and GID=0 matching the
772 Domain Admins group. This is fine because you can still log on as root to a Windows system,
773 but it will break cached credentials if you need to log on as the administrator
774 to a system that is not on the network.
775 </p><p>
776 After the LDAP database has been preloaded, it is prudent to validate that the
777 information needed is in the LDAP directory. This can be done done by restarting
778 the LDAP server, then performing an LDAP search by executing:
779</p><pre class="screen">
780<code class="prompt">root# </code> ldapsearch -W -x -b "dc=abmas,dc=biz"\
781 -D "cn=Manager,dc=abmas,dc=biz" \
782 "(Objectclass=*)"
783Enter LDAP Password:
784# extended LDIF
785#
786# LDAPv3
787# base &lt;dc=abmas,dc=biz&gt; with scope sub
788# filter: (ObjectClass=*)
789# requesting: ALL
790#
791
792# abmas.biz
793dn: dc=abmas,dc=biz
794objectClass: dcObject
795objectClass: organization
796o: abmas
797dc: abmas
798
799# People, abmas.biz
800dn: ou=People,dc=abmas,dc=biz
801objectClass: organizationalUnit
802ou: People
803
804# Groups, abmas.biz
805dn: ou=Groups,dc=abmas,dc=biz
806objectClass: organizationalUnit
807ou: Groups
808
809# Idmap, abmas.biz
810dn: ou=Idmap,dc=abmas,dc=biz
811objectClass: organizationalUnit
812ou: Idmap
813...
814</pre><p>
815 </p><p>
816 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609520"></a>
817 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609527"></a>
818 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609534"></a>
819 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609540"></a>
820 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609547"></a>
821 With the LDAP directory now initialized, it was time to create the Windows and POSIX
822 (UNIX) group accounts as well as the mappings from Windows groups to UNIX groups.
823 The easiest way to do this was to use <code class="literal">smbldap-groupadd</code> command.
824 It creates the group with the posixGroup and sambaGroupMapping attributes, a
825 unique GID, and an automatically determined RID. I learned the hard way not to
826 try to do this by hand.
827 </p><p>
828 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609570"></a>
829 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609577"></a>
830 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609584"></a>
831 After I had my group mappings in place, I added users to the groups (the users
832 don't really have to exist yet). I used the <code class="literal">smbldap-groupmod</code>
833 command to accomplish this. It can also be done manually by adding memberUID
834 attributes to the group entries in LDAP.
835 </p><p>
836 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609604"></a>
837 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609611"></a>
838 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609618"></a>
839 The most monumental task of all was adding the sambaSamAccount information to each
840 already existent posixAccount entry. I did it one at a time as I moved people onto
841 the new server, by issuing the command:
842</p><pre class="screen">
843<code class="prompt">root# </code> smbldap-usermod -a -P username
844</pre><p>
845 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609640"></a>
846 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609647"></a>
847 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609654"></a>
848 I completed that step for every user after asking the person what his or her current
849 NetWare password was. The wiser way to have done it would probably have been to dump the
850 entire database to an LDIF file. This can be done by executing:
851</p><pre class="screen">
852<code class="prompt">root# </code> slapcat &gt; somefile.ldif
853</pre><p>
854 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609678"></a>
855 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609684"></a>
856 Then update the LDIF file created by using a Perl script to parse and add the
857 appropriate attributes and objectClasses to each entry, followed by re-importing
858 the entire database into the LDAP directory.
859 </p><p>
860 Rebuilding of the LDAP directory can be done as follows:
861</p><pre class="screen">
862<code class="prompt">root# </code> rcldap stop
863<code class="prompt">root# </code> cd /data/ldap
864<code class="prompt">root# </code> rm *bdb _* log*
865<code class="prompt">root# </code> su - ldap -c "slapadd -l somefile.ldif"
866<code class="prompt">root# </code> rcldap start
867</pre><p>
868 This can be done at any time and for any reason, with no harm to the database.
869 </p><p>
870 I first added a test user, of course. The LDIF for this test user looks like
871 this, to give you an idea:
872</p><pre class="screen">
873# Entry 1: cn=Test User,ou=people,ou=corp,dc=abmas,dc=biz
874dn:cn=Test User,ou=people,ou=corp,dc=abmas,dc=biz
875cn: Test User
876gecos: Test User
877gidNumber: 513
878givenName: Test
879homeDirectory: /home/test.user
880homePhone: 555
881l: Somewhere
882l: ST
883mail: test.user
884o: Corp
885objectClass: top
886objectClass: inetOrgPerson
887objectClass: posixAccount
888objectClass: sambaSamAccount
889postalCode: 12345
890sn: User
891street: 10 Some St.
