| 1 | <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>smbpasswd</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="refentry" lang="en"><a name="smbpasswd.5"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2>Name</h2><p>smbpasswd — The Samba encrypted password file</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><p><code class="filename">smbpasswd</code></p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id2522906"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2><p>This tool is part of the <a class="citerefentry" href="samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">samba</span>(7)</span></a> suite.</p><p>smbpasswd is the Samba encrypted password file. It contains
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| 2 | the username, Unix user id and the SMB hashed passwords of the
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| 3 | user, as well as account flag information and the time the
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| 4 | password was last changed. This file format has been evolving with
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| 5 | Samba and has had several different formats in the past. </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id2522932"></a><h2>FILE FORMAT</h2><p>The format of the smbpasswd file used by Samba 2.2
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| 6 | is very similar to the familiar Unix <code class="filename">passwd(5)</code>
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| 7 | file. It is an ASCII file containing one line for each user. Each field
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| 8 | ithin each line is separated from the next by a colon. Any entry
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| 9 | beginning with '#' is ignored. The smbpasswd file contains the
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| 10 | following information for each user: </p><div class="variablelist"><dl><dt><span class="term">name</span></dt><dd><p> This is the user name. It must be a name that
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| 11 | already exists in the standard UNIX passwd file. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">uid</span></dt><dd><p>This is the UNIX uid. It must match the uid
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| 12 | field for the same user entry in the standard UNIX passwd file.
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| 13 | If this does not match then Samba will refuse to recognize
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| 14 | this smbpasswd file entry as being valid for a user.
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| 15 | </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Lanman Password Hash</span></dt><dd><p>This is the LANMAN hash of the user's password,
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| 16 | encoded as 32 hex digits. The LANMAN hash is created by DES
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| 17 | encrypting a well known string with the user's password as the
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| 18 | DES key. This is the same password used by Windows 95/98 machines.
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| 19 | Note that this password hash is regarded as weak as it is
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| 20 | vulnerable to dictionary attacks and if two users choose the
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| 21 | same password this entry will be identical (i.e. the password
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| 22 | is not "salted" as the UNIX password is). If the user has a
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| 23 | null password this field will contain the characters "NO PASSWORD"
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| 24 | as the start of the hex string. If the hex string is equal to
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| 25 | 32 'X' characters then the user's account is marked as
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| 26 | <code class="constant">disabled</code> and the user will not be able to
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| 27 | log onto the Samba server. </p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>WARNING !!</em></span> Note that, due to
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| 28 | the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication
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| 29 | protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will
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| 30 | be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this
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| 31 | reason these hashes are known as <span class="emphasis"><em>plain text
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| 32 | equivalents</em></span> and must <span class="emphasis"><em>NOT</em></span> be made
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| 33 | available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords
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| 34 | the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and
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| 35 | traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file
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| 36 | itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no
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| 37 | other access. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">NT Password Hash</span></dt><dd><p>This is the Windows NT hash of the user's
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| 38 | password, encoded as 32 hex digits. The Windows NT hash is
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| 39 | created by taking the user's password as represented in
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| 40 | 16-bit, little-endian UNICODE and then applying the MD4
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| 41 | (internet rfc1321) hashing algorithm to it. </p><p>This password hash is considered more secure than
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| 42 | the LANMAN Password Hash as it preserves the case of the
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| 43 | password and uses a much higher quality hashing algorithm.
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| 44 | However, it is still the case that if two users choose the same
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| 45 | password this entry will be identical (i.e. the password is
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| 46 | not "salted" as the UNIX password is). </p><p><span class="emphasis"><em>WARNING !!</em></span>. Note that, due to
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| 47 | the challenge-response nature of the SMB/CIFS authentication
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| 48 | protocol, anyone with a knowledge of this password hash will
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| 49 | be able to impersonate the user on the network. For this
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| 50 | reason these hashes are known as <span class="emphasis"><em>plain text
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| 51 | equivalents</em></span> and must <span class="emphasis"><em>NOT</em></span> be made
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| 52 | available to anyone but the root user. To protect these passwords
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| 53 | the smbpasswd file is placed in a directory with read and
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| 54 | traverse access only to the root user and the smbpasswd file
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| 55 | itself must be set to be read/write only by root, with no
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| 56 | other access. </p></dd><dt><span class="term">Account Flags</span></dt><dd><p>This section contains flags that describe
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| 57 | the attributes of the users account. This field is bracketed by
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| 58 | '[' and ']' characters and is always 13 characters in length
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| 59 | (including the '[' and ']' characters).
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| 60 | The contents of this field may be any of the following characters:
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| 61 | </p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>U</em></span> - This means
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| 62 | this is a "User" account, i.e. an ordinary user.</p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>N</em></span> - This means the
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| 63 | account has no password (the passwords in the fields LANMAN
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| 64 | Password Hash and NT Password Hash are ignored). Note that this
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| 65 | will only allow users to log on with no password if the <em class="parameter"><code>
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| 66 | null passwords</code></em> parameter is set in the
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| 67 | <a class="citerefentry" href="smb.conf.5.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smb.conf</span>(5)</span></a> config file. </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>D</em></span> - This means the account
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| 68 | is disabled and no SMB/CIFS logins will be allowed for this user. </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>X</em></span> - This means the password
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| 69 | does not expire. </p></li><li><p><span class="emphasis"><em>W</em></span> - This means this account
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| 70 | is a "Workstation Trust" account. This kind of account is used
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| 71 | in the Samba PDC code stream to allow Windows NT Workstations
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| 72 | and Servers to join a Domain hosted by a Samba PDC. </p></li></ul></div><p>Other flags may be added as the code is extended in future.
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| 73 | The rest of this field space is filled in with spaces. For further
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| 74 | information regarding the flags that are supported please refer to the
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| 75 | man page for the <code class="literal">pdbedit</code> command.</p></dd><dt><span class="term">Last Change Time</span></dt><dd><p>This field consists of the time the account was
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| 76 | last modified. It consists of the characters 'LCT-' (standing for
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| 77 | "Last Change Time") followed by a numeric encoding of the UNIX time
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| 78 | in seconds since the epoch (1970) that the last change was made.
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| 79 | </p></dd></dl></div><p>All other colon separated fields are ignored at this time.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id2483685"></a><h2>VERSION</h2><p>This man page is correct for version 3 of
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| 80 | the Samba suite.</p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id2483696"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2><p><a class="citerefentry" href="smbpasswd.8.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">smbpasswd</span>(8)</span></a>, <a class="citerefentry" href="Samba.7.html"><span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">Samba</span>(7)</span></a>, and
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| 81 | the Internet RFC1321 for details on the MD4 algorithm.
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| 82 | </p></div><div class="refsect1" lang="en"><a name="id2483722"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2><p>The original Samba software and related utilities
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| 83 | were created by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed
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| 84 | by the Samba Team as an Open Source project similar
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| 85 | to the way the Linux kernel is developed.</p><p>The original Samba man pages were written by Karl Auer.
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| 86 | The man page sources were converted to YODL format (another
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| 87 | excellent piece of Open Source software, available at <a class="ulink" href="ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/" target="_top">
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| 88 | ftp://ftp.icce.rug.nl/pub/unix/</a>) and updated for the Samba 2.0
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| 89 | release by Jeremy Allison. The conversion to DocBook for
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| 90 | Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald Carter. The conversion to DocBook XML 4.2
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| 91 | for Samba 3.0 was done by Alexander Bokovoy.</p></div></div></body></html>
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