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1<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Chapter 7. Standalone Servers</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../samba.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.0"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Official Samba 3.5.x HOWTO and Reference Guide"><link rel="up" href="type.html" title="Part II. Server Configuration Basics"><link rel="prev" href="domain-member.html" title="Chapter 6. Domain Membership"><link rel="next" href="ClientConfig.html" title="Chapter 8. MS Windows Network Configuration Guide"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 7. Standalone Servers</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="domain-member.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Part II. Server Configuration Basics</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ClientConfig.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="chapter" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="StandAloneServer"></a>Chapter 7. Standalone Servers</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">John</span> <span class="othername">H.</span> <span class="orgname">Samba Team</span> <span class="surname">Terpstra</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><span class="orgname">Samba Team<br></span><div class="address"><p><code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:jht@samba.org">jht@samba.org</a>&gt;</code></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="StandAloneServer.html#id2574171">Features and Benefits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="StandAloneServer.html#id2574265">Background</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="StandAloneServer.html#id2574457">Example Configuration</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="StandAloneServer.html#RefDocServer">Reference Documentation Server</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="StandAloneServer.html#SimplePrintServer">Central Print Serving</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="StandAloneServer.html#id2575441">Common Errors</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
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5Standalone servers are independent of domain controllers on the network.
6They are not domain members and function more like workgroup servers. In many
7cases a standalone server is configured with a minimum of security control
8with the intent that all data served will be readily accessible to all users.
9</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2574171"></a>Features and Benefits</h2></div></div></div><p>
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12Standalone servers can be as secure or as insecure as needs dictate. They can
13have simple or complex configurations. Above all, despite the hoopla about
14domain security, they remain a common installation.
15</p><p>
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20If all that is needed is a server for read-only files, or for
21printers alone, it may not make sense to effect a complex installation.
22For example, a drafting office needs to store old drawings and reference
23standards. Nobody can write files to the server because it is legislatively
24important that all documents remain unaltered. A share-mode read-only standalone
25server is an ideal solution.
26</p><p>
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30Another situation that warrants simplicity is an office that has many printers
31that are queued off a single central server. Everyone needs to be able to print
32to the printers, there is no need to effect any access controls, and no files will
33be served from the print server. Again, a share-mode standalone server makes
34a great solution.
35</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2574265"></a>Background</h2></div></div></div><p>
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39The term <span class="emphasis"><em>standalone server</em></span> means that it will provide local authentication and access
40control for all resources that are available from it. In general this means that there will be a local user
41database. In more technical terms, it means resources on the machine will be made available in either
42<span class="emphasis"><em>share</em></span> mode or in <span class="emphasis"><em>user</em></span> mode.
43</p><p>
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47No special action is needed other than to create user accounts. Standalone
48servers do not provide network logon services. This means that machines that
49use this server do not perform a domain logon to it. Whatever logon facility
50the workstations are subject to is independent of this machine. It is, however,
51necessary to accommodate any network user so the logon name he or she uses will
52be translated (mapped) locally on the standalone server to a locally known
53user name. There are several ways this can be done.
54</p><p>
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58Samba tends to blur the distinction a little in defining
59a standalone server. This is because the authentication database may be
60local or on a remote server, even if from the SMB protocol perspective
61the Samba server is not a member of a domain security context.
62</p><p>
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71Through the use of Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) (see <a class="link" href="pam.html" title="Chapter 28. PAM-Based Distributed Authentication">the chapter on PAM</a>)
72and the name service switcher (NSS), which maintains the UNIX-user database, the source of authentication may
73reside on another server. We would be inclined to call this the authentication server. This means that the
74Samba server may use the local UNIX/Linux system password database (<code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> or
75<code class="filename">/etc/shadow</code>), may use a local smbpasswd file, or may use an LDAP backend, or even via PAM
76and Winbind another CIFS/SMB server for authentication.
77</p></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2574457"></a>Example Configuration</h2></div></div></div><p>
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80<a class="link" href="StandAloneServer.html#simplynice" title="Example 7.1. smb.conf for Reference Documentation Server">The example Reference Documentation Server</a> and <a class="link" href="StandAloneServer.html#SimplePrintServer" title="Central Print Serving">Central Print Serving</a> are designed to inspire simplicity. It is too easy to
81attempt a high level of creativity and to introduce too much complexity in server and network design.