892uid: test.user
893uidNumber: 1074
894sambaLogonTime: 0
895sambaLogoffTime: 2147483647
896sambaKickoffTime: 2147483647
897sambaPwdCanChange: 0
898displayName: Samba User
899sambaSID: S-1-5-21-725326080-1709766072-2910717368-3148
900sambaLMPassword: 9D29C287C58448F9AAD3B435B51404EE
901sambaAcctFlags: [U]
902sambaNTPassword: D062088E99C95E37D7702287BB35E770
903sambaPwdLastSet: 1102537694
904sambaPwdMustChange: 1106425694
905userPassword: {SSHA}UzFZ2VxRGdwUueLnTGtsTBtnsvMO1oj8
906loginShell: /bin/false
907</pre><p>
908 </p><p>
909 Then I went over to a spare Windows NT machine and joined it to the MEGANET2 domain.
910 It worked, and the machine's account entry under ou=Computers looks like this:
911</p><pre class="screen">
912dn:uid=w2kengrspare$,ou=Computers,ou=MEGANET2,dc=abmas,dc=biz
913objectClass: top
914objectClass: inetOrgPerson
915objectClass: posixAccount
916objectClass: sambaSamAccount
917cn: w2kengrspare$
918sn: w2kengrspare$
919uid: w2kengrspare$
920uidNumber: 1104
921gidNumber: 515
922homeDirectory: /dev/null
923loginShell: /bin/false
924description: Computer
925gecos: Computer
926sambaSID: S-1-5-21-725326080-1709766072-2910717368-3208
927sambaPrimaryGroupSID: S-1-5-21-725326080-1709766072-2910717368-2031
928displayName: W2KENGRSPARE$
929sambaPwdCanChange: 1103149236
930sambaPwdMustChange: 2147483647
931sambaNTPassword: CA199C45CB6737035DB6D9D9F6CD1834
932sambaPwdLastSet: 1103149236
933sambaAcctFlags: [W ]
934</pre><p>
935 </p><p>
936 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609789"></a>
937 So now I could log on with a test user from the machine w2kengrspare. It was all well and
938 good, but that user was in no groups yet and so had pretty boring access. I fixed that
939 by writing the login script! To write the login script, I used
940 <a class="ulink" href="http://www.kixtart.org" target="_top">Kixtart</a> because it will work
941 with every architecture of Windows, has an active and helpful user base, and was both
942 easier to learn and more powerful than the standard netlogon scripts I have seen.
943 I also did not have to do a logon script per user or per group.
944 </p><p>
945 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609813"></a>
946 I downloaded Kixtart and put the following files in my netlogon share:
947</p><pre class="screen">
948KIX32.EXE
949KX32.dll
950KX95.dll &lt;-- Not needed unless you are running Win9x clients.
951kx16.dll &lt;-- Probably not needed unless you are running DOS clients.
952kxrpc.exe &lt;-- Probably useless as it has to run on the server and can
953 only be run on NT. It's for Windows 95 to become group-aware.
954 We can get around the need.
955</pre><p>
956 </p><p>
957 <a class="indexterm" name="id2609844"></a>
958 I then wrote the <code class="filename">logon.kix</code> file that is shown in
959 <a class="link" href="nw4migration.html#ch8kix" title="Example 10.15. Kixtart Control File File: logon.kix">&#8220;Kixtart Control File File: logon.kix&#8221;</a>. I chose to keep it all in one file, but it
960 can be split up and linked via include directives.
961 </p><div class="example"><a name="ch8kix"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.15. Kixtart Control File File: logon.kix</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
962; This script just calls the other scripts.
963
964; First we want to get things done for everyone.
965
966; Second, we do first-time login stuff.
967
968; Third, we go through the group-oriented scripts one at a time.
969
970
971; We want to check for group membership here to avoid the overhead of running
972; scripts which don't apply.