82</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="RefDocServer"></a>Reference Documentation Server</h3></div></div></div><p>
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87Configuration of a read-only data server that everyone can access is very simple. By default, all shares are
88read-only, unless set otherwise in the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file. <a class="link" href="StandAloneServer.html#simplynice" title="Example 7.1. smb.conf for Reference Documentation Server">The example - Reference
89Documentation Server</a> is the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file that will do this. Assume that all the reference documents
90are stored in the directory <code class="filename">/export</code>, and the documents are owned by a user other than
91nobody. No home directories are shared, and there are no users in the <code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code> UNIX
92system database. This is a simple system to administer.
93</p><div class="example"><a name="simplynice"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 7.1. smb.conf for Reference Documentation Server</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td># Global parameters</td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574603"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = MIDEARTH</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574615"></a><em class="parameter"><code>netbios name = GANDALF</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574627"></a><em class="parameter"><code>security = SHARE</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574638"></a><em class="parameter"><code>passdb backend = guest</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574650"></a><em class="parameter"><code>wins server = 192.168.1.1</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[data]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574671"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = Data</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574683"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /export</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2574694"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest only = Yes</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="blockquote"><table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="blockquote" summary="Block quote"><tr><td width="10%" valign="top"> </td><td width="80%" valign="top"><p>
94I would have spoken more briefly, if I'd had more time to prepare.
95</p></td><td width="10%" valign="top"> </td></tr><tr><td width="10%" valign="top"> </td><td colspan="2" align="right" valign="top">--<span class="attribution">Mark Twain</span></td></tr></table></div><p>
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100In <a class="link" href="StandAloneServer.html#simplynice" title="Example 7.1. smb.conf for Reference Documentation Server">this example</a>, the machine name is set to GANDALF, and the
101workgroup is set to the name of the local workgroup (MIDEARTH) so the machine will appear together
102with systems with which users are familiar. The only password backend required is the &#8220;<span class="quote">guest</span>&#8221;
103backend to allow default unprivileged account names to be used. As there is a WINS server on this network, we
104of course make use of it.
105</p><p>
106A US Air Force Colonel was renowned for saying: &#8220;<span class="quote">Better is the enemy of good enough!</span>&#8221; There are often
107sound reasons for avoiding complexity as well as for avoiding a technically perfect solution. Unfortunately,
108many network administrators still need to learn the art of doing just enough to keep out of trouble.
109</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="SimplePrintServer"></a>Central Print Serving</h3></div></div></div><p>
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112Configuration of a simple print server is easy if you have all the right tools on your system.
113</p><div class="orderedlist"><p class="title"><b> Assumptions</b></p><ol type="1"><li><p>
114 The print server must require no administration.
115 </p></li><li><p>
116 The print spooling and processing system on our print server will be CUPS.
117 (Please refer to <a class="link" href="CUPS-printing.html" title="Chapter 22. CUPS Printing Support">CUPS Printing Support</a>, for more information).
118 </p></li><li><p>
119 The print server will service only network printers. The network administrator
120 will correctly configure the CUPS environment to support the printers.
121 </p></li><li><p>
122 All workstations will use only PostScript drivers. The printer driver
123 of choice is the one shipped with the Windows OS for the Apple Color LaserWriter.
124 </p></li></ol></div><p>
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128In this example our print server will spool all incoming print jobs to
129<code class="filename">/var/spool/samba</code> until the job is ready to be submitted by
130Samba to the CUPS print processor. Since all incoming connections will be as
131the anonymous (guest) user, two things will be required to enable anonymous printing.
132</p><div class="itemizedlist"><p class="title"><b>Enabling Anonymous Printing</b></p><ul type="disc"><li><p>
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136 The UNIX/Linux system must have a <code class="literal">guest</code> account.
137 The default for this is usually the account <code class="literal">nobody</code>.
138 To find the correct name to use for your version of Samba, do the
139 following:
140</p><pre class="screen">
141<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>testparm -s -v | grep "guest account"</code></strong>
142</pre><p>
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144 Make sure that this account exists in your system password
145 database (<code class="filename">/etc/passwd</code>).