973call "\\massive\netlogon\scripts\main.kix"
974call "\\massive\netlogon\scripts\setup.kix"
975IF INGROUP("MEGANET2\ACCT")
976 call "scripts\acct.kix"
977ENDIF
978IF INGROUP("MEGANET2\ENGR","MEGANET2\RECEPTIONIST")
979call "\\massive\netlogon\scripts\engr.kix"
980ENDIF
981IF INGROUP("MEGANET2\FURN")
982 call "\\massive\netlogon\scripts\furn.kix"
983ENDIF
984IF INGROUP("MEGANET2\TRUSS")
985 call "\\massive\netlogon\scripts\truss.kix"
986ENDIF
987</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8kix2"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.16. Kixtart Control File File: main.kix</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
988break on
989
990; Choose whether to hide the login window or not
991IF INGROUP("MEGANET2\Domain Admins")
992 USE Z: \\massive\everything
993 SETCONSOLE("show")
994ELSE
995 ; Nobody cares about seeing the login script except admins
996 SETCONSOLE("hide")
997ENDIF
998
999; Delete all previously connected shares
1000USE * /delete
1001
1002SETTITLE("Logging on @USERID to @LDOMAIN at @TIME")
1003
1004; Set the time on the workstation
1005$Timeserver = "\\massive"
1006Settime $TimeServer
1007
1008; Map the home directory
1009USE H: @HOMESHR ; connect to user's home share
1010IF @ERROR = 0
1011
1012 H:
1013 CD @HOMEDIR ; change directory to user's home directory
1014ENDIF
1015
1016; Everyone gets the N drive
1017USE N: \\massive\network
1018</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8kix3"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.17. Kixtart Control File File: setup.kix, Part A</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
1019; My setup.kix is where all of the redirection stuff happens. Note that with
1020; the use of registry keys, this only happens the first time they log in ,or if
1021; I delete the pertinent registry keys which triggers it to happen again:
1022
1023; Check to see if we have written the abmas sub-key before
1024$RETURNCODE = EXISTKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas")
1025IF NOT $RETURNCODE = 0
1026; Add key for abmas-specific things on the first login
1027 ADDKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas")
1028 ; The following key gets deleted at the end of the first login
1029 ADDKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas\FIRST_LOGIN")
1030ENDIF
1031
1032; People with laptops need My Documents to be in their profile. People with
1033; desktops can have My Documents redirected to their home directory to avoid
1034; long delays with logging out and out-of-sync files.
1035
1036; Check to see if this is the first login -- doesn't make sense to do this
1037; at the very first login
1038
1039$RETURNCODE = EXISTKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas\FIRST_LOGIN")
1040IF NOT $RETURNCODE = 0
1041
1042; We don't want to do this stuff for people with laptops or people in the FURN
1043; group. (They store their profiles in a different server)
1044
1045 IF NOT INGROUP("MASSIVE\Laptop","MASSIVE\FURN")
1046 $RETURNCODE=EXISTKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas\profile_copied")
1047
1048; A crude way to tell what OS our profile is for and copy the "My Documents"
1049; to the redirected folder on the server. It works because the profiles
1050; are stored as \\server\profiles\user\architecture
1051 IF NOT $RETURNCODE = 0
1052 IF EXIST("\\massive\profiles\@userID\WinXP")
1053 copy "\\massive\profiles\@userID\WinXP\My Documents\*"
1054"\\massive\@userID\"
1055 ENDIF
1056 IF EXIST("\\massive\profiles\@userID\Win2K")
1057 copy "\\massive\profiles\@userID\Win2K\My Documents\*"
1058"\\massive\@userID\"
1059 ENDIF
1060 IF EXIST("\\massive\profiles\@userID\WinNT")
1061 copy "\\massive\profiles\@userID\WinNT\My Documents\*"
1062"\\massive\@userID\"
1063 ENDIF
1064</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8kix3b"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.18. Kixtart Control File File: setup.kix, Part B</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
1065; Now we will write the registry values to redirect the locations of "My
1066Documents"
1067; and other folders.
1068 ADDKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas\profile_copied")
1069 WRITEVALUE("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
1070Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User
1071Shell Folders", "Personal","\\massive\@userID","REG_SZ")
1072 WRITEVALUE("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
1073Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User
1074Shell Folders", "My Pictures", "\\massive\@userID\My Pictures", "REG_SZ")
1075 IF @PRODUCTTYPE="Windows 2000 Professional" or @PRODUCTTYPE="Windows XP
1076Professional"
1077 WRITEVALUE("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
1078Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User
1079Shell Folders", "My Videos", "\\massive\@userID\My Videos", "REG_SZ")
1080 WRITEVALUE("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
1081Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User
1082Shell Folders", "My Music", "\\massive\@userID\My Music", "REG_SZ")
1083 WRITEVALUE("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\
1084Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User
1085Shell Folders", "My eBooks", "\\massive\@userID\My eBooks", "REG_SZ")
1086 ENDIF
1087 ENDIF
1088 ENDIF
1089
1090; Now we will delete the FIRST_LOGIN sub-key that we made before.