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150 It is a good idea either to set a password on this account, or else to lock it
151 from UNIX use. Assuming that the guest account is called <code class="literal">pcguest</code>,
152 it can be locked by executing:
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154<code class="prompt">root# </code> passwd -l pcguest
155</pre><p>
156 The exact command may vary depending on your UNIX/Linux distribution.
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164 The directory into which Samba will spool the file must have write
165 access for the guest account. The following commands will ensure that
166 this directory is available for use:
167</p><pre class="screen">
168<code class="prompt">root# </code><strong class="userinput"><code>mkdir /var/spool/samba</code></strong>
169<code class="prompt">root# </code><strong class="userinput"><code>chown nobody.nobody /var/spool/samba</code></strong>
170<code class="prompt">root# </code><strong class="userinput"><code>chmod a+rwt /var/spool/samba</code></strong>
171</pre><p>
172 </p></li></ul></div><p>
173The contents of the <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> file is shown in <a class="link" href="StandAloneServer.html#AnonPtrSvr" title="Example 7.2. smb.conf for Anonymous Printing">the Anonymous Printing example</a>.
174</p><div class="example"><a name="AnonPtrSvr"></a><p class="title"><b>Example 7.2. <code class="filename">smb.conf</code> for Anonymous Printing</b></p><div class="example-contents"><table class="simplelist" border="0" summary="Simple list"><tr><td># Global parameters</td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[global]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575144"></a><em class="parameter"><code>workgroup = MIDEARTH</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575156"></a><em class="parameter"><code>netbios name = GANDALF</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575168"></a><em class="parameter"><code>security = SHARE</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575179"></a><em class="parameter"><code>passdb backend = guest</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575191"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printing = cups</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575203"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printcap name = cups</code></em></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td><em class="parameter"><code>[printers]</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575224"></a><em class="parameter"><code>comment = All Printers</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575235"></a><em class="parameter"><code>path = /var/spool/samba</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575247"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printer admin = root</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575259"></a><em class="parameter"><code>guest ok = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575271"></a><em class="parameter"><code>printable = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575282"></a><em class="parameter"><code>use client driver = Yes</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><a class="indexterm" name="id2575294"></a><em class="parameter"><code>browseable = No</code></em></td></tr></table></div></div><br class="example-break"><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
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180On CUPS-enabled systems there is a facility to pass raw data directly to the printer without intermediate
181processing via CUPS print filters. Where use of this mode of operation is desired, it is necessary to
182configure a raw printing device. It is also necessary to enable the raw mime handler in the
183<code class="filename">/etc/mime.conv</code> and <code class="filename">/etc/mime.types</code> files. Refer to <a class="link" href="CUPS-printing.html" title="Chapter 22. CUPS Printing Support">CUPS Printing Support</a>, <a class="link" href="CUPS-printing.html#cups-raw" title="Explicitly Enable raw Printing for application/octet-stream">Explicitly Enable raw Printing
184for application/octet-stream</a>.
185</p></div><p>
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190The example in <a class="link" href="StandAloneServer.html#AnonPtrSvr" title="Example 7.2. smb.conf for Anonymous Printing">the Anonymous Printing example</a> uses CUPS for direct printing
191via the CUPS libarary API. This means that all printers will be exposed to Windows users without need to
192configure a printcap file. If there is necessity to expose only a sub-set of printers, or to define a special
193type of printer (for example, a PDF filter) the <em class="parameter"><code>printcap name = cups</code></em> can be replaced
194with the entry <em class="parameter"><code>printcap name = /etc/samba/myprintcap</code></em>. In this case the file specified
195should contain a list of the printer names that should be exposed to Windows network users.
196</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="id2575441"></a>Common Errors</h2></div></div></div><p>
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199The greatest mistake so often made is to make a network configuration too complex.
200It pays to use the simplest solution that will meet the needs of the moment.
201</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="domain-member.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="type.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ClientConfig.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 6. Domain Membership </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 8. MS Windows Network Configuration Guide</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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