1091; Note - to run this script again you will want to delete the HKCU\abmas
1092; sub-key, log out, and log back in.
1093$RETURNVALUE = EXISTKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas\FIRST_LOGIN")
1094IF $RETURNVALUE = 0
1095 DELKEY("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\abmas\FIRST_LOGIN")
1096ENDIF
1097</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="example"><a name="ch8kix4"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 10.19. Kixtart Control File File: acct.kix</b></p><div class="example-contents"><pre class="screen">
1098; And here is one group-oriented script to show what can be
1099; done that way: acct.kix:
1100
1101IF INGROUP("MASSIVE\Acct_Admin","MASSIVE\HR")
1102 USE I: \\MEGANET2\HR_PR
1103ENDIF
1104
1105; Set up printer
1106$RETURNVALUE = existkey("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Printers\,,massive,acct_hp8500")
1107IF NOT $RETURNVALUE = 0
1108 ADDPRINTERCONNECTION("\\massive\acct_hp8500")
1109 SETDEFAULTPRINTER("\\massive\acct_hp8500")
1110ENDIF
1111; Set up drive mappings
1112 USE M: \\massive\ACCT
1113 IF INGROUP("MEGANET2\ABRA")
1114 USE T: \\trussrv\abra
1115 ENDIF
1116</pre></div></div><br class="example-break"><p>
1117 As you can see in the script, I redirected the My Documents to the user's home
1118 share if he or she were not in the Laptop group. I also added printers on a
1119 group-by-group basis, and if applicable I set the group printer. For this to
1120 be effective, the print drivers must be installed on the Samba server in the
1121 <code class="filename">[print$]</code> share. Ample documentation exists about how to
1122 do that, so it is not covered here.
1123 </p><p>
1124 I call this script via the logon.bat script in the [netlogon] directory:
1125</p><pre class="screen">
1126\\corpsrv\netlogon\kix32 \\corpsrv\netlogon\logon.kix /f
1127</pre><p>
1128 I only had to fully qualify the paths for Windows 9x, as Windows NT and
1129 greater automatically add [NETLOGON] to the path.
1130 </p><p>
1131 Also of note for Win9x is that the drive mappings and printer setup will not
1132 work because they rely on RPC. You merely have to put the appropriate settings
1133 into the <code class="filename">c:\autoexec.bat</code> file or map the drives manually.
1134 One option is to check the OS as part of the Kixtart script, and if it
1135 is Win9x and is the first login, copy a premade
1136 <code class="filename">autoexec.bat</code> to the <code class="filename">C:</code> drive. I
1137 have only three such machines, and one is going away in the very near future,
1138 so it was easier to do it by hand.
1139 </p><p>
1140 <a class="indexterm" name="id2610141"></a>
1141 At this point I was able to add the users. This is the part that really falls
1142 into upgrade. I moved the users over one group at a time, starting with the
1143 people who used the least amount of resources on the network. With each group
1144 that I moved, I first logged on as a standard user in that group and took
1145 careful note of the environment, mainly the printers he or she used, the PATH,
1146 and what network resources he or she had access to (most importantly, which ones
1147 the user actually needed access to).
1148 </p><p>
1149 I then added the user's SambaSamAccount information as mentioned earlier,
1150 and join the computer to the domain. The very first thing I had to do was to
1151 copy the user's profile to the new server. This was very important, and I really
1152 struggled with the most effective way to do it. Here is the method that worked
1153 for every one of my users on Windows NT, 2000, and XP:
1154 </p><div class="procedure"><ol type="1"><li><p>
1155 Log in as the user on the domain. This creates the local copy
1156 of the user's profile and copies it to the server as he or she logs out.
1157 </p></li><li><p>
1158 Reboot the computer and log in as the local machine administrator.
1159 </p></li><li><p>
1160 Right-click My Computer, click Properties, and navigate to the
1161 user profiles tab (varies per version of Windows).
1162 </p></li><li><p>
1163 Select the user's local profile <code class="constant">(COMPUTERNAME\username)</code>,
1164 and click the <code class="literal">Copy To</code> button.
1165 </p></li><li><p>
1166 In the next dialog, copy it directly to the profiles share on the
1167 Samba server (in my case \\PDCname\profiles\user\&lt;architecture&gt;.
1168 You will have had to make a connection to the share as that
1169 user (e.g., Windows Explorer type \\PDCname\profiles\username).
1170 </p></li><li><p>
1171 When the copy is complete (it can take a while) log out, and log back in
1172 as the user. All of his or her settings and all contents of My Documents,
1173 Favorites, and the registry should have been copied successfully.
1174 </p></li><li><p>
1175 If it doesn't look right (the dead giveaway is the desktop background),
1176 shut down the computer without logging out (power cycle) and try logging
1177 in as the user again. If it still doesn't work, repeat the steps above.
1178 I only had to ever repeat it once.
1179 </p></li></ol></div><p>
1180 Words to the Wise:
1181 </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p>
1182 If the user was anything other than a standard user on his or her system
1183 before, you will save yourself some headaches by giving him or her identical
1184 permissions (on the local machine) as his or her domain account <span class="emphasis"><em>before</em></span>
1185 copying the profile over. Do this through the User Administrator
1186 in the Control Panel, after joining the computer to the domain and
1187 before logging on as that user for the first time. Otherwise the user will
1188 have trouble with permissions on his or her registry keys.
1189 </p></li><li><p>
1190 If any application was installed for the user only, rather than for
1191 the entire system, it will probably not work without being reinstalled.
1192 </p></li></ul></div><p>
1193 After all these steps are accomplished, only cleanup details are left. Make sure user's
1194 shortcuts and Network Places point to the appropriate place on the new server, check
1195 the important applications to be sure they work as expected and troubleshoot any problems
1196 that might arise, and check to be sure the user's printers are present and working. By the
1197 way, if there are any network printers installed as system printers (the Novell way),
1198 you will need to log in as a local administrator and delete them.
1199 </p><p>
1200 For my non-laptop systems, I would then log in and out a couple times as the user
1201 to be sure that his or her registry settings were modified, and then I was finished.
1202 </p><p>
1203 Some compatibility issues that cropped up included the following:
1204 </p><p>
1205 Blackberry client: It did not like having its registry settings moved around
1206 and so had to be reinstalled. Also, it needed write permissions to a portion of
1207 the hard drive, and I had to give it those manually on the one system where
1208 this was an issue.
1209 </p><p>
1210 CAMedia: Digital camera software for Canon cameras caused all kinds of trouble
1211 with the registry. I had to use the Run as service to open the registry of
1212 the local user while logged in as the domain user, and give the domain user
1213 the appropriate permissions to some registry keys, then export that portion
1214 of the registry to a file. Then, as the domain user, I had to import that file
1215 into the registry.
1216 </p><p>
1217 Crystal Reports version 7: More registry problems that were solved by recopying
1218 the user's profile.
1219 </p><p>
1220 Printing from legacy applications: I found out that Novell sends its jobs to
1221 the printer in a raw format. CUPS sends them in PostScript by default. I had
1222 to make a second printer definition for one printer and tell CUPS specifically
1223 to send raw data to the printer, then assign this printer to the LPT port with
1224 Kixtart's version of the net use command.
1225 </p><p>
1226 These were all eventually solved by elbow grease, queries to the Samba mailing
1227 list and others, and diligence. The complete migration took about 5 weeks.
1228 My userbase is relatively small but includes multiple versions of Windows,
1229 multiple Linux member servers, a mechanized saw, a pen plotter, and legacy
1230 applications written in Qbasic and R:Base, just to name a few. I actually
1231 ended up making some of these applications work better (or work again, as
1232 some of them had stopped functioning on the old server) because as part of
1233 the process I had to find out how things were supposed to work.
1234 </p><p>
1235 The one thing I have not been able to get working is a very old database that
1236 we had around for reference purposes; it uses Novell's Btrieve engine.
1237 </p><p>
1238 As the resources compare, I went from 95 percent disk usage to just around 10 percent.
1239 I went from a very high load on the server to an average load of between one
1240 and two runnable processes on the server. I have improved the security and
1241 robustness of the system. I have also implemented
1242 <a class="ulink" href="http://www.clamav.net" target="_top">ClamAV</a> antivirus software,
1243 which scans the entire Samba server for viruses every 2 hours and
1244 quarantines them. I have found it much less problematic than our ancient
1245 version of Norton Antivirus Corporate Edition, and much more up-to-date.
1246 </p><p>
1247 In short, my users are much happier now that the new server is running, and that
1248 is what is important to me.
1249 </p></div></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ntmigration.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="DMSMig.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="RefSection.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 9. Migrating NT4 Domain to Samba-3 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Part III. Reference Section</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